Organelles involved in Processing Proteins

Package Proteins

1. Some are stored within the Golgi apparatus for later use 2. Some are transported to other organelles 3. Some are carried to the cell membrane and secreted outside the cell

Vesicles

cells need to separate reactants for various chemical reactions until it is time for them to be used these are small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place-to-place within the cell - short-lived - formed and recycled as needed After a protein has been made at the RER, part of the ER pinches off to form the vesicle - protected by the vesicle, the protein can be safely transported to the golgi apparatus

Endoplasmic Reticulum

found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, a large part of the cytoplasm is filled by ER

Golgi apparatus

from the ER, proteins will move to this - this consists of closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins - the membrane contains enzymes that can make additional changes to protein

Lumen

interior space of the ER numerous processes occur here; example, production of proteins and lipids the folds of the endoplasmic reticulum enable it to carry out all of these processes while not taking up too much room in the cell 2 types of ER: smooth (SER)- do not contain ribosomes, involvedin making lipids, drug and alcohol detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism rough (RER)- ribosomes are bound to the ER giving it a bumpy/ rough appearance, involved with protein synthesis, packages proteins for transport

Nucleus

storehouse for most of the genetic information (DNA) in your cells DNA contains genes thar are instructions for making the primary structure of a protein Two Major demands of nucleus: 1. DNA must be carefully protected 2. Must be available for use at the proper times Nuclear Envelope- double membrane that encloses the nucleus Nuclear Pores- openings in the nuclear envelope that allows large molecules to move between the molecules and cytoplasm Nucleolus- found inside the nucleus, dense region of the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled

Ribosomes

tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins, site of protein synthesis and active participants in protein synthesis Ribosomes can be found: - attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum -suspended in the cytoplasm