PED 116 FINAL EXAM (CHAPTER 10 )

________ is the most common form of cardiovascular disease. A) Angina pectoris B) Hypertension C) Coronary heart disease D) Arrhythmia

B

A cluster of obesity-related risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is known as A) hyperlipidemia. B) congenital heart disease. C) transient ischemic attack. D) metabolic syndrome.

D

Arterial stenosis is A) hardened arteries. B) accumulated waxy debris in arteries. C) high blood pressure. D) narrowing of the arteries.

D

Hardening or stiffening of the arteries as plaque accumulates at injury sites in the inner linings of the arteries is known as A) myocardial infarction. B) arterial stenosis. C) metabolic syndrome. D) atherosclerosis.

D

Heart disease present at birth is known as A) coronary heart disease. B) myocardial infarction. C) arterial stenosis. D) congenital heart disease.

D

Stress can increase risk for cardiovascular disease by A) increasing the body's immune capacity. B) decreasing blood pressure. C) preventing blood clotting. D) causing heart rhythm abnormalities.

D

The greatest preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is A) poor diet. B) moderate alcohol intake. C) physical inactivity. D) smoking.

D

The role of HDL cholesterol is to A) increase cholesterol levels. B) cause plaque to deposit on arteries. C) lower high blood pressure. D) remove plaque deposits from artery walls.

D

Bacterial and viral infections can contribute to cardiovascular disease.

TRUE

CVD is the number one cause of death in most countries around the world.

TRUE

Cardiovascular disease can cause damage to other internal organs.

TRUE

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases a nonsmoker's risk for cardiovascular disease.

TRUE

Genetics play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease.

TRUE

Moderate alcohol intake may have some cardiovascular benefits.

TRUE

Physical inactivity increases risk for cardiovascular disease.

TRUE

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease can begin to develop in adolescence or earlier.

TRUE

Smoking contributes to cardiovascular disease in multiple ways.

TRUE

Stress is considered a controllable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

TRUE

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States.

TRUE

Three years after quitting smoking, the risk of death from heart disease and stroke for people who smoked a pack a day or less is almost the same as for people who never smoked.

TRUE

Triglycerides can promote atherosclerosis.

TRUE

Approximately ________ of people with diabetes die from some form of cardiovascular disease. A) 50% B) 40% C) 65% D) 80%

A

Chest pain due to ischemia is called A) angina pectoris. B) arrhythmia. C) atherosclerosis. D) tachycardia.

A

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively known as which of the following? A) cardiovascular disease B) atherosclerosis C) angina pectoris D) arrhythmia

A

Hypertension can cause which of the following? A) blood vessel damage B) obesity C) diabetes D) low blood pressure

A

Pressure applied to the walls of the arteries during the heart's relaxation phase is known as ________ pressure. A) diastolic B) systolic C) blood D) arterial

A

The cardiovascular system includes the A) heart and blood vessels. B) lungs. C) blood vessels only. D) heart only.

A

The heart works harder to transport blood in people who A) are overweight. B) are normal weight. C) are underweight. D) store more fat on their hips.

A

The majority of heart attacks occur in which age group? A) over 65 B) 45-65 C) 40-55 D) 25-40

A

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults is approximately A) 40%. B) 10%. C) 60%. D) 70%.

A

Which of the following is known as "bad cholesterol"? A) LDL B) CVD C) HDL D) MI

A

Which of the following is typical of diastolic blood pressure? A) It declines after age 55. B) It declines until age 55. C) It increases after age 55. D) It remains constant throughout life.

A

________ is the leading cause of death in the United States. A) Cardiovascular disease B) Diabetes C) Cancer D) Pneumonia

A

________ is the most common form of cardiovascular disease. A) Angina pectoris B) Hypertension C) Coronary heart disease D) Arrhythmia

A

________ is the type of cardiovascular disease that causes the most deaths. A) Coronary heart disease B) Hypertension C) Heart failure D) Atherosclerosis

A

A sporadic, quivering heartbeat pattern is known as what? A) fibrillation B) bradycardia C) ischemia D) tachycardia

A

Arterial stenosis can cause A) hypotension. B) ruptured arteries. C) increased blood flow. D) obesity.

B

Atherosclerosis that occurs in the extremities is called A) cardiovascular disease. B) peripheral artery disease. C) extremity artery disease. D) hypotension.

B

Blockage of blood flow to the brain is known as A) myocardial infarction. B) stroke. C) atherosclerosis. D) hypertension.

B

Cigarette smokers are ________ more likely to develop coronary heart disease than nonsmokers. A) 1-2 times B) 2-4 times C) 10-15 times D) 25 times

B

Excessive alcohol intake contributes to which of the following risk factors for cardiovascular disease? A) decreased triglycerides B) increased blood pressure C) decreased risk for obesity D) increased thinning of blood

B

Hemorrhagic stroke is defined as stroke resulting from A) a plaque-blocked vessel. B) a burst blood vessel. C) exposure to secondhand smoke. D) an enlarged heart.

B

Homocysteine and C-reactive proteins are indicators of A) atherosclerosis. B) inflammation of inner linings of artery walls. C) a person's lifestyle habits. D) hypertension.

B

In a healthy 10-year-old, arterial walls are A) weak and thin. B) strong and elastic. C) thin and tight. D) strong and tight.

B

Menopause increases a woman's risk for cardiovascular disease by causing a(n) A) increase in HDLs. B) increase in LDLs. C) increase in estrogen levels. D) decrease in LDLs.

B

Moderate physical activity ________ one's risk for cardiovascular disease. A) increases B) decreases C) has no effect on D) is less effective than exercise for decreasing

B

Nicotine causes which of the following? A) decreased heart rate B) increased blood pressure C) less oxygen used by the heart muscle D) decreased heart output

B

Nitroglycerin tablets are recommended to address which condition? A) coronary heart disease B) angina pectoris C) arrhythmia D) hypertension

B

Plaques are defined as A) hardened arteries. B) accumulated waxy debris in arteries. C) high blood pressure. D) narrow arteries.

B

Pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts is known as ________ pressure. A) diastolic B) systolic C) blood D) arterial

B

Researchers suggest that completely eliminating cardiovascular disease in the United States would increase our average life expectancy by A) 3 years. B) 7 years. C) 10 years. D) 14 years

B

The audible sound of an irregular heart valve allowing turbulent blood flow through the heart is known as a A) stroke. B) heart murmur. C) transient ischemic attack. D) plaque.

B

Which ethnic group has the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease? A) Caucasian B) African American C) Mexican American D) Asian American

B

Which of the following factors increases a person's risk for cardiovascular disease? A) a low stress level B) smoking C) a diet low in saturated fats D) an active lifestyle

B

Which of the following is true of hypertension? A) Hypertension is rare among college students. B) Depression and high alcohol consumption increase the risk for hypertension. C) Increased sodium consumption decreases the risk of hypertension. D) Prevalence of hypertension among people from 20 to 44 years of age is decreasing.

B

A fatty, waxy buildup in a blood vessel is called a(n) A) arteriole. B) stenosis. C) atheroma. D) embolism.

C

An irregular heartbeat is known as A) arterial stenosis. B) myocardial infarction. C) arrhythmia. D) angina pectoris.

C

At what age do women have a higher incidence of hypertension than men? A) 55 B) under 55 C) over 75 D) between 40 and 60

C

Cardiovascular disease and ________ account for approximately 29% of U.S. deaths each year. A) diabetes B) lung cancer C) stroke D) leukemia

C

Congestive heart failure results in A) infection. B) birth defects. C) an enlarged heart. D) an accumulation of plaque in artery walls.

C

High intake of which substance is associated with a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease? A) saturated fat B) sodium C) fiber D) refined carbohydrates

C

Inflammation of the arteries can be caused by A) obesity. B) increased HDL cholesterol. C) disease-causing bacteria. D) hot weather.

C

The D in the DASH diet stands for A) desirable. B) diabetes. C) dietary. D) disease.

C

The DASH diet recommends increased intake of A) sodium. B) foods high in sugar. C) fruits and vegetables. D) saturated fats.

C

The best method of evaluating risk from blood cholesterol is to A) get an EKG. B) confer with a general practitioner physician. C) examine the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol. D) measure your daily intake of trans fat.

C

What role does the herpes virus play in cardiovascular disease? A) It causes a sudden myocardial infarction while the virus is dormant. B) Herpes simplex virus 2 sores can cause blood clots. C) It contributes to inflammation of artery walls. D) It increases LDL cholesterol levels.

C

Which of the following is classified as Stage 1 hypertension? A) 120/80 B) 139/89 C) 140/90 D) 160/100

C

Which of the following is known as "good cholesterol"? A) LDL B) CVD C) HDL D) MI

C

Which symptom of a heart attack is more likely in men than in women? A) pain between the shoulder blades B) shortness of breath C) pain in the center of the chest D) fatigue

C

________ fats can increase blood cholesterol levels. A) Saturated and monounsaturated B) Monounsaturated and trans C) Trans and saturated D) HDL and trans

C

Which of the following statements is true regarding the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in males and females? A) It IS the leading cause of death in America for men but not for women. B) It IS the leading cause of death in America for women but not for men. C) It IS NOT the leading cause of death for men or for women. D) It IS the leading cause of death in America for both men and women.

D

________ is the medical term for a heart attack. A) Cardiovascular disease (CVD ) B) Atherosclerosis C) Coronary artery disease (CAD) D) Myocardial infarction (MI)

D

Cardiovascular disease is the second biggest killer in the United States.

FALSE

Decreased sugar levels in the blood greatly increase the risk for heart disease.

FALSE

High HDL cholesterol increases the risk for cardiovascular disease.

FALSE

Metabolic syndrome is associated with a low body weight.

FALSE

Stroke is also known as the "silent killer."

FALSE

Tachycardia is a form of arrhythmia that causes a slow heart rate.

FALSE

The type of fat that most increases risk for cardiovascular disease is monounsaturated.

FALSE