Organization change and design

Which of the following is not one of the four categories of culture? Mission Clan Adaptability Flexibility

Flexibility

Covington Inc. is a retail chain based in Ireland that has implemented an energy-efficient trucking fleet. The company is increasing its use of green materials in buildings, and aims to dispose all the waste of the company by 2030. Which of the following measures is Covington Inc. focusing its efforts on? Scientific management Going green Centralization Contingency

Going green

_____ describes who reports to whom, as well as the span of control for each manager. Administrative principles Scientific management Organizational technology Hierarchy of authority

Hierarchy of authority

Which of the following occurs when organization members actually use a new idea, technique, or behavior? Implementation Creativity Sustainability Standardization

Implementation

Which of the following statements is a difference between the domestic and international stages of international development? The domestic stage is export-oriented, while the international stage is globally oriented. The domestic stage is structural, while the international stage is functional. In the domestic stage, managers are concerned about international competitive positioning, while in the international stage, managers consider initial foreign involvement. In the domestic stage, the market potential is limited, while in the international stage, the market potential is large.

In the domestic stage, the market potential is limited, while in the international stage, the market potential is large.

Which of the following statements describes a strength of a functional structure? It results in more innovation. It has quick response time to environmental changes. It allows economies of scale within functional departments. It leads to exceptional horizontal coordination among departments.

It allows economies of scale within functional departments.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a multidomestic strategy? It delegates responsibility and decision-making authority in some areas, such as adapting products or services to meet local needs. It allows a company to take responsibility for global operations in its specific product area. It encourages product design, assembly, and marketing tailored to the specific needs of each country. It enables an organization to achieve multinational flexibility and rapid response.

It encourages product design, assembly, and marketing tailored to the specific needs of each country.

Which of the following statements describes a simple, stable environment? It has few external elements that change rapidly. It has many external elements that change slowly. It has few external elements that change slowly. It has many external elements that change rapidly.

It has few external elements that change slowly.

Which of the following statements best describes the elaboration stage of organizational life cycle? It is the life cycle stage in which employees identify with the mission of the organization and spend long hours helping the organization succeed. It is the life cycle stage in which an organization is born and its emphasis is on creating a product and surviving in the marketplace. It is the life cycle stage that involves the installation and use of rules, procedures, and control systems. It is a mature stage of the life cycle in which a red tape crisis is resolved through the development of a new sense of teamwork and collaboration.

It is a mature stage of the life cycle in which a red tape crisis is resolved through the development of a new sense of teamwork and collaboration.

Which of the following is true of a divisional structure? It is a centralized structural form. It is also known as chain of command. It is also called a U-form (unitary) structure. It is used to promote flexibility and change.

It is used to promote flexibility and change.

Apollo Corp. and Ares Solutions Inc. are two computer manufacturers that share with each other the details of commonly occurring issues and customer complaints. This enables them to work together and provide better service to their customers and also saves the time required to diagnose the issues. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate? A Trade association A Collaborative network Resource dependence Normative forces

A Collaborative network

Apollo Systems and Artemis Corporation are two computer manufacturers that share with one another the details of commonly occurring issues and customer complaints. This allows them to work together and provide better service to their customers. It also saves the time that is required to diagnose the issues. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate? Resource dependence Normative forces A Collaborative network A Trade association

A Collaborative network

_____ refers to searching out and analyzing data from multiple sources across the enterprise, and increasingly from outside sources as well, to identify patterns and relationships that might be significant. Data warehousing Data mining Data processing Data entry

Data mining

Which of the following statements is a characteristic of a complex, stable environment? It has a lower uncertainty level than the simple, stable environment. External elements do not change rapidly in this environment. Only a few elements need to be considered for an organization to perform well. It has only a few external environments.

External elements do not change rapidly in this environment.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a functional organizational structure? It cannot work in small organizations. It has a strong need for horizontal coordination. It often results in hierarchy overload. It reacts quickly to environmental changes.

It often results in hierarchy overload.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a global matrix structure? It provides a fairly straightforward way to effectively manage a variety of businesses and products around the world. It coordinates sales and marketing initiatives across all geographic locations. It separates the world into geographic regions, with each geographic division reporting to the CEO. It provides a way to achieve vertical and horizontal coordination simultaneously along two dimensions.

It provides a way to achieve vertical and horizontal coordination simultaneously along two dimensions.

Which of the following statements is true regarding environmental complexity? It refers to the number and dissimilarity of external elements. The number of companies in an organization's domain do not affect its complexity. It refers to homogeneity Industry changes do not contribute to environmental complexity.

It refers to the number and dissimilarity of external elements.

Which of the following statements is a reason for a mimetic process to occur in an organization? Managers face high uncertainty. Managers are old-fashioned and stick to their original approach. Managers are unaware of the innovations occurring in the environment. Managers face high risks by supporting innovation.

Managers face high uncertainty.

Artemis Corporation is an automobile manufacturing company that tried to increase its sales by releasing car models with new interior materials and color schemes. In the light of its huge success, other automobile manufacturers began doing the same. Which of the following mechanisms for institutional adaptation is best illustrated in this scenario? Normative forces Mimetic forces Coercive forces Generic forces

Mimetic forces

Ashweather Corp. is an automobile manufacturing company that tried to increase its sales by releasing car models with new colors. Observing its enormous success, other automobile manufacturers began doing the same. Which of the following mechanisms for institutional adaptation is best demonstrated in this scenario? Generic forces Coercive forces Mimetic forces Normative forces

Mimetic forces

_____ have high task variety, and the conversion process is not analyzable or well understood. Nonroutine technologies Craft technologies Engineering technologies Routine technologies

Nonroutine technologies

Which of the following statements is not a vital component in the definition of organization structure? Organization structure identifies the grouping together of individuals into departments and of departments into the total organization. Organization structure designates formal reporting relationships, including the number of levels in the hierarchy and the span of control of managers and supervisors. Organization structure identifies the tasks, functions, and processes for each department and position within the organization. Organization structure includes the design systems to ensure effective communication, coordination, and integration of effort across departments.

Organization structure identifies the tasks, functions, and processes for each department and position within the organization.

The matrix structure is the correct structure when three conditions are met. Which of the following statements describes one of these three conditions? The environmental domain of the organization is simple. Pressure exists to share scarce resources across product lines. The environmental domain of the organization is certain and stable. Technical quality is not very important.

Pressure exists to share scarce resources across product lines.

_____ specify labels to explain the internal characteristics of an organization. Functional dimensions Contingency factors Administrative principles Structural dimensions

Structural dimensions

Which of the following components is an external element that contributes to environmental complexity? Employees Suppliers Board of directors Managers

Suppliers

Which of the following theories contend that organizations try to reduce their reliance on other organizations for the supply of important resources and try to influence the environment to make resources available? The Economic supply theory The Resource-retention theory The Resource-dependence theory The Environmental resource theory

The Resource-dependence theory

Which of the following is a difference between the international division and the domestic division of a company? The international division uses a global matrix structure, while the domestic division does not use a global matrix structure. The international division is placed above other divisions and departments within the company, while the domestic division has a status equal to other major departments or divisions within the company. The international division is organized according to geographic interests, while the domestic division is typically organized along functional or product lines. The international division does not have its own hierarchy to handle business, while the domestic division has its own hierarchy to handle business.

The international division is organized according to geographic interests, while the domestic division is typically organized along functional or product lines.

Which of the following crises is faced by organizations in the entrepreneurial stage? The need for delegation The need for leadership The need to deal with too much red tape The need for revitalization

The need for leadership

Which of the following statements is true of an organization with decentralized control? The organization uses detailed rules and procedures and formal control systems. The organization places great emphasis on the selection and socialization of employees. The organization assumes that people are incapable of self-discipline and cannot be trusted. The organization emphasizes extrinsic rewards, and task-related job descriptions are given to employees.

The organization places great emphasis on the selection and socialization of employees.

Which of the following statements is true of large firms? They are generally more customized. They are able to weather economic woes more efficiently. They are badly affected by disasters and take time to recover. They have lower productivity compared to small firms.

They are able to weather economic woes more efficiently.

Which of the following statements is true of contingency factors? They describe the organizational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions. They create a basis for measuring and comparing organizations. They describe who reports to whom and the span of control for each manager. They provide labels to describe the internal characteristics of an organization.

They describe the organizational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions.

Which of the following statements is true in regard to contingency factors? They outline who reports to whom and the span of control for each manager. They form a basis for measuring and comparing organizations. They explain the organizational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions. They give labels to describe the internal characteristics of an organization.

They explain the organizational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions.

Perrow specified which of the following? Two aspects of the environment that call for a particular organizational structure Three types of interdependence: pooled, sequential, and reciprocal Two dimensions of departmental activities: variety and analyzability Three categories of technical complexity present in organizations

Two dimensions of departmental activities: variety and analyzability

Vikki is the brand manager for a game software developer. Her job requires her to coordinate several aspects of the brand, right from the design to the distribution of the product. Although she does not report to any of the teams being coordinated, she still plays an active role in managing the product. In the context of horizontal linkages, Vikki is _____. a team leader a full-time integrator a liaison the head of a task force

a full-time integrator

At Software Solutions, employees are encouraged to solve their problems by working with other employees and with customers, using their own judgment to make decisions. From this information, it can be understood that Software Solutions is a _____ organization. mechanistic decentralized centralized bureaucratic

decentralized

Aside from dynamism and abundance, the third dimension that contributes to the changes in an organization's environment is _____. hierarchy variability transparency complexity

complexity

The Research and Development Unit of Aquarius Connections, a multinational electronic brand, has released another update to Aquarius XI, a smartphone. This latest update is their fourth within a year. This adaptation to environmental shift is an example of the company's response to _____. disruptive change episodic change annual change continuous change

continuous change

Oil refineries, liquor producers, chemical plants, and nuclear power plants are all illustrations of _____. mass production continuous-process production large-batch production unit production

continuous-process production

With _____, decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization levels. centralization task forces decentralization full-time integration

decentralization

According to Miles and Snow's strategy typology, the ____ is concerned with stability or retrenchment. defender strategy innovation strategy prospector strategy differentiation strategy

defender strategy

According to the Woodward studies, differences in structure across technologies appeared to be associated with organizational effectiveness successful firms using continuous-process technology had mechanistic structures size is the most important determinant of organizational structure successful firms using mass production technology had organic structures

differences in structure across technologies appeared to be associated with organizational effectiveness

From the perspective of Porter's strategy model, a(n) ____ can decrease rivalry with competitors and alleviate the threat of substitute products because customers are loyal to a company's brand. low-cost leadership strategy integration strategy consolidative strategy differentiation strategy

differentiation strategy

Service organizations can realize their greatest economies through: centralization of services. centralized decision making with a high formalization. disaggregation into small units located close to customers. geographic concentration.

disaggregation into small units located close to customers.

Organizations that operate under the resource-dependence philosophy will: succeed by emphasizing interdependence with other companies, thereby establishing lasting relationships. do whatever is needed to avoid dependence on the environment, thereby reducing uncertainty. set up dependencies when they become more self-reliant, thereby maximizing autonomy. withdraw control over external resources, thereby maximizing dependence.

do whatever is needed to avoid dependence on the environment, thereby reducing uncertainty.

The point of the _____ is that many organizations must adopt frequent management changes and need to be structured differently from organizations that rely on frequent technical and product changes for competitive advantage. top-down approach dual-core approach ambidextrous approach horizontal coordination approach

dual-core approach

The _____ indicates that product design, manufacturing, and marketing strategy are standardized across the planet, which is less costly than creating different products for different markets. multidomestic strategy globalization strategy export strategy standardization strategy

globalization strategy

Which approach to organizational effectiveness is concerned with the output side and whether an organization achieves its objectives in terms of desired levels of output? resource-based approach goal approach analytical approach internal process approach

goal approach

Joe Hunter is the CEO of a cigar manufacturing company. He and his employees experienced a major loss when tobacco products were banned in his country. Joe's organization was impacted by changes in the _____. international sector government sector technological environment economic environment

government sector

Joyce Aims is the CEO of a cigarette manufacturing company. She and her employees suffered a major loss when all tobacco products were banned in her country. Joyce's organization was affected by changes in the _____. economic environment government sector international sector technological environment

government sector

Stephen is the CEO of a chain of fast food restaurants that operates all over the U.S. It comes to his notice that one of the branches in Kansas City has received a lot of complaints from customers who claim that the staff is rude and the service is delayed. Stephen arranges to get feedback from customers of the branch in question. In the context of the incremental decision model, Stephen is in the _____ phase of the decision sequence. selection development evaluation identification

identification

According to Daft, the resource-based approach to effectiveness places emphasis on the: sales targets of an organization. achievement of profitability. output of an organization. input into an organization.

input into an organization.

Mountain Frost Springs is a brand of bottled water in India. Akram, the marketing manager at Mountain Frost Springs, is aware of the global environment and is considering initial foreign involvement in the United States to expand production volume and realize economies of scale. Mountain Frost Springs is in the _____ stage of international development. international global multinational domestic

international

From the perspective of Porter's strategy model, a(n) ____ is primarily concerned with stability rather than taking risks or seeking new opportunities for innovation and growth. low-cost leadership strategy innovation strategy differentiation strategy prospector strategy

low-cost leadership strategy

An organizational design with high complexity, high centralization and high formalization is needed if the technology of the organization is: All of these are correct mass/large batch continuous/process job-order/small batch

mass/large batch

Travis Johnston is the marketing manager of Mountain Food Stores, a chain of grocery stores in Kentucky. Each year, Travis is required to make a decision on whether the current advertising campaign needs to be revamped to generate the sales targets for the year. In order to help him arrive at a decision, Travis reads up on latest shopping trends of buyers, observing buying habits of customers, and reviewing daily sales figures. In this scenario, Travis is _____. monitoring the decision environment diagnosing the problem defining the decision problem specifying decision objectives

monitoring the decision environment

Penrose Inc. is an American corporation that provides business consulting, information technology, and outsourcing services. The company has extensive experience in a number of international markets and has established facilities in several foreign countries. Penrose Inc. is in the _____ stage of international development. global domestic multinational international

multinational

Jones & Bradley is a broadcasting company based in the United Kingdom. The company has 85 employees. Information flows in all directions within and across departments and hierarchical levels. The rules and regulations at Jones & Bradley are flexibly applied. Jones & Bradley follows a(n) _____ design. mechanistic vertical specialized organic

organic

An important advantage of a smart factory is that: employee involvement is much less. one product can be produced at a time, making it easier for employees to operate the machines involved in production. products of different sizes, types, and customer requirements freely intermingle on the assembly line. little training is required.

products of different sizes, types, and customer requirements freely intermingle on the assembly line.

Spartan Inc., a software development firm, makes its new hires walk a marathon across the city of Athens in order to demonstrate the determination of the employees. After the marathon, they are asked to recount their experiences and describe how this event has motivated them to work hard. This scenario illustrates a _____. mission culture clan culture rite of renewal rite of passage

rite of passage

The Internal Revenue's Verification Department observes and double-checks the calculations on returns and makes note of any discrepancies. According to Perrow, this department fits into the category of _____. routine technologies craft technologies engineering technologies nonroutine technologies

routine technologies

The Verification Department of the Internal Revenue Service checks the calculations on returns and notes any discrepancies. According to Perrow, this department fits into the category of _____. nonroutine technologies none of the above craft technologies routine technologies engineering technologies

routine technologies

Zeus Motors, a car manufacturing company, wants to change its production operations strategy. Currently, in the company, an employee adds a part to the car frame and then sends it to another employee to add another part. This process continues until they get the final product, a complete car. The management wants to divide the employees into teams where each team is responsible for building an entire car. If Zeus Motors implements the change, the interrelationships would change from: Reciprocal interdependence on the line to sequential interdependence between the teams. Sequential interdependence on the line to pooled interdependence between the teams. Sequential interdependence on the line to reciprocal interdependence between teams. Pooled interdependence on the line to reciprocal interdependence between the teams.

sequential interdependence on the line to pooled interdependence between the teams.

The chief contingency that shapes whether an organization will function best with an organic or a mechanistic design is: the degree of stability in the organization. the degree of uncertainty in the external environment. the levels of hierarchy in the organization. the ease of communication in the internal environment.

the degree of uncertainty in the external environment.

Katie is currently employed at Superior Motors. At Superior Motors, the management's principal goals are increasing the ratio of output to input, using the resources used to produce a unit of output efficiently, and generating more revenue than the expenses. Superior Motors' management values are represented by _____. the human relations emphasis the rational goal emphasis the internal process emphasis the open systems emphasis

the rational goal emphasis

When considering Miles and Snow's strategy typology, it is understood that the prospector strategy: attempts to maintain a stable business environment by finding a middle ground between stability and innovation. most closely resembles Porter's low-cost leadership strategy. responds to environmental threats in an ad hoc fashion without revealing a clear strategy. seeks innovation or risk taking and is therefore best suited to a dynamic environment.

vseeks innovation or risk taking and is therefore best suited to a dynamic environment.