Patho Concept, Scope, and Common Terms of Pathophysiology Sherpath Lesson

Which accurately describes a precipitating factor? A factor that causes signs and symptoms to subside Additional problems that arise after the onset of the disease A condition that triggers an acute episode related to the disease The measures used to promote recovery or slow the progression of a disease

A condition that triggers an acute episode related to the disease A precipitating factor is a condition that triggers an acute episode related to a disease, such as a patient being exposed to and allergen causing an asthma exacerbation.

Which describes a disease? An abnormal finding from a pathological test An irregularity in a person's anatomy and physiology The way in which an imbalance in the body manifests, spreads, or advances A deviation from the normal limits, structure, or function of any part of the body, or from a state of health

A deviation from the normal limits, structure, or function of any part of the body, or from a state of health A disease is a deviation from the normal limits, structure, or function of any part of the body, or from a state of health.term-48

Which is an accurate description of an insidious disease? A disease that has no clinical signs or symptoms A disease that is short term and develops quickly A disease that is considered mild and persists for a long time A disease that has a gradual progression with mild or vague signs and symptoms

A disease that has a gradual progression with mild or vague signs and symptoms Insidious is the term used to describe a disease that has a gradual progression with mild or vague signs and symptoms. For example, hypertension can be an insidious disease because it has several nonspecific symptoms.

Which statement best describes sequelae? A period of recovery A possible and unwanted outcome Therapeutic interventions or treatment measures Additional problems that arise after the onset of the disease

A possible and unwanted outcome Sequelae are possible and unwanted outcomes, such as paralysis following a stroke.

Which describes the difference between a sign and a symptom? A sign is a local manifestation of a disease; a symptom is a widespread marker that indicates illness. A sign is an unwanted outcome of the disease; a symptom is a period of recovery. A sign is a marker that indicates a disease is subsiding; a symptom is a marker that indicates a disease is progressing. A sign is a manifestation that can be measured and are objective; a symptom is a subjective feeling that the patient experiences.

A sign is a manifestation that can be measured and are objective; a symptom is a subjective feeling that the patient experiences. Signs are measurable and observable indicators of a disease, such as a fever or swelling. Symptoms are the things that patients feel and experience, such as pain or nausea.

Match the term to its correct definition. A stage of a disease when no clinical signs are present A state when pathologic changes occur without obvious manifestations Early development of a disease with nonspecific signs A local change in tissue, such as blister

A stage of a disease when no clinical signs are present- Latent A state when pathologic changes occur without obvious manifestations- Subclinical Early development of a disease with nonspecific signs- Prodromal A local change in tissue, such as blister- Lesion

A patient presents with appendicitis, which is causing him severe pain. According to the health care provider, the onset of the appendicitis was sudden and abrupt. Which is the term used to describe the development of the patient's appendicitis? Acute Chronic Subclinical Prodromal

Acute Acute is the correct term to describe how the patient's appendicitis developed. Acute means a short-term illness that develops quickly with obvious signs and symptoms, such as severe pain.

Which are factors that affect normal limits? Select all that apply. Age Gender Disease state Environment Athletic ability

Age Age is a factor that can affect an individual's normal limits. Older adults may have a different set of normal limits than toddlers. Gender Gender is a factor that can affect an individual's normal limits. Women, for instance, have a lower hemoglobin level than men. Environment Environment is a factor that can affect an individual's normal limits. For instance, a person living in higher altitude is expected to have higher levels of hemoglobin than one living in lower altitude. Athletic ability Athletic ability is a factor that can affect an individual's normal limits. For instance, athletes have lower resting heart rates.

Which are considered predisposing factors? Select all that apply. Age Diet Gender Exercise Vaccinations Occupational exposure

Age Age is a predisposing factor. For instance, older individuals may be at higher risk of getting some diseases, such as coronary artery disease, than younger individuals. Diet Diet is a predisposing factor. For example, a diet that is low in iron can predispose a person to microcytic anemia. Gender Gender is a predisposing factor. For instance, females are more at risk of systemic lupus erythematosus than males. Occupational exposure Occupational exposure is a predisposing factor. For example, if someone works in a warehouse where they inhale chemicals and fumes all day, this can predispose them to lung or skin conditions.

Which understanding and background knowledge is required for studying pathophysiology? Select all that apply. Etiology Anatomy Pathology Physiology Epidemiology

Anatomy Those studying pathophysiology must call on their knowledge of anatomy, because this will help them differentiate between normal and abnormal anatomical findings. Physiology Those studying pathophysiology must call on their knowledge of physiology, because this will help them differentiate between normal and abnormal deviations of physical function.

Which is another term for signs and symptoms? Lesion Syndrome Exacerbations Clinical manifestations

Clinical manifestations Clinical manifestations are the clinical evidence or effects of a disease, and are also called signs and symptoms.

Which provides an explanation for why are diseases difficult to diagnose? Select all that apply. Diseases are complex. Some diseases have the same clinical manifestations. Diagnoses are subjective to the health care professional. Diseases can only be diagnosed within a certain period of time. Not all people have equal access to quality diagnostic equipment.

Diseases are complex. It can be difficult to diagnose a disease because diseases are complex. Some diseases have the same clinical manifestations. It can be difficult to diagnose a disease because some diseases have the same clinical manifestations (signs and symptoms) as other diseases. Not all people have equal access to quality diagnostic equipment. It can be difficult to diagnose a disease because not all people have equal access to quality diagnostic equipment. Some geographic areas in the world do not have well-equipped medical facilities with sophisticated technology, which means providers will have a more difficult time identifying the presence of a disease.

Which statement describes the use of evidence-based practice (EBP)? EBP is used as the sole means of diagnosing a disease. EBP can be used in place of other patient assessment techniques. EBP does not have to be used in the scope of studying pathophysiology. EBP is used to guide treatment methods for managing a disease.

EBP is used to guide treatment methods for managing a disease. Evidence-based practices are used to support treatment decisions in managing a disease.

Which term is used to describe widespread occurrence of a disease, in which there are a higher than expected number of cases within a given area? Endemic Epidemic Pandemic Prognosis

Epidemic An epidemic is where there are a higher than expected number of cases within a given area.

Which actions are examples of the term prevention? Select all that apply. Going on a diet Getting vaccinated Exercising five times a week Moving to a city that has less pollution Identifying which inherited diseases pose a risk

Going on a diet Going on a diet is a behavioral modification, which is a form of prevention. Getting vaccinated Getting vaccinated against diseases is a form of prevention, because it helps keep a person healthy and avoid certain illnesses, like the flu. Exercising five times a week Exercising is a form of prevention, because it involves keeping the body active and decreases the risk of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Moving to a city that has less pollution Moving to a city that has less pollution is a form of prevention, because it is an action step that involves removing or lessening harmful materials in the environment.

A patient develops a secondary infection as a result of his chemotherapy treatment. Which term is used to describe the cause of the infection? Acute Onset Idiopathic Iatrogenic

Iatrogenic Iatrogenic is the term used when a disease/condition occurs as a result of a medical treatment, medicine, diagnostic test, or medical error.

Which describes the difference between incidence and prevalence when discussing disease occurrence? Incidence is the number of new cases and prevalence is the number of new and old cases. Incidence is the number of diseases reported within the past year, and prevalence is the number of new and existing cases. Incidence is the number of deaths in a given population caused by a disease, and prevalence is the number of people affected by the illness. Incidence is the occurrence of a disease that impacts larger numbers and prevalence is a widespread occurrence of a disease in a given area.

Incidence is the number of new cases and prevalence is the number of new and old cases. Incidence is the number of new disease cases in a given population and within a stated time period, and prevalence is the number of new and old cases.

Which are benefits to studying the science of pathophysiology? Select all that apply. It helps update medical technology. It guarantees disease prevention. It helps formulate new drugs and vaccines. It improves access to equal health care services around the world. It helps health-focused organizations to keep the public informed on how to prevent diseases.

It helps update medical technology. The information that is collected through studying pathophysiology can be used to develop and update medical technology for diagnosing and treating diseases. It helps formulate new drugs and vaccines. The formulation of new drugs and vaccines is a major benefit to studying pathophysiology, because drugs and vaccines can help prevent the onset or spread of diseases. It helps health-focused organizations to keep the public informed on how to prevent diseases. Disease prevention is an important reason for studying pathophysiology. Health organizations can keep the public informed of new findings in pathophysiology to better teach them about ways to prevent disease.

Which process is the patient having trouble with if the body is unable to reset itself to an internal balance? Achieving normal limits Establishing a diagnosis Maintaining homeostasis Preventing or mitigating disease

Maintaining homeostasis Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable environment within the body. The body is able to achieve homeostasis by resetting itself through internal mechanisms that work together to create a balance.

Which are etiologic agents? Select all that apply. Vaccinations Microorganisms Congenital defects Inherited disorders Environmental factors Nutritional deficiencies

Microorganisms Microorganisms are etiologic agents because they can cause disease. Congenital defects Congenital defects are etiologic agents because many people develop diseases due to congenital disorders that are present at birth. Inherited disorders Inherited disorders are etiologic agents because many people develop diseases or disorders that have various inheritance patterns. Environmental factors Environmental factors are etiologic agents because many people develop illnesses that are associated with environmental exposure to chemicals, toxins, and pollution. Nutritional deficiencies Nutritional deficiencies are etiologic agents because people can develop diseases from having poor nutrition, such as low iron or high sodium levels.

Which term relates to the number of deaths within a certain area? Prognosis Mortality Morbidity Incidence

Mortality Mortality is the measure of deaths within a given group or area resulting from a particular disease.

Which term is used to describe the state in which a disease spreads from one part of the globe to another? Endemic Epidemic Pandemic Prognosis

Pandemic A pandemic is the occurrence of a disease that impacts larger numbers and cases in regions around the world. Therefore, a disease spreading from one country to another is a pandemic.

Which resources can be used to find the most up to date clinical information? Select all that apply. Social media websites Peer-reviewed journals Seminars and conferences Continuing education series Professional organization websites

Peer-reviewed journals Peer-reviewed journals provide current information in the health care field. Seminars and conferences Seminars and conferences provide the most current clinical information because health care professionals provide audience members with up-to-date knowledge. Continuing education series Continuing education series provide current clinical information because CE courses are based on evidence and facts. Professional organization websites Professional organization websites, such as the WHO and CDC, provide current clinical information because these organizations stay on top of publishing current data.

A patient encounters a specific allergen that causes an asthma attack. Which term would be used to describe the allergen? Sequelae Complication Convalescence Precipitating factor

Precipitating factor The exposure to the allergen provokes the asthma attack, so therefore it is a precipitating factor for asthma.

Which term is used to describe the state when a patient's signs and symptoms related to their disease subside? Syndrome Remission Exacerbation Rehabilitation

Remission

On which is evidence-based practice in pathophysiology based or founded? Select all that apply. Research trials Clinical guidelines Medical publications On-the-job observations Well-equipped medical facilities

Research trials Research trials provide information about tests and test results that can be used as evidence-based practice. Clinical guidelines Clinical guidelines provide information that can be used as evidence-based practice, because they are developed by health care professionals. Medical publications Medical publications provide information that can be used as evidence-based practice, because they are published by professionals in the industry.

Which factors does the World Health Organization (WHO) use to define health? Select all that apply. Social well-being Mental well-being Physical well-being Spiritual well-being Financial well-being

Social well-being Social well-being is a factor that is included in the WHO's definition of health, and has to do with the kinds of relationships a person has with others, or how they are doing economically. Mental well-being Mental well-being is a factor that is included in the WHO's definition of health, and has to do with a person's emotional and behavioral state, such as depression, anxiety, or grief. Physical well-being Physical well-being is a factor that is included in the WHO's definition of health, and has to do with a person's physiology and anatomy.

Which is the definition of pathogenesis? The way in which a disease forms, such as acute or insidious A stage of a disease in which no clinical signs are presenting A state in which pathologic changes occur, but the patient does not exhibit any obvious manifestations The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process

The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process

Which is the definition of morbidity? The measure of deaths within a given group The measure of disease within a group or geographic area The probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes The number of new and old or existing disease cases within a specific population and time period

The measure of disease within a group or geographic area Morbidity is the measure of disease within a group or geographic area.

Which is the definition of incidence? The probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes The science of identifying and studying the pattern or occurrence of disease The number of new cases of a disease in a given population within a stated time period The number of new and old or existing disease cases within a specific population and time period

The number of new cases of a disease in a given population within a stated time period Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease in a given population within a stated time period.

Which accurately describes a pandemic? A high occurrence of disease in a particular area The probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes The occurrence of a disease that impacts larger numbers and cases in many regions or continents A widespread occurrence of a disease, in which there are a higher than expected number of cases within a given area

The occurrence of a disease that impacts larger numbers and cases in many regions or continents A pandemic is the occurrence of a disease that impacts larger numbers and cases in many regions or continents.

Match the term with its correct description. The probability for recovery or other outcome A high occurrence of disease in a particular area The measure of disease within a group or geographic area Identifying and studying the pattern or occurrence of disease

The probability for recovery or other outcome- Prognosis A high occurrence of disease in a particular area- Endemic The measure of disease within a group or geographic area- Morbidity Identifying and studying the pattern or occurrence of disease- Epidemiology

Which statement describes epidemiology? The study or science of the causative factors for diseases The study of physiological processes that are associated with disease The science of identifying and studying the pattern or occurrence of disease The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process

The science of identifying and studying the pattern or occurrence of disease

Match the term to the correct description. The study or science of the causative factors for diseases Indications of whether or not a person is at risk for disease Taking steps to actively mitigate or lessen the risk of disease Helping individuals preserve their health and stop the spread of diseases

The study or science of the causative factors for diseases- Etiology Indications of whether or not a person is at risk for disease- Predisposing factors Taking steps to actively mitigate or lessen the risk of disease- Prevention Helping individuals preserve their health and stop the spread of diseases- Prophylaxis

Which is a rationale for studying pathophysiology? Select all that apply. To develop new medical technology To find out ways to prevent diseases To learn more about the ways to treat diseases To discover how to control the spread of diseases To become more familiar with pathology practices

To develop new medical technology People study pathophysiology to develop new medical technology that can be used for diagnosing or treating diseases. To find out ways to prevent diseases People study pathophysiology to find out ways to prevent diseases. From this, people can learn how to stay healthier and make better choices in their lives. To learn more about the ways to treat diseases People study pathophysiology to learn more about the ways to treat diseases. This allows health care professionals to combat diseases more effectively, which yields better outcomes for patients. To discover how to control the spread of diseases People study pathophysiology to discover how to control the spread of diseases, so that more people around the world or in communities can stay healthy.

Which statement describes the phrase "diagnosing a patient"? To test a patient's normal limits To identify the presence of a disease To send a biopsy sample to a pathologist To examine a patient after they are deceased

To identify the presence of a disease A diagnosis is the identification and classification of a disease.

Which statement best describes epidemiology? Studying the causative factors for diseases Exploring the physiological processes involved in a disease Accurately reporting and notifying local jurisdictions to maintain data on diseases Using data to study how diseases are transmitted from person to person, or area to area

Using data to study how diseases are transmitted from person to person, or area to area Epidemiology is the science of identifying the pattern and occurrence of disease. It uses data to study how diseases are transmitted among people and geographic locations.

Which statement describes the term idiopathic? a. A term used to describe the cause of a disease. b. A term used when the cause of a disease is unknown. c. A factor that indicates whether or not a person is at risk for contracting a disease. d. A term used to describe when a treatment, procedure, or medical error causes a disease.

b. A term used when the cause of a disease is unknown.

Which term describes a disease that is caused by a medical procedure? a. Clinical b. Iatrogenic c. Idiopathic d. Subclinical

b. Iatrogenic Iatrogenic is the term used to describe a disease that is caused by a procedure, treatment, or medical error.

Which is the purpose of an autopsy? a. It diagnoses a disease. b. It examines a patient after death. c. It extracts a small sample of tissue. d. It maintains homeostasis in the body.

b. It examines a patient after death. An autopsy is an examination of a patient after the patient is deceased. It helps the pathologist determine the cause of death.

Which is an accurate description of prophylaxis? a. Steps that are taken after the onset of disease b. Measures that help individuals preserve their health and stop the spread of diseases c. The early development of a disease when the patient notices a change in the body, but the signs or symptoms are nonspecific d. The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process

b. Measures that help individuals preserve their health and stop the spread of diseases Prophylaxis helps individuals preserve their health and stop the spread of diseases, such as taking baby aspirin each day when a person is at risk for heart disease.

Which statement describes predisposing factors? a. Factors that can help prevent the onset of a disease b. Factors that indicate a guarantee that a person will develop a disease c. Factors that indicate whether or not a person is at risk for getting a disease d. Factors that indicate the development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in disease progression

c. Factors that indicate whether or not a person is at risk for getting a disease Predisposing factors are factors that indicate whether or not a person is at risk for getting a disease, such as age, gender, inherited factors, and occupational exposure.

Which explains why individuals studying pathophysiology need to stay updated on health care trends? a. Organizations like the WHO depend on the knowledge of providers for data. b. The newest information is a guarantee to help patients treat their illnesses. c. New information is constantly being published, which can help treat and prevent diseases. d. The information can be applied to make health care accessible for people all over the world.

c. New information is constantly being published, which can help treat and prevent diseases. People who study pathophysiology must be current on health care trends because new information is constantly being published and that can help health care providers treat and prevent diseases.

Which statement properly uses the term biopsy? a. The World Health Organization (WHO) puts together data according to global biopsies. b. A biopsy explains why certain individuals have a baseline that is outside of normal limits. c. The pathologist will study the biopsy taken by the surgeon during the procedure. d. The patient's body was trying to achieve homeostasis by activating the biopsy mechanism to restore balance in the body.

c. The pathologist will study the biopsy taken by the surgeon during the procedure. A biopsy is a procedure in which the practitioner collects a very small amount of living tissue that a pathologist then studies to detect the presence of a disease.

Which is the rationale for studying pathophysiology? a. To better diagnose diseases b. To learn about body structure and function c. To understand what causes, treats, and prevents diseases d. To study the most current information to make better decisions when caring for patients

c. To understand what causes, treats, and prevents diseases People study pathophysiology to understand what causes, treats, and prevents diseases.

Which describes the use of current data and information to make patient care decisions? a. Clinical trials b. Pathological practices c. Diagnostic procedures d. Evidence-based practice

d. Evidence-based practice Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the use of the most current and best evidence, data, or information for making decisions about patient care.

Which statement describes homeostasis? a. Homeostasis is a means for diagnosing diseases. b. Homeostasis is the normal limits of the body based on standard averages. c. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable environment within the body that is dependent on the external environment. d. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable environment within the body that is not affected by external changes or factors.

d. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable environment within the body that is not affected by external changes or factors. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable environment within the body that is not affected by external changes or factors. Individuals are generally not aware when these compensation mechanisms are taking place.

Which is the correct description of pathophysiology? a. The study of disease diagnosis b. The study of how the body physically functions c. The study or science of the causative factors for diseases d. The study of the physiological changes in the body that result from a disease

d. The study of the physiological changes in the body that result from a disease Pathophysiology is the study of the physiological changes in the body that result from a disease and includes elements of both pathology and physiology.

Which is the purpose of disease prevention? a. To identify and study the pattern or occurrence of disease b. To develop a probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes c. To help individuals preserve their health and stop the spread of diseases d. To actively mitigate or lessen the risk of disease or exposure to predisposing factors

d. To actively mitigate or lessen the risk of disease or exposure to predisposing factors The function of prevention is to actively mitigate or lessen the risk of disease or exposure to predisposing factors.