Oceanography: Chapter 4

At what level of Dissolved Oxygen do many organisms become stressed?

5mg

Term used for measuring the height/energy/of a wave?

Amplitude

What is the term used for measuring the height/energy/of a wave?

Amplitude

Smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element.

Atom

What is nitrogen narcosis like?

Being drunk

Which color is the ocean most transparent to?

Blue

How is a tsunami produced?

By earthquakes and other seismic disturbances on the seafloor.

How is a rouge wave produced

Caused by multiple waves meeting at their crests and joining together at the exact same point.

Scientists can track the _ of water over great distances

Circulation

What temperature makes the bottom of the water stable?

Cold

What temperature of water makes gases dissolve better?

Cold

What is the temperature at the bottom?

Cold (More dense)

Currents and waves are also driven by the _ _.

Coriolis Effect

Things do not go in a straight line but bend due to the _ _.

Coriolis Effect

High points of a wave

Crest

What are the high points of a wave called?

Crest

If we come up too fast in the water, what kind of sickness will we have?

Decompression sickness

Bottom layer

Deep

What do you do to help with issues that come along with nitrogen narcosis?

Descend until symptoms clear and avoid depths greater than 60 ft.

How does one measure the wavelength of a wave?

Distance between the crests

A Pure substance that is made of only one type of atom.

Element

What do waves transfer?

Energy

Water transfers _.

Energy (not water)

Wind is driven by heat from the _.

Equator

The water mass in overturn can be traced because it has a certain _ to the column of water.

Fingerprint

Large circles of movement

Gyres

Thermo

Heat

The amount of hear needed to raise the temperature by a certain amount

High heat capacity

The bond that holds water molecules together.

Hydrogen Bonds

Middle layer

Intermediate

An atom or molecule which has gained or lost one or more of its valence electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge.

Ion

Why is transparency important in the ocean?

It provides light energy for photosynthesis

Stuff that the wave is passing through

Medium

Successive high tides of different

Mixed semidiurnal tides

Two or more atoms combined covalently.

Molecule

As you go deeper, what happens to the other colors?

More colors are filtered out/absorbed

2 ways water becomes more dense

More salt and cold temperatures

3 gases that are dissolved in the ocean

Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide

Are all tsunamis bad?

No

Who uses up the oxygen in the ocean?

Organisms

When water is unstable (called 2 different things)

Overturn and Downwelling

What is the treatment for the bends?

Oxygen and hyperbaric chamber

The time it takes for a wave to pass a point

Period (Frequency of a wave)

The most variable winds are the _ _. They are located at high latitudes.

Polar Easterlies

What plots show temperatures v.s. depth or salinity v.s. depth?

Profile

A large wave that appears out of nowhere. This is caused by multiple waves meeting at their crests and joining together.

Rogue water

The salinity may change but the percentage of each ion remains the same.

Rule of constant proportion

When the water mass sinks in overturn, _ doesn't change

Salinity

Halin

Salt

Sharp peaks of a waves

Seas

What are the sharp peaks of waves called?

Seas

When the water is warm on the top and cold on the bottom it is _.

Stable

What messes up the stratification of the ocean?

Storms and Winds

What is the word used for layers of the ocean

Stratify

What two things affect the size of waves?

Strength of the wind and fetch

What is the "medium" for waves in the ocean?

Stuff that the wave is passing through

What is a wave that gets steeper and steeper at the shore and becomes top heavy and then falls forward?

Surf

Top layer

Surface

What are the three layers of the ocean?

Surface, Intermediate, Deep layer

Smooth waves

Swells

What are the smooth waves called?

Swells

Why is the open ocean blue?

There is not a lot of material or organisms to block the light

Driven by density differences or differences in temperature/salinity

Thermohalin

The rhythmic rising and falling of the sea surface.

Tides

What happens at about 1000m or 3270 ft?

Total darkness and blue light gets absorbed

Winds in the atmosphere are driven by solar heat. The warm air at the equator rises, air from adjacent areas is sucked in to replace this rising air (this creates wind). These winds are bent by the Coriolis effect.

Trade Winds

Low points of a wave

Trough

What are the low points of a wave called?

Trough

When the water is cold on the top and warm on the bottom it is _.

Unstable

Why are the trade winds called the TRADE WINDS?

Used by trading ships to sail

What is the temperature of the water on the top layer?

Warm

What temperature makes the top of the water stable?

Warm

What is the universal solvent?

Water

What makes life possible?

Water

Name three ways that salts get in our oceans.

Weathering of rocks on land, volcanoes, or hydrothermal vents

What area experiences the mixed semidiurnal tides?

West Coast

At the middle latitudes, the _ blow opposite of the trade winds. These are variable winds.

Westerlies

At first particles of water in a wave move in circular movement.

When the water particles interact with the bottom near the shore, the circles turn into circular movement.

Surface currents are driven primarily by _.

Wind

What makes the waves?

Wind drives surface currents and causes waves

What makes waves?

Wind drives surface currents and causes waves

The horse latitudes or degrees latitude are at the equator and have very little _.

Winds

Why is Dissolved Oxygen so important to the Chesapeake Bay?

Without Dissolved Oxygen the organisms in the Bat would perish

Why does the bends happen for decompression sickness?

You bend over in pain from the bubbles that shoot from your joints

What really makes the pain in our bodies with the bends?

bubbles

One high tide and one low tide per day

diurnal tides Example: Gulf Coast

Pressure increases as depth of the water _.

increases

The time it takes for a wave to pass a point

period

What do the gyres do for our earth?

regulate climate by transporting heat from tropical area to polar regions. (The gulf stream)

2 high tides and two low tides (Example: East Coast)

semidiurnal tide

What kind of tides do we have on the East Coast

semidiurnal tides

When the sun, moon, and earth form a right angle this is called a _ _.

spring tide

Tides are cause by the gravitational pull of what? (2 things)

sun and moon

It is important that sunlight be able to travel through water because it provides the light energy for photosynthesis. Water is most transparent to blue light. Other colors are absorbed more than blue, as depth increases more of these colors are filtered out. At depths greater than 1,000M even blue light gets absorbed so clear water will appear as total darkness.

transparency

A water wave is called a _ _ because the medium moves at right angle

transverse wave

Just being on the earth, we have how many atms of pressure on us

1

How do we measure salinity? ( there are two ways )

1. Evaporating 1,000 grams of seawater and massing the resulting salts 2. Using instruments to calculate salinity based on how well it conducts electricity

1atm=?ft

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