Organizational Behavior Exam 2 Study Guide

Integrative negotiation

a host of interests are considered, resulting in an agreement that is satisfactory for both parties

Conciliation

a neutral third party informally acts as a communication conduit between disputing parties

Peer review

a panel of trustworthy co-workers hears both sides of a dispute in an informal and confidential meeting and may make binding decisions depending on the company

Communication Competence

a perform-based index of an individual's abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context

Facilitation

a third party informally urges disputing parties to deal directly with each other in a positive and constructive manner

Arbitration

a third party neutral makes final and binding decision based on legal merits

Mediation

a trained, third party neutral actively guides the disputing parties in exploring innovative solutions to the conflict to help the disputants to reach a mutually acceptable decision

Waypower

achieving the goal. Need to set alternative paths to achieve the goal

Restorative justice

an approach to justice where one of the responses to a crime is to organize a meeting between the victim and the offender

Implicit Bias

any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness; causes us to make biased decisions without realizing we are doing so

Formal Groups

assigned by an organization or its managers to accomplish specific goals

Temperance

balance in an organization's practices

Verbal Communication

communication that uses written or spoken words

Nonverbal Communication

communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech

Rumination

dwelling on past or current challenges

Task roles

enable the work group to define, clarify, and pursue a common purpose

Maintenance roles (keep the group together)

encourager, harmonizer, compromiser, gatekeeper, standard setter, commentator, follower

Informal Groups

exists when members' overriding purpose in getting together is friendship or a common interest

Positive OB

focuses on positive human characteristics that can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement

Willpower

having a goal and the determination to achieve it

Efficacy

having the confidence to take on challenging tasks and put in the effort necessary to succeed

Outcomes of Positive Emotions

help build social, psychological, and physical resources. Combat negative emotions. Broaden your mindset, open you to consider new things. Have benefits which endure over long periods of time.

Know what happens when you balance positive and negative emotions

if "x" happens then I'll do "y": think about the bright side of things and that everything happens for a reason; failure is a setback and you accomplish and move forward more when you balance these emotions

Task roles ( keep the ground on track)

initiator, information seeker, opinion seeker, elaborator, orientor, coordinator, evaluator, energizer, procedural technician, recorder

Distributive negotiation

involves a single issue (a fixed pie) in which one person gains at the expense of another

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)

it uses faster more user friendly method of dispute resolution

Optimism

making a positive attribution about succeeding now and in the future

Virtual teams

members work across time, space, and organizational boundaries to achieve common goals

Pro social behavior

positive acts performed without expectation of anything in return

Positive psychological capital (psycap)

possess considerable hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO)

Hope

preserving towards goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths in order to succeed

Self efficacy

represents your confidence in your ability to achieve; influences the way you perceive the world around you and your ability to deal with challenges and opportunities

Ombudsman

someone who works for the organization, and is widely respected and trusted by his or her coworkers, hears grievances on a confidential basis and attempts to arrange a solution

Compassion

sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others

Trust

the act of sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome

Mindfulness

the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgemental to the unfolding of experience moment by moment

Resilience

when hampered by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond to obtaining success

Foster psychologically safe environment

- assuring the leaders are inclusive and accessible - celebrating and reinforcing the value and differences between group members and their ideas - hiring and developing people who are comfortable expressing their ideas and are receptive of others

Examples of Nonverbal Communication

- body movement and gestures - touch - facial expressions - eye contact

Functional conflict

- constructive - cooperative - consultative interactions - focus on the issue - mutual respect - give and take

Types of ADR

- facilitation - conciliation - peer review - ombudsman - mediation - arbitration

Know what helps psychological safety

- foster psychologically safe environment - shared belief held by team members to that team

A shared belief held by team members that the team

- is a safe place for interpersonal risk taking - captures the sense of confidence that the team will not embarrass, reject, or punish someone for speaking up

Types of virtual teams

- relationships - communication - decision making - leadership - diversity

Global values that are essential for promoting positive OB

- restorative justice - compassion - temperance

Roles important to groups

- task roles - maintenance roles

Dysfunctional conflict

- threaten or diminish an organization's interest - absenteenism - turnover - unionization - litigation

Ethical Tactics Used in negotiations

- trustful without being misleading - limit counterproductive emotions - avoid group pressure - honor promises - respect relationships - seek council

How to reduce conflict and intergroup conflict

- work to eliminate specific negative interactions - conduct team building - encourage and facilitate friendships via social events - foster positive attitudes; compassion and empathy - avoid or neutralize negative gossip resolution - be a role model