Thalamus
Ventroposteromedial nucleus sends output to?
primary sensory cortex
entroposterolateral nucleus sends output to...
primary sensory cortex
Ventroposterolateral nucleus receives input from...
spinothalamic tract medial lemniscus dorsal column
Medial geniculate nucleus receives input from...
superior olivary nucleus and inferior colliculus of the tectum
Where are the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei?
they are little bulges on the posterior inferior portion of the thalamus
What structures surround the thalamus laterally? (9)
internal capsule globus pallidus medial medullary lamina putamen external capsule claustrum extreme capsule insula
Each thalamus is divided by a Y shaped white matter band called...
internal lamina
The lateral nuclei of the thalamus are subdivided into?
dorsal tier group ventral tier group
What structures surround the thalamus posteriorly?
epithalamus, which includes: pineal gland habenular nuclei habenular commissure
How does the dorsomedial nucleus function?
gets input from all other thalamic nuclei and sends info to the prefrontal cortex, the site for thought processing
What is the Pepz circuit?
hippocampal formation, fornix, mammilary bodies, mammilothalamic tract, anterior thalamic nucleus, cingulate gyrus, hippocampal formation
What structures surround the thalamus anteriorly?
hypothalamus
What is the blood supply to the thalamus?
*tuberothalamic* from posterior communicating branch of the middle and posterior cerebral arterires From posterior cerebral aretery, *posterior choroidal, posterolateral, paramedian*
What structures surrond the thalamus inferiorly?
Subthalamus, which includes: subthalamus nucleus between the thalamus and midbrain
Which nuclei of the thalamus are connected to each other?
They are all interconnected to each other.
What is the function of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus?
adjusts behavior according to emotional state.
The dorsomedial nucleus has connections to what?
all thalamic nuclei limbic system basal ganglia prefrontal cortex
The internal lamina divides the thalamus into three parts called:
anterior nucleus medial nuclei lateral nuclei
Medial geniculate nucleus sends output to...
audial information to the temporal lobe
ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei receive input from...
basal ganglia
Why does the diencephalon get buried deep in the middle portion of the brain?
because the telencephalon grows so much faster.
What is the claustrum?
body of gray matter between the globus pallidus and the insula
What is the external capsule?
body of white matter that sits between globus pallidus and the claustrum
What is the extreme capsule?
body of white matter that sits between the claustrum and the insula
Lateral geniculate nucleus sends output to...
calcerine sulcus of the occipital lobe
The largest intralaminar nuclei are...
centromedian nucleus
What does reverberation of the Pepz circuit do?
converts short term memory into long term memory
What structures surround the thalamus superiorly? (7)
corpus collosum body of the caudate nucleus lateral ventricle fornix interventricular foramen
Thalamus is derived from...
diencephalon part of the prosencephalon (forebrain)
What connects the two thalamic nuclei?
interthalamic adhesion
internal lamina contains small areas of grey matter called...
intralaminar nuclei
What are the functions of the anterior thalamic nucleus?
involved in memory and emotion. Part of the Pepz circuit.
Where are the thalami?
just above brainstem, between cerebral cortex and the midbrain
The medial aspect of the thalamic nuclei form part of what?
lateral wall of the third ventricle
Ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei send output to...
motor cortex
Thamaus cell bodies are located in their respective ____ and their axons are located in the ____.
nuclei internal lamina
Intralaminar nuclei are involved in...
pain perception
Besides relaying sensory information, what else is the thalamus involved in?
regulation of sleep, alertness, wakefulness, and pain perception
What's the main function of the thalamus?
relay sensory information to cerebral cortex (except olfaction)
Ventroposteromedial nucleus receives input from...
sensory information from trigeminal (face) and gustatory systems
The ventral tier group are further subdivided and includes:
ventro-anterior ventro-lateral (intermediate) ventro-postero-lateral (VPL) ventro-posterio-medial (VPM)
Lateral geniculate nucleus receives input from...
visual info from optic nerve CN II
What is the internal capsule?
white matter that sits between the thalamus and the globus pallidus
