OB/ GYN: Physiology of the Female Pelvis

This three-dimensional rendering of the endometrium is most suggestive of which of the following? A. Bicornuate uterus B. Uterine didelphys C. Septate uterus D. Arcuate uterus

A. Bicornuate uterus

Which of the following ligaments creates the retrouterine space? A. Broad B. Round C. Ovarian D. Suspensory

A. Broad

Developing ovarian follicles produce which of the following hormones? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Luteinizing hormone D. Follicular-stimulating hormone

A. Estrogen

Which of the following bests describes the term Mittelschmerz? A. Mid cycle pelvic pain B. Pain during intercourse C. Severe menstrual cramps D. Severe premenstrual cramps

A. Mid cycle pelvic pain

Regeneration of the endometrial lining is a function of the A. basal layer. B. parietal layer. C. mucosal layer. D. functional layer

A. basal layer.

Paraovarian cysts are typically located in the A. broad ligament. B. round ligament. C. ovarian ligament. D. suspensory ligament.

A. broad ligament.

Hyperechoic foci identified in the right ovary most likely represent multiple A. corpus albicans. B. cystic teratomas. C. corpus luteal cysts. D. calcified ovarian vessels.

A. corpus albicans.

A 20-year-old patient presents with a history of pelvic pain and irregular menstrual cycles. Based on this clinical history, the sonogram of the right adnexa is most likely demonstrating a(n) A. endometrioma. B. hemorrhagic cyst. C. theca lutein cyst. D. tubo-ovarian abscesz

A. endometrioma.

The endometrium in this menarche patient is demonstrating the A. late secretory phase. B. early menstrual phase. C. late proliferation phase. D. early proliferation phase.

A. late secretory phase.

The vagina is enclosed between the A. levator ani. B. iliopsoas muscles. C. piriformis muscles. D. obturator internus muscles

A. levator ani.

The surface region between the symphysis pubis and coccyx is termed the A. perineum. B. space of Retzius C. retropubic space. D. vesicouterine pouch

A. perineum.

Attenuation of the sound wave is a finding associated with A. pyosalpinx B. endometritis C. corpus luteal cyst. D. endometriosis.

A. pyosalpinx

This sonogram of a postmenopausal patient is most likely demonstrating a(n) A. simple cyst. B. cystic teratoma. C. cystadenoma. D. epithelial inclusion cyst

A. simple cyst.

In postmenopausal patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy, the endometrial thickness A. varies. B. exceeds 8 mm. C. is undetectable. D. exceeds 15 mm.

A. varies.

Precocious puberty demonstrates breast development in girls before A. 5 years of age. B. 7 years of age. C. 9 years of age. D. 11 years of age

B. 7 years of age.

Which of the following ligaments is a continuation of the broad ligament extending across the pelvic floor? A. Round B. Cardinal C. Suspensory D. Uterosacral

B. Cardinal

Close monitoring of which of the following hormones occurs during ovulation induction therapy? A. Estrogen B. Estradiol C. Progesterone D. Follicular stimulating

B. Estradiol

The endometrium is thinnest during which phase of the menstrual cycle? A. Early menstrual B. Late menstrual C. Late secretory D. Early proliferatio

B. Late menstrual

Excessive stretching of which of the following ligaments can result in retroflexion of the uterus? A. Broad B. Round C. Cardinal D. Suspensory

B. Round

The endometrial cavity consists of a superficial A. mucosal layer and a deep basal layer B. functional layer and a deep basal layer. C. basal layer and a deep junctional zone. D. basal layer and a deep functional layer.

B. functional layer and a deep basal layer.

A sagittal image of the right ovary in this menarche patient is demonstrating a(n) A. corpus albicans. B. graafian follicle. C. theca lutein cyst. D. simple ovarian cyst.

B. graafian follicle.

A menarche patient presents with vague pelvic pain and abdominal bloating. Based on this clinical history, the sonogram is most suggestive of a(n) A. appendicitis. B. hydrosalpinx. C. paraovarian cyst. D. fluid-filled loop of bowel.

B. hydrosalpinx.

The endometrium in patients undergoing oral contraceptive therapy is expected to appear A. isoechoic and thin B. hyperechoic and thin. C. hyperechoic and thick. D. hypoechoic and thin

B. hyperechoic and thin.

The cervix is anchored at the angle of the bladder by the A. peritoneum. B. parametrium. C. broad ligament. D. suspensory ligament.

B. parametrium.

This coronal image of the inferior pelvis is most likely demonstrating a A. hydrosalpinx B. paraovarian cyst. C. surface epithelial cyst. D. peritoneal inclusion cyst

B. paraovarian cyst.

Visualization of a cumulus oophorus signifies A. ectopic pregnancy. B. probable ovulation. C. onset of menstruation. D. ovarian hyperstimulation

B. probable ovulation.

When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum cyst regresses and A. estrogen levels increase. B. progesterone levels decrease. C. luteinizing hormone decreases. D. follicular-stimulating hormone increases

B. progesterone levels decrease.

Preparing and maintaining the endometrium for implantation is a function of A. estrogen. B. progesterone. C. luteinizing hormone. D. human chorionic gonadotropin.

B. progesterone.

An intrauterine device should be placed in the region of the A. fundus and cornua. B. superior corpus and fundus. C. isthmus and inferior corpus. D. superior corpus and cornua

B. superior corpus and fundus.

Abdominal bloating is a clinical symptom of A. endometriosis. B. paraovarian cyst. C. Krukenberg tumors. D. tubo-ovarian abscess

C. Krukenberg tumors

This sonogram represents which endometrial phase? A. Late secretory B. Late follicular C. Late menstrual D. Early follicular

C. Late menstrual

Which of the following converts the residual ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Luteinizing hormone D. Follicular-stimulating hormone

C. Luteinizing hormone

Which of the following occurs during in in vitro fertilization? A. Zygote is transferred to the fallopian tube. B. Immature ova are aspirated with ultrasound guidance. C. Medication is administered to temporarily stop ovarian function. D. Oocytes are mixed with sperm and then transferred to the fallopian tube

C. Medication is administered to temporarily stop ovarian function.

In which pelvic space is free fluid identified? A. Prevesical space B. Retropubic space C. Retrouterine space D. Vesicouterine space

C. Retrouterine space

A small amount of estrogen is produced by the A. spleen. B. kidney. C. adrenal glands. D. pituitary gland

C. adrenal glands.

Masses within the vesicouterine pouch will displace the bladder A. laterally. B. superiorly. C. anteriorly. D. posteriorly

C. anteriorly.

A cystic ovarian mass demonstrating peripheral hypervascularity is most likely a A. simple cyst. B. corpus albicans. C. corpus luteal cyst. D. epithelial inclusion cyst.

C. corpus luteal cyst.

A menarche patient with a last menstrual period 3 weeks ago presents with a history of a uterine fibroid. Based on this clinical history, the arrow is identifying a A. graafian follicle. B. hemorrhagic cyst. C. corpus luteal cyst. D. physiological cyst.

C. corpus luteal cyst.

Cul-de-sac fluid reaches peak volume in the A. ovulatory phase. B. late luteal phase. C. early luteal phase. D. late follicular phase

C. early luteal phase.

Fixation of the ovaries to the posterior surface of the uterus should raise suspicion for A. pyosalpinx. B. hydrosalpinx. C. endometriosis. D. tubo-ovarian abscess.

C. endometriosis.

A coronal image of the right ovary demonstrates the early A. luteal phase. B. secretory phase. C. follicular phase. D. menstrual phase.

C. follicular phase.

A dominant 2.0-cm ovarian cyst in a menarche patient is most likely a A. simple cyst. B. cystadenoma. C. graafian follicle. D. corpus luteal cys

C. graafian follicle.

A menarche patient presents with a history of acute pelvic pain. The arrow in this sonogram is identifying a A. corpus albicans. B. graafian follicle. C. hemorrhagic cyst. D. physiological cyst.

C. hemorrhagic cyst.

The junctional zone of the uterus is a term used to describe the A. inner layer of the perimetrium. B. endometrium during ovulation. C. inner layer of the myometrium. D. outer layer of the myometrium

C. inner layer of the myometrium.

The endometrium is most likely demonstrating the A. early secretory phase. B. early menstrual phase. C. late proliferation phase. D. early proliferation phase

C. late proliferation phase.

The arrow is identifying fluid within the A. rectum. B. urinary bladder. C. pouch of Douglas. D. anterior cul-de-sac

C. pouch of Douglas.

The corpus luteum produces A. estradiol. B. estrogen. C. progesterone. D. luteinizing hormone.

C. progesterone.

Which day of a normal menstrual cycle is the endometrium most likely displaying? A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 17

D. 17

Which of the following is the typical sonographic description of an endometrioma? A. Hypoechoic mass with thin wall margins B. Hyperechoic mass with irregular wall margins C. Complex mass with thick irregular wall margins D. Hypoechoic mass with thick, well-defined wall margins

D. Hypoechoic mass with thick, well-defined wall margins

Which portion of the fallopian tube lies lateral to the ampulla? A. Cornua B. Isthmus C. Interstitial D. Infundibulum

D. Infundibulum

Which of the following hormones is essential in both males and females for reproduction? A. Estrogen B. Testosterone C. Progesterone D. Luteinizing hormone

D. Luteinizing hormone

What is the most common cause of female infertility? A. Oviduct disease B. Uterine neoplasm C. Uterine anomalies D. Ovulatory disorders

D. Ovulatory disorders

Which of the following secretes luteinizing hormone? A. Ovary B. Hypothalamus C. Adrenal glands D. Pituitary gland

D. Pituitary gland

This endovaginal image demonstrates the uterus in which of the following positions? A. Anteflexion B. Retroflexion C. Anteversion D. Retroversion

D. Retroversion

Which ligament attaches the ovary to the pelvic sidewall? A. Round B. Broad C. Cardinal D. Suspensory

D. Suspensory

This endovaginal sonogram is demonstrating which of the following? A. Hydrosalpinx B. Prevesical fluid C. Retrouterine fluid D. Vesicouterine fluid

D. Vesicouterine fluid

The müllerian ducts are responsible for the development of the A. vaginal walls. B. fallopian tubes. C. uterine position. D. endometrial cavity.

D. endometrial cavity.

The uterine arteries arise from the A. renal arteries. B. abdominal aorta. C. suprarenal arteries. D. internal iliac arteries.

D. internal iliac arteries.

The ovaries are generally located A. anterior to the internal and external iliac vessels. B. medial to the external iliac vein and lateral to the internal iliac vein. C. posterior to the external iliac vessels and medial to the internal iliac vessels. D. medial to the external iliac vessels and anterior to the internal iliac vessels.

D. medial to the external iliac vessels and anterior to the internal iliac vessels.

The prevesical space is located posterior to the A. uterus. B. peritoneum. C. urinary bladder. D. symphysis pubis

D. symphysis pubis

A complex adnexal mass in a febrile patient is most likely a(n) A. endometrioma. B. paraovarian cyst. C. hemorrhagic cyst. D. tubo-ovarian absces

D. tubo-ovarian absces