Pain

A nurse is caring for a group of clients on the pediatric unit. For which of the following clients should the nurse use the FLACC Pain Scale to determine their pain level? (STA) *A 12-year-old client who has had an appendectomy *A 3-year-old toddler who has a fractured femur *A 6-day-old infant who had a surgical repair of a heart defect *A 14-year-old client who has severe cognitive and developmental delays *A 5-year-old preschooler who is experiencing pain during a sickle cell crisis

*A 3-year-old toddler who has a fractured femur *A 14-year-old client who has severe cognitive and developmental delays *A 5-year-old preschooler who is experiencing pain during a sickle cell crisis

A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney stones. Which of the following manifestations is an objective indicator of pain? *The client is diaphoretic. *The client is experiencing stabbing pain. *The client is nauseated. *The client states feeling dizzy.

The client is diaphoretic. *The nurse should identify that sweating is an objective manifestation of pain. Objective data is information the nurse can gather by using their five senses. Sweating can be visually noticed by the nurse.

A nurse is evaluating a client's pain level using the PQRST mnemonic. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the evaluate the letter "R"? *"Can you rate your pain on a scale of 0 to10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain you can imagine?" *"Can you point to where you are having your pain?" *"What does your pain feel like?" *"What were you doing when your pain started?"

"Can you point to where you are having your pain?" *The nurse should use the PQRST mnemonic to obtain more information about the client's pain. This question evaluates the region of the client's pain.

A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions for a client who has a prescription for morphine oral solution 10 to 20 mg every 4 hr PRN. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions? *"I can use the morphine as needed as long as I don't take it more than six times a day." *"I will use my household teaspoon to measure the correct amount of morphine." *"I will monitor for high blood pressure while taking the morphine." *"I will keep the morphine bottle in a locked cabinet in my kitchen."

"I will keep the morphine bottle in a locked cabinet in my kitchen." *Morphine is a medication that carries significant risks to others, including children, and should only be accessible and used by the client for whom it is prescribed. Storing the medication in a high cabinet prevents accidental access to the morphine by others.

A nurse is planning to teach coworkers about the legal and ethical principles used with pain management. Which of the following examples should the nurse include as an example of autonomy? *A nurse allows a client to wait longer for their pain medication than other clients. *A nurse does not properly clean a vial of pain medication prior to withdrawing medication from the vial, which results in the client contracting an infection. *A nurse administers scheduled pain medication and provides therapeutic distraction techniques for a client in pain. *A nurse provides a client with the opportunity to take an intramuscular injection or oral medication for pain relief.

A nurse provides a client with the opportunity to take an intramuscular injection or oral medication for pain relief. *This is an example of autonomy. The nurse is providing the client their right of self-determination by permitting the client an ability to make an informed decision.

A nurse is discussing end-of-life pain management with a group of coworkers. Which of the following should the nurse include as barriers to end-of -life pain management?(STA) *Fear of addiction *Belief that pain is an expected part of their illness *Inability to sleep *Lack of support *Inadequate pain assessment

Fear of addiction Belief that pain is an expected part of their illness Inadequate pain assessment

A nurse is discussing the use of heat therapy with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should include that heat therapy is effective for which of the following conditions? (STA) *Muscular pain *Active bleeding *Backache *Menstrual discomfort *Swollen extremity

Muscular pain Backache Menstrual discomfort

A nurse is monitoring a client who is 2 hr postoperative and is receiving via PCA pump. Which of the following finding should the nurse plan to monitor to detect opioid-induced ventilatory impairment (OIVI)? (STA) *Bowel sounds *Deep tendon reflexes *Respiratory rate *Capnography *Oxygen saturation

Respiratory rate Capnography Oxygen saturation

A nurse is caring for a client who reports muscle pain to the lower back that has persisted for over a year after a moto-vehicle crash. In which way should the nurse categorize this client's pain? *Cancer pain *Acute pain *Chronic pain *Neuropathic pain

Chronic pain *Chronic pain is pain that has been present usually for 3 to 6 months or longer after the injury or damage has healed. Examples of chronic pain are arthritis pain or pain from a back injury. Chronic pain can physically and emotionally debilitate a client.

A nurse is discussing the FLACC scale with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following categories should the nurse include? (STA) *Face *Legs *Alert *Circulation *Consolability

Face Legs Consolability

A nurse is teaching staff about ethical principle of justice and how it relates to pain management for clients. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? *"Justice allows the client the freedom of choice." *"Justice allows the client the opportunity to be treated fairly." *"Justice is causing no harm to the client." *"Justice is doing good for the client."

"Justice allows the client the opportunity to be treated fairly." *Justice requires that all clients be treated fairly in regard to their pain management regardless of age, ethnicity, or history, such as substance use disorder or limited social and economic resources. Pain relief should be available to all clients.

A nurse is reviewing a new prescription with a client who reports difficulty managing their chronic pain. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? *"You should write down the pain interventions you use and your pain rating before and after." *"You should understand that it is impossible to fix everyone's pain." *"Your provider is best at determining whether your pain treatments are effective." *"Your care partner should manage your pain control because you are unable."

"You should write down the pain interventions you use and your pain rating before and after." *Keeping a pain diary or a pain log can be helpful for the client to determine if medications or treatments are helping over time.

A nurse is discussing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment with a client who has chronic lower back pain. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? (STA) *"You can be taught how to use TENS therapy at home." *"We will insert very small sterile needles into your skin to block your pain." *"This therapy may result in you having some temporary bruising at the site of application." *"The TENS therapy delivers low-voltage electrical impulses to the skin over the painful areas." *"We will adjust the intensity, pulse rate, and duration of the electrical pulses during your therapy."

*"You can be taught how to use TENS therapy at home." *"The TENS therapy delivers low-voltage electrical impulses to the skin over the painful areas." *"We will adjust the intensity, pulse rate, and duration of the electrical pulses during your therapy."

A nurse is assessing a client who is nonverbal for the presence of pain. Which of the following findings indicate an increased level of discomfort? (STA) *Grimacing *Restlessness *Elevated temperature *Increased diaphoresis *Bradycardia

*Grimacing *Restlessness *Increased diaphoresis

A charge nurse is reviewing factors that can affects a client's perception of pain with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following should the charge nurse include? (STA) *Stress *Dietary practices *Culture *Social support *Disease severity

*Stress *Culture *Social support *Disease severity

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for heat therapy for knee pain. The nurse should apply heat therapy to the client's knee for how long? *60 min *20 min *30 min *45 min

20 min *The nurse should apply heat therapy for no more 20 min at a time with at least a 20-min break after usage.

A nurse is evaluating a group of clients who are experiencing pain. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as experiencing neuropathic pain? *A client who has osteoarthritis and reports difficulty ambulating for the past 6 months *A client who had surgery to repair a fractured tibia and reports incisional pain *A client who has diabetes mellitus and reports bilateral burning foot pain without signs of injury *A hospice client who has prostate cancer and reports pelvic pain

A client who has diabetes mellitus and reports bilateral burning foot pain without signs of injury *Neuropathic pain is often referred to as nerve pain and arises from the somatosensory system. Neuropathic pain includes diabetic neuropathy, phantom limb pain, and pain associated with a spinal cord injury. Neuropathic pain is frequently described as intense, shooting, or burning.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for hydromorphone 1 to 2 mg IM every 4 hr as needed for a pain rating of 4 to 6 on a 0 to 10 scale. The client has never taken hydromorphone before. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? *Administer 1 mg IM. *Request a prescription to give the medication IV instead. *Request a prescription for a different medication. *Administer 2 mg IM.

Administer 1 mg IM. *When a client has a prescription that includes a range, and the client has never taken the medication previously, the nurse should administer the lowest dose to the client. If the dose is ineffective, the nurse can increase the dosage up to the maximum amount in the range prescribed by the provider.

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery and has a morphine PCA pump. Which of the following medications should the nurse ensure is available in case the client develops respiratory depression? *Naloxone *Lidocaine *Prednisone *Amitriptyline

Naloxone *Naloxone is a reversal agent for respiratory depression caused by opioids. It works quickly to reverse the effects of opioids on the client's respiratory system.

A nurse is caring for a client who has severe pain and repeatedly ask for pain medication. The nurse is busy and forgets to assess the client's pain and administer prescribed pain medication. Which of the following can the nurse be charged with? *Malpractice *Negligence *Nonmaleficence *Beneficence

Negligence *Negligence means failure to perform in a manner that a reasonable person would have. By failing to assess the client's pain and administer the client's pain medication, the nurse was negligent.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for oxycodone 5 to 10 mg PO every 4 to 6 hr as needed for pain rating 7 to 10 on a 0 to 10 scale. Fifteen minutes after receiving the dose, the client reports to the nurse their pain is still a 7 and has not changed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? *Administer another 5-mg dose of the oral opioid now. *Administer 10 mg of oxycodone every 2 hr. *Inform the provider that the client's pain medication is not effective. *Offer to assist the client with nonpharmacological relief strategies.

Offer to assist the client with nonpharmacological relief strategies. *The oxycodone would not have had time to peak and to be effective after 15 min. The nurse should offer to assist the client with nonpharmacological pain relief strategies until the medication has had time to work. Oral oxycodone peak effects should be noted 60 to 90 min after administration.

A nurse is discussing cutaneous stimulation with a client who has back pain. Which of the following methods should the nurse include? (STA) *Transcutaneous electronic stimulating unit (TENS unit) *Distraction techniques *Massage *Acupuncture *Cold therapy

Transcutaneous electronic stimulating unit (TENS unit) Massage Acupuncture Cold therapy

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a cognitive impairment and is postoperative. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? *Use the Crying, Requires Oxygen, Increases Vital Signs, Expression, Sleeplessness (CRIES) pain scale. *Reassure family members that older adult clients have a decreased ability to sense pain. *Evaluate the client for pain by observing their behavior. *Assign a pain scale number based on the FACES pain scale.

Evaluate the client for pain by observing their behavior. *Clients who have cognitive impairment might be unable to appropriately report their pain. The nurse should observe for behaviors that suggest pain is present such as guarding, grimacing, restlessness, and other behavioral changes.

A nurse is assisting with a staff in-service regarding pain control. Which of the following statements by a staff member indicates an understanding of the information? (STA) *"A client's religious beliefs might affect the way they respond to pain." *"Herbal therapies are not permitted for a client receiving prescription pain medication." *"The client's past pain experiences are not related to their current pain and pain management." *"If a client can rate their pain using a numeric pain scale, there is no need to note nonverbal findings." *"Pain control might be harder to achieve if the nurse and client speak different primary languages."

"A client's religious beliefs might affect the way they respond to pain." "The client's past pain experiences are not related to their current pain and pain management." "Pain control might be harder to achieve if the nurse and client speak different primary languages."

A nurse is providing end-of-life care for a client who is unresponsive and near death. The client's family asks the nurse about managing the client's pain. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the client's family? *"Your family member will not require pain medication." *"Your family member can inform the provider about their decision for pain management." *"Your family member has the right to receive effective pain management." *"Your family member will not be able to tolerate the effects of pain medications."

"Your family member has the right to receive effective pain management." *According to the American Society for Pain Management Nursing and the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association position statement, end-of-life effective pain management is a basic human right. Clients who are receiving end-of-life care should receive special consideration for pain management.

A nurse is reviewing information for several clients on the unit. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at greatest risk for respiratory depression? *A client who has chronic pain and recently started taking paroxetine *A client who has cancer and has taken oxycodone PRN for several months *A client who has been accidentally taking twice the amount of prednisone as prescribed *A client who had surgery 3 hr ago and is receiving IV hydromorphone PRN

A client who had surgery 3 hr ago and is receiving IV hydromorphone PRN *Use of an opioid medication can decrease the respiratory rate, and the first 4 hr postoperative are when the client is at highest risk for surgical complications. Therefore, the nurse should identify that the client who had surgery 3 hr ago and is receiving IV hydromorphone is at greatest risk for respiratory depression.

A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for several clients who are receiving treatment for pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take to evaluate the clients' pain control?(STA) *Consider each client's cultural preferences. *Determine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological strategies. *Record the clients' subjective reports rather than the nurse's objective observations. *Recognize that older adult clients over-report their pain level. *Use a pain scale specific to each client's cognitive abilities.

Consider each client's cultural preferences. Determine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological strategies. Use a pain scale specific to each client's cognitive abilities.