Thalamus

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Ventroposteromedial nucleus sends output to?

primary sensory cortex

entroposterolateral nucleus sends output to...

primary sensory cortex

Ventroposterolateral nucleus receives input from...

spinothalamic tract medial lemniscus dorsal column

Medial geniculate nucleus receives input from...

superior olivary nucleus and inferior colliculus of the tectum

Where are the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei?

they are little bulges on the posterior inferior portion of the thalamus

What structures surround the thalamus laterally? (9)

internal capsule globus pallidus medial medullary lamina putamen external capsule claustrum extreme capsule insula

Each thalamus is divided by a Y shaped white matter band called...

internal lamina

The lateral nuclei of the thalamus are subdivided into?

dorsal tier group ventral tier group

What structures surround the thalamus posteriorly?

epithalamus, which includes: pineal gland habenular nuclei habenular commissure

How does the dorsomedial nucleus function?

gets input from all other thalamic nuclei and sends info to the prefrontal cortex, the site for thought processing

What is the Pepz circuit?

hippocampal formation, fornix, mammilary bodies, mammilothalamic tract, anterior thalamic nucleus, cingulate gyrus, hippocampal formation

What structures surround the thalamus anteriorly?

hypothalamus

What is the blood supply to the thalamus?

*tuberothalamic* from posterior communicating branch of the middle and posterior cerebral arterires From posterior cerebral aretery, *posterior choroidal, posterolateral, paramedian*

What structures surrond the thalamus inferiorly?

Subthalamus, which includes: subthalamus nucleus between the thalamus and midbrain

Which nuclei of the thalamus are connected to each other?

They are all interconnected to each other.

What is the function of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus?

adjusts behavior according to emotional state.

The dorsomedial nucleus has connections to what?

all thalamic nuclei limbic system basal ganglia prefrontal cortex

The internal lamina divides the thalamus into three parts called:

anterior nucleus medial nuclei lateral nuclei

Medial geniculate nucleus sends output to...

audial information to the temporal lobe

ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei receive input from...

basal ganglia

Why does the diencephalon get buried deep in the middle portion of the brain?

because the telencephalon grows so much faster.

What is the claustrum?

body of gray matter between the globus pallidus and the insula

What is the external capsule?

body of white matter that sits between globus pallidus and the claustrum

What is the extreme capsule?

body of white matter that sits between the claustrum and the insula

Lateral geniculate nucleus sends output to...

calcerine sulcus of the occipital lobe

The largest intralaminar nuclei are...

centromedian nucleus

What does reverberation of the Pepz circuit do?

converts short term memory into long term memory

What structures surround the thalamus superiorly? (7)

corpus collosum body of the caudate nucleus lateral ventricle fornix interventricular foramen

Thalamus is derived from...

diencephalon part of the prosencephalon (forebrain)

What connects the two thalamic nuclei?

interthalamic adhesion

internal lamina contains small areas of grey matter called...

intralaminar nuclei

What are the functions of the anterior thalamic nucleus?

involved in memory and emotion. Part of the Pepz circuit.

Where are the thalami?

just above brainstem, between cerebral cortex and the midbrain

The medial aspect of the thalamic nuclei form part of what?

lateral wall of the third ventricle

Ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei send output to...

motor cortex

Thamaus cell bodies are located in their respective ____ and their axons are located in the ____.

nuclei internal lamina

Intralaminar nuclei are involved in...

pain perception

Besides relaying sensory information, what else is the thalamus involved in?

regulation of sleep, alertness, wakefulness, and pain perception

What's the main function of the thalamus?

relay sensory information to cerebral cortex (except olfaction)

Ventroposteromedial nucleus receives input from...

sensory information from trigeminal (face) and gustatory systems

The ventral tier group are further subdivided and includes:

ventro-anterior ventro-lateral (intermediate) ventro-postero-lateral (VPL) ventro-posterio-medial (VPM)

Lateral geniculate nucleus receives input from...

visual info from optic nerve CN II

What is the internal capsule?

white matter that sits between the thalamus and the globus pallidus


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