Peds Final Study Guide

When caring for an infant who is hospitalized with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, an important nursing intervention for the child would be for the nurse to: a. monitor intake and output and increase fluid intake every 4 hours. b. check the child's neurologic status every 2 hours. c. restrain the child before and during a seizure. d. place the child in a side-lying position and keep the position using pillows.

b. check the child's neurological status every 2 hours

What are the clinical manifestations of otitis media? a. Earache, wheezing, vomiting b. Coughing, rhinorrhea, headache c. Fever, irritability, pulling on ear d. Wheezing, cough, drainage in ear canal

c. Fever, irritability, pulling on ear

The parents of a child suffering from depression ask the nurse what causes depression in children. Which answer is an appropriate response by the nurse? a. The causes of major depression are unknown. b. Major affective disorders in parents increase depression in children. c. Boys are more likely than girls to be depressed. d. The prevalence rate is higher in prepubescent children.

a. The causes of major depression are unknown. The causes of depression have not been established. However, many studies have shown that children have a three times greater rate of suffering from depression if their parents have a major affective disorder. p. 1061

The nurse observes a mother giving an oral iron supplement to her 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. Which action by the mother indicates the need for further teaching? a. The mother administered the iron with milk. b. The mother administered the iron with water. c. The mother administered the iron with apple juice. d. The mother administered the iron with orange juice.

a. The mother administered the iron with milk.

What is the most common clinical manifestation of coarctation of the aorta? a. Clubbing of the digits b. Upper extremity hypertension c. Pedal edema and portal congestion d. Loud systolic ejection murmur

b. Upper extremity hypertension

Dr. Abraham Jacobi focused attention on health problems in children and made a major stride toward their welfare by initiating: a. pediatric wards in hospitals. b. free inoculations against smallpox. c. milk stations in the city of New York. d. serving nutritious foods in orphanages.

c. milk stations in the city of New York

The caregiver of a 2 1/2-year-old child tells the nurse, "They told me my daughter has an eye disorder called hyperopia." Which of the following statements made by the mother most indicates she has an understanding of this child's current condition?

"Now I know why when she is working on puzzles she says her eye is sleepy."

What is the best intervention when a child with autism is hospitalized? A. Limit the individuals who enter the childs room. B. Perform all of the childs activities of daily living for her. C. Make sure the nurses know this child may be violent. D. Assign the strongest nurse to control the child

A. Limit the individuals who enter the childs room.

Parents have learned that their 6-year-old child is autistic. The nurse may help the parents to cope by explaining that the child will: A. have abnormal ways of interacting with other children and adults. B. outgrow the condition by early adulthood. C. have average social skills. D. probably have age-appropriate language skills

A. have abnormal ways of interacting with other children and adults.

A nurse is giving a parent information about autism. Which statement made by the parent indicates understanding of the teaching? A. Autism is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. B. The onset of autism usually occurs before 2 1/2 years of age. C. Children with autism have imitation and gesturing skills. D. Autism can be treated effectively with medication.

B. The onset of autism usually occurs before 2 1/2 years of age.

An autistic child is hospitalized with asthma. The nurse should plan care so that the: A. parents expectations are met. B. childs routine habits and preferences are maintained. C. child is supported through the autistic crisis. D. parents need not be at the hospital.

B. childs routine habits and preferences are maintained.

An adolescent has been taught to administer replacement factors for bleeding episodes related to hemophilia. What action by the teen indicates that further instruction is needed? A. Disposes of sharps in an approved container B. Reconstitutes the medication with sterile water C. Selects the appropriate needle for an IM injection D. Washes hands prior to working with the drug

C. Selects the appropriate needle for an IM injection

The best setting for daytime care for a 5- year-old autistic child whose mother works is: A. private day care. B. public school. C. his own home with a sitter. D. a specialized program that facilitates interaction by use of behavioral methods

D. a specialized program that facilitates interaction by use of behavioral methods

The nurse is observing a child following an eye injury. Which of the following symptoms might alert the nurse to the possibility that the uninjured eye may be exhibiting signs of an inflammatory reaction?

Photophobia or an intolerance to light

The nurse and a mother are discussing care of her child's iron deficiency anemia. The nurse would suggest including which foods in the child's diet that are highest in iron? Select all that apply

Spinach Apricots Raisins

The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old hospitalized child who is visually impaired. Which of the following nursing interventions would be the highest priority in helping this child reduce anxiety related to hospitalization?

The nurse talks to the child when entering and leaving the room.

The nurse is planning education for a parent whose child has recently been prescribed cromolyn sodium as a part of the treatment plan for asthma. Which information would the nurse reinforce in the teaching? Select all that apply.

This medication is inhaled using a Spinhaler. This medication is not to be used as a rescue inhaler. This medication should be inhaled slowly to ensure the medication reaches the lower airways.

The nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with the mother. Which would be a component of the instructions that the nurse reinforces to the mother? a. No live virus vaccines should be administered to the child. b. Immunizations will not be given to the child with HIV infection c. The immunization schedule must be altered because of HIV infection d. Immunizations will be given to the child with HIV infection but will not be initiated until the child is 3 years old.

a. No live virus vaccines should be administered to the child

The nurse has reinforced prior teaching of a school-age child who was given a brace to wear for the treatment of scoliosis. The child needs further teaching if which statement is made? a. "This brace will correct my curve." b. "I will wear my brace under my clothes." c. "I will do back exercises at least five times a week." d. "I will wear my brace whenever I am not sleeping."

a. "This brace will correct my curve."

The nurse explains to the parents of a child with developmental hip dysplasia that the application of a Pavlik harness is necessary. In what position will the harness hold the child's femurs? a. Abduction b. Adduction c. Flexion d. Extension

a. Abduction

Oral iron is prescribed for a child with an iron deficiency anemia, and the nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding the administration of the iron. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron in which way? a. Between meals b. Just after a meal c. Just before a meal d. With a fruit low in vitamin C

a. Between meals

The nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with the mother. Which would be a component of the instructions that the nurse reinforces to the mother? a. No live virus vaccines should be administered to the child. b. Immunizations will not be given to the child with HIV infection. c. The immunization schedule must be altered because of the HIV infection. d. Immunizations will be given to the child with HIV infection but will not be initiated until the child is 3 years old.

a. No live virus vaccines should be administered to the child.

A 5-year-old child is admitted to the hospital for heart surgery to repair tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse notes that the child has clubbed fingers, and the nurse knows that this symptom is likely a result of which condition? a. Peripheral hypoxia b. Chronic hypertension c. Delayed physical growth d. Destruction of bone marrow

a. Peripheral hypoxia

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis is usually spread by which method of transmission? a. droplet b. contact c. intravenous d. fecal

a. droplet

When the nurse performs the initial assessment of an adolescent with depression, what is the most important question to ask? a. "What is making you depressed?" b. "Have you ever thought about suicide?" c. "What could we do to make you happy?" d. "Would you like your friends to visit?"

b. "Have you ever thought about suicide?"

Parents of a 6-month-old child, who has just been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, ask why it was not diagnosed earlier. What would be the best response by the nurse? a. "Are you sure your child has iron deficiency anemia?" b. "This happens when the maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months." c. "This anemia is caused by blood loss." d. "The child may not have had it for a long time."

b. "This happens when the maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months."

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to the parents of a child with iron deficiency anemia regarding the administration of a liquid oral iron supplement. Which instruction would the nurse provide the mother? a. Administer the iron at mealtimes. b. Administer the iron through a straw. c. Mix the iron with cereal to administer. d. Add the iron to food for easy administration.

b. Administer the iron through a straw

When speaking to young parents, the nurse states that lead poisoning is one of the most common preventable health problems affecting children. What condition occurs when the level of lead ingested exceeds the amount that can be absorbed by the bone? a. Malnutrition b. Anemia c. Bone pain d. Diarrhea

b. Anemia

A patient is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 85 pounds, a 20% loss of body weight over the past year. The patient reports amenorrhea for 9 months. Vital signs are T 96.6° F; P 38 beats/min; BP 70/42 mm Hg; R 20 breaths/min. Skin turgor is poor. Lanugo is present. She says, "I need to lose 10 more pounds." These assessment findings indicate which medical diagnosis? a. Bulimia nervosa b. Anorexia nervosa c. Binge-eating disorder d. Dissociative identity disorder

b. Anorexia nervosa

The nurse is caring for a newborn with a myelomeningocele. Before surgery, what should the nursing interventions include? a. Leaving the lesion uncovered and placing the infant supine b. Covering the lesion with a sterile, saline-soaked gauze c. Applying lotion to the lesion to keep it moist d. Covering the lesion with a dry, sterile gauze

b. Covering the lesion with a sterile, saline-soaked gauze

What is the most common method of attempted suicide? a. Hanging b. Drug overdose C. Gunshot d. Slashing the wrists

b. Drug overdose

Lillian Wald, a social reformer at the turn of the 20th century, tounded the: a. National Commission on Children. b. Henry Street Settlement. c. White House Conference. d. U.S. Children's Bureau.

b. Henry Street Settlement

Which additional congenital malformation is expected in 80% of infants with a myelomeningocele? a. Cerebral palsy b. Hydrocephalus c. Meningitis d. Neuroblastoma

b. Hydrocephalus

Which additional congenital malformation is expected in 80% of infants with a myelomeningocele? a. Cerebral palsy b. Hydrocephalus c. Neuroblastoma d. Meningitis

b. Hydrocephalus

Which is a priority nursing intervention for the cognitively impaired child? a. The family will provide good nutrition. b. The family will provide loving interactions. c. Stimulation will improve. d. There will be contact with peers.

b. The family will provide loving interactions.

What is a disadvantage of using a mist tent with a toddler? a. The nurse must remove the restless child. b. The wet bedding and clothing must be changed frequently. c. The mist tent must be opened at least once every hour. d. All objects must be kept outside of the tent.

b. The wet bedding and clothing must be changed frequently

What is the purpose of a mist tent? a. To provide a constant oxygen supply b. To liquefy respiratory secretions c. To aid in lowering temperature d. To improve the infant's hydration

b. To liquefy respiration secretions

The nurse explains that for stability of the IV insertion site in an infant younger than 9 months of age, the insertion site is the: a. radial vein. b. scalp vein. c. femoral vein. d. brachial vein.

b. scalp vein.

The nurse cares for a 7-year-old child with new-onset seizure disorder. Which prescription will the nurse anticipate for this client? a. ketogenic diet b. use of anticonvulsant medications c. frequent temperature assessment d. vagus nerve stimulation

b. use of anticonvulsant medications

The nurse is explaining causes and reasons of hemophilia A to the parents of a child with the disease. The nurse would make which statement about hemophilia A? a. "Hemophilia A is a Y-linked hereditary disorder." b. "Hemophilia A results from a deficiency of factor IX." c. "Hemophilia A results from deficiency of factor VIII." d. "Hemophilia A is always inherited in a recessive manner."

c. "Hemophilia A results from deficiency of factor VIII."

What is the major criterion for diagnosing a child as cognitively impaired? a. An IQ of 75 or less b. Subaverage functioning C. An IQ of 70 or less d. Onset before 18

c. An IQ of 70 or less

A school-aged child is brought to the office of the camp nurse with a small, superficial burn (first-degree burn). Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate to take first? a. Apply a topical anesthetic ointment. b. Cover the area with a sterile bandage. c. Apply cold compresses to the area. d. Administer acetaminophen.

c. Apply cold compresses to the area.

What should the nurse caring for a 6-year-old child with acute glomerulonephritis anticipate as the most difficult part of the care to implement? a. Forced fluids b. Increased feedings c. Bed rest d. Frequent position changes

c. Bed rest

The nurse clarifies that child abuse and neglect are complicated and preventable problems falling under which broader term? a. Child abandonment b. Child mismanagement c. Child maltreatment d. Child torment

c. Child maltreatment

What is the main characteristic of cystic fibrosis? a. Multiple upper respiratory infections b. An underproduction of exocrine glands C. Excessive, thick mucus d. An overproduction of thin mucus

c. Excessive, thick mucus

Parents of a 5-year-old child diagnosed as cognitively impaired have come to the nurse to discuss different approaches to the ongoing care of their child. The nurse should suggest focusing on what activity? a. Acquiring job skills b. Making decisions c. Performing self-care activities d. Reading and doing simple math

c. Performing self-care activities

The nurse is assigned to care for an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. The mother of the infant calls the nurse to the room because the infant suddenly seems to be having difficulty breathing. The nurse enters the room and notes that the infant is experiencing a hypercyanotic episode. Which action should the nurse take? a. Call a code. b. Place the infant in a prone position. c. Place the infant in a knee-chest position. d. Contact the respiratory therapy department.

c. Place the infant in a knee-chest position

The nurse explains that cognitive impairment is categorized by four levels that depend on the intelligence quotient (IQ). How is a child with an IQ of 45 classified? a. Within the normal low range b. Educable c. Trainable d. Severe

c. Trainable

After observing parental behavior that leads the nurse to suspect child abuse, when should the nurse report the abuse? a. If the parent confesses to child abuse b. If the child admits to being abused c. Whenever maltreatment of a child is suspected d. When the type of abuse can be determined

c. Whenever maltreatment of a child is suspected

When interacting with the parents of a SIDS infant, the nurse should attempt to assist the parents with: a. encouraging the parents to have another baby. b. encouraging the parents to remain stoic. c. allaying feelings of guilt and blame. d. learning how the event could have been prevented.

c. allaying feelings of guilt and blame.

When using anticipatory guidance to prepare a 5-year-old for an IM injection, the nurse should state: a. "Ethan, I'm going to give you a shot." b. "Ethan, the doctor wants you to have some medicine, and it will hurt." c. "Ethan, some medicine can only be given with a needle." d. "Ethan, I am going to give you some medicine that will sting, but only for a little while."

d. "Ethan, I am going to give you some medicine that will sting, but only for a little while."

The nurse reinforces home care instructions to the parents of a 3-year-old child who has been hospitalized with hemophilia. Which statement by a parent indicates the need for further teaching? a. "I will supervise my child closely." b. "I will pad the corners of the furniture." c. "I will remove household items that can easily fall over." Rationale, Strategy d. "I will avoid immunizations and dental hygiene treatments for my child."

d. "I will avoid immunizations and dental hygiene treatments for my child."

What should the nurse assess in an infant who has been diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis? a. A history of diarrhea following each feeding b. Gastric pain evidenced by vigorous crying c. Poor appetite due to a poor sucking reflex d. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline

d. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline

Following a bout of diarrhea, which foods should be offered to the school-age child? a. Apricots and peaches b. Chocolate milk c. Applesauce and milk d. Bananas and rice

d. Bananas and rice

A child is to be admitted to the orthopedic unit following a Harrington rod insertion for the treatment of scoliosis. The nurse is assisting in preparing a plan of care for the child. The nurse plans to monitor which priority item in the immediate postoperative period? a. Pain level b. Ability to turn using the logroll technique c. Ability to flex and extend the lower extremities d. Capillary refill, sensation, and motion in all extremities

d. Capillary refill, sensation, and motion in all extremities

What are priority nursing interventions designed to do for a 4-year-old child with cerebral palsy? a. Assist with referral to specialized education. b. Support the child with independent toileting. c. Assist the child to develop effective communication. d. Encourage the child to ambulate independently.

d. Encourage the child to ambulate independently

The cognitive developmental level of the adolescent according to Piaget is the: a. concrete operational stage. b. sensorimotor stage. c. preoperational stage. d. formal operational stage.

d. Formal operational stage.

Which laboratory results should the nurse anticipate to be abnormal in a child with hemophilia? a. Prothrombin time b. Bleeding time c. Platelet count d. Partial thromboplastin time

d. Partial thromboplastin time

When conducting a class for parents about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse instructs the class that the infant should be placed in which position to sleep? a. Right side-lying b. Left side-lying c. Prone d. Supine

d. Supine

The nurse is interviewing the caregivers of a child brought to the emergency unit. The caregiver states, "She has a history of seizures but this time it lasted more than 30 minutes and she just keeps having them." The most accurate description of this child's condition would be: a. The child's history indicates she has infantile seizures. b. The child is having generalized seizures. c. The child may begin to have absence seizures every day. d. The child is in status epilepticus.

d. The child is in status epilepticus.

The health care provider is treating a child with meningitis with a course of antibiotic therapy. When should the nurse expect the child to be out of isolation? a. When the course of antibiotics is complete b. When the child has no symptoms of the disease c. When a negative CNS culture is obtained d. When the antibiotics have been initiated for 24 hours

d. When the antibiotics have been initiated for 24 hours

A symptom often seen in the child diagnosed with Haemophilus influenza meningitis occurs when the child has a stiff neck. This symptom is referred to as which of the following? a. encephalopathy b. opisthotonos c. purpuric rash d. nuchal rigidity

d. nuchal rigidity

The school nurse is teaching a group of teachers about various skin disorders seen in children. The nurse would identify the most obvious symptom of pediculosis as: a. small papule on the scalp. b. scaly rings with clear centers located on the scalp. c. scaling or cracking of the skin on the scalp. d. white flecks that are firmly attached to the hair shafts.

d. white flecks that are firmly attached to the hair shafts.

Which statement correctly explains the etiology of Down syndrome? a. There is an extra chromosome on the 21st pair. b. There is a missing chromosome on the 21st pair. C. There are two pairs of the 21st chromosome. d. The chromosome's 21st pair is missing

a. There is an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.

A nurse instructing a group of parents about injury prevention should inform the group that the leading cause of injury and death of infants and young children is: a. accidents. b. child abuse. c. drug abuse. d. adolescent parents.

a. accidents

A child who uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world is displaying characteristics consistent with Piaget's: a. sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. b. preoperational stage of cognitive development. c. formal operational stage of cognitive development. d. concrete operational stage of cognitive development.

a. sensorimotor stage of cognitive development

What assessment findings should lead the nurse to suspect Down syndrome in a newborn? a. Hypertonia and dark skin b. Low-set ears and a simian crease c. Inner epicanthal folds and a high, domed forehead d. Long, thin fingers and excessive hair

b. Low-set ears and a simian crease

An infant has been diagnosed with cradle cap. What is the correct intervention to treat the scalp? a. Alcohol b. Mineral oil c. Calamine d. A&D ointment

b. Mineral oil

The nurse is reinforcing home care instructions to the mother of an infant who has just been found to have hemophilia. The nurse would instruct the mother to do which? a. Use aspirin for pain relief. b. Pad crib rails and table corners. c. Use a soft toothbrush for dental hygiene. d. Use a generous amount of lubricant when taking a temperature rectally.

b. Pad crib rails and table corners

The nurse was caring for an infant who had come to the nursing unit for observation and treatment of tetralogy of Fallot. The child suddenly becomes cyanotic, and the oxygen saturation reading drops to 60%. The nurse would perform which action first? a. Assist to administer morphine sulfate. b. Place the child in a knee-chest position. c. Administer 100% oxygen by face mask. d. Prepare to administer intravenous fluids.

b. Place the child in a knee-chest position

A 5-year-old who has an imaginary friend with whom he converses frequently is displaying characteristics consistent with Piagets: a. operational stage. b. preoperational stage. c. formal operations stage. d. concrete operations stage.

b. Preoperational stage

A child who has just begun to demonstrate egocentric thinking is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational thought c. Formal operational thought d. Concrete operational thought

b. Preoperational thought

The parents of a child recently diagnosed with sickle cell anemia ask what can be done to avoid a sickle cell crisis. What should be included in the medical management of sickle cell crisis? a. Information for the parents including home care b. Provisions for adequate hydration and pain management c. Pain management and administration of iron supplements d. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII

b. Provisions for adequate hydration and pain management

The nurse uses a diagram to show that the tetralogy of Fallot involves a combination of four congenital defects. What are the defects? a. Aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy b. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy c. Aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy d. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy

b. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

The nurse is collecting data on a 12-month-old child with iron deficiency anemia. Which finding would the nurse expect to note in this child? a. Bradycardia b. Tachycardia c. Hyperactivity d. A reddened appearance to the cheeks

b. Tachycardia

The nurse is preparing discharge education for the caregivers of a child with a seizure disorder. Which goal of treatment is priority for this client? a. The family will understand seizure precautions. b. The child will have an understanding of the disorder. c. The child will remain free from injury during a seizure. d. The caregivers will be prepared to care for the child at home.

c. The child will remain free from injury during a seizure.

The nurse is collecting data on a 4-year-old child admitted to the burn unit. The nurse is concerned about the possibility of the child going into hypovolemic shock. Which of the following data would the nurse recognize as an indication that this may be occurring? a. The child's blood pressure is 128/86. b. The child is complaining of intense pain. c. The child's apical pulse is 140 bpm. d. The child's face is bright red in color.

c. The child's apical pulse is 140 bpm.

The nurse informs a group of young adults that the leading cause of death in their age group is: a. diabetes. b. accidents. c. hypertension. d. testicular cancer.

b. accidents

A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? a. place the child on a no salt added diet b. check the child's weight daily c. educate the parents about potential complications d. maintain a saline-lock

b. check the child's weight daily

What's is Enuresis?

bed wetting

Which assessment findings would the nurse expect in a child with coarctation of the aorta? a. Clear lungs bilaterally to auscultation b. Apical heart rate of 60 beats/min and respiratory rate of 20 c. Blood pressure in upper extremities higher than in lower extremities d. Bounding pulses in upper extremities and thready pulses in lower extremities

c. Blood pressure in upper extremities higher than in lower extremities

A mother of a child being treated for right lower lobe pneumonia at home calls the clinic nurse. The mother tells the nurse that the child has discomfort on the right side and that the acetaminophen is not very effective. Which is the best suggestion by the nurse? a. Increase the dose of the acetaminophen. b. Encourage the child to lie on the left side. c. Encourage the child to lie on the right side. d. Increase the frequency of the acetaminophen.

c. Encourage the child to lie on the right side.

4. What should the therapeutic management of iron deficiency anemia include? a. Multivitamins b. Calcium c. Ferrous sulfate d. lodine

c. Ferrous sulfate

In caring for the child with meningitis, the nurse recognizes that which nursing diagnosis would be most important to include in this child's plan of care? a. Risk for injury related to seizure activity b. Ineffective airway clearance related to history of seizures c. Risk for acute pain related to surgical procedure d. Delayed growth and development related to physical restrictions

a. Risk for injury related to seizure activity

A child who has just begun to demonstrate object permanence is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational thought c. Formal operational thought d. Concrete operational thought

a. Sensorimotor

What observation in an emergency department should lead a nurse to suspect child abuse in a child with a fractured arm? a. Lack of parental concern for the severity of the injury b. The child not answering questions concerning the injury c. Parents not asking about the child's condition d. Inconsistency between the injury and the parents' explanation of it

d. Inconsistency between the injury and the parents explanation of it

The nurse educates the family of a newly admitted child with cystic fibrosis that the treatment will be centered on what therapy? a. Chest physiotherapy b. Mucus-drying agents c. Prevention of diarrhea d. Insulin therapy

a. Chest physiotherapy

A nursing student is assigned to care for a child with hemophilia. The nursing instructor reviews the plan of care with the student and asks the student to describe the characteristics of this disorder. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further research? a. Males inherit hemophilia from their fathers b. Females inherit the carrier status from their fathers c. Hemophilia A results from deficiency of factor VIII d. Hemophilia is inherited in a recessive manner

a. Males inherit hemophilia from their fathers

Which should the nurse keep in mind when planning to communicate with a child who is autistic? a. The child has normal verbal communication. b. Expect the child to use sign language. c. The child may exhibit monotone speech and echolalia. d. The child is not listening if she is not looking a the nurse

c. The child may exhibit monotone speech and echolalia.

How is the infant with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) typically treated? a. By making the infant NPO b. By thickening the formula or breast milk with cereal c. By placing the infant to sleep on the side d. By switching the infant to cow's milk

b. By thickening the formula or breast milk with cereal

A 2-year-old child with laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is fussy and restless in the oxygen tent. The oxygen level in the tent is 25%, and blood gases are normal. What would be the correct action by the nurse? a. Restrain the child in the tent and notify the health care provider. b. Increase the oxygen concentration in the tent. c. Take the child out of the tent and into the playroom. d. Ask the mother for help in comforting the child.

b. Increase the oxygen concentration in the tent.

The nurse preparing to administer an IM injection to a 2-year-old recognizes the preferred injection site for a child of this age is the: a. deltoid muscle. b. upper thigh. c. mid-thigh. d. gluteus.

c. mid-thigh.

What other congenital defects are common in children with Down syndrome? a. Hypospadias b. Pyloric stenosis c. Heart defects d. Hip dysplasia

c. Heart defects

A 6-year-old patient in skeletal traction for a femur fracture has pain and edema of the thigh and is febrile. The nurse should suspect which condition? a. Meningitis b. Crepitus c. Osteomyelitis d. Osteochondrosis

c. Osteomyelitis

A nursing student is caring for a child diagnosed with Wilms' tumor. Which action by the student causes the faculty member to intervene? A. Assesses urinary output per protocol B. Involves the parents in the child's care C. Palpates the abdomen in all four quadrants D. Provides frequent nutritious snacks

c. Palpates the abdomen in all four quadrants

Which physiologic alteration does the nurse expect in a child diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome? a. Increased blood volume b. Increased blood protein c. Presence of protein in urine d. Presence of sodium in urine

c. Presence of protein in urine

Which information would the nurse provide to the parents of a child with nephritic syndrome on prednisone (Deltasone)? a. Teach the parents about foods that have low protein content. b. Teach the parents to insist the child eat three large meals per day. c. Teach the parents to minimize the child's exposure to communicable diseases. d. Teach the parents about foods that are rich in sodium to be included in the child's diet.

c. Teach the parents to minimize the child's exposure to communicable diseases.

The parents of a child who has been diagnosed with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause of the pain? a. Inflammation of the vessels b. Obstructed blood flow c. Overhydration d. Stress-related headaches

b. Obstructed blood flow

A child is suspected of having aplastic anemia. What physical assessment should the nurse perform to correlate with this condition? A. Abdominal palpation B. Lung auscultation C. Oral assessment D. Skin inspection

A. Abdominal palpation

The mother of a 5-year-old girl describes her daughter's symptoms to the nurse in the emergency room. She states that her daughter has had "a dry, hacking cough for the past 3 days that gets worse during the night." She further states that "now she is coughing up phlegm." Which discharge instruction does the nurse plan to provide? A. "Do not be surprised if she vomits her secretions." B. "Give your child cough drops as often as needed." C. "Return if she is not better after 3 days of antibiotics." D. "You can use a warm-mist humidifier in her room."

A. Do not be surprised if she vomits her secretions.

What are UTI's usually caused by?

Bacteria and urinary stasis

The nurse is caring for a child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia receiving furosemide (Lasix). Which finding would lead the nurse to conclude the child has a side effect of this drug? A. Acidosis B. Hypercarbia C. Hypokalemia D. Thrombocytopenia

C. Hypokalemia

Secondary amenorrhea is: A. failure to begin menstruation by age 20. B. increased myometrial vasculature constriction. C. menarche failure. D. the absence of menstruation following menarche.

D. the absence of menstruation following menarche.

Which assessment findings should the nurse note in a school-age child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)? (Select all that apply)

Lordosis Gower's sign Waddling gait

The nurse is collecting data from a child suspected of having juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Which findings would the nurse expect to note if JIA were present? Select all that apply.

Malaise, fatigue, and lethargy Painful, stiff, and swollen joints Limited range of motion of the joints History of late afternoon temperature, with temperature spiking up to 105°F

Mittelschmerz

One sided lower belly pain associated with ovulation

A single parent of a child with leukemia tells the nurse that exhaustion has set in and she would love the opportunity to have a day to just visit with a friend and relax. For what type of care could the nurse make a referral?

Respite care

A nursing student is asked to discuss juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) at a clinical conference scheduled for the end of the clinical day. Which statement by the nursing student indicates the need for further research of this disorder? a. "The cause of this disease is unknown." b. "JIA most often occurs by age of 10 years." c. "This disease is twice as likely to occur in boys as in girls." d. "Clinical manifestations include morning stiffness and painful, stiff, swollen joints."

a. "The cause of this disease is unknown."

Which laboratory finding indicates nephrotic syndrome? a. Low specific gravity b. Normal platelet count c. Decreased hematocrit d. Proteinuria

a. Proteninuria

A 4-year-old child has just been diagnosed with pseudohypertrophic (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy. The management plan should include which action? a. Recommend genetic counseling. b. Explain that the disease is easily treated. c. Suggest ways to limit the use of muscles. d. Assist family in finding a nursing facility to provide his care.

a. Recommend genetic counseling.

A child with a tracheal obstruction is brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services. The child aspirated a grape, and the foreign body was removed by direct laryngoscopy. Following the procedure, which information does the nurse plan to give to the parents of the child? a. The child will need to be hospitalized for observation. b. The child may go home with a prescription for antibiotics. c. The child will need to return to the hospital for a chest x-ray in 1 week. d. The child will require a bronchoscopy for follow-up evaluation in 1 month.

a. The child will need to be hospitalized for observation.

The major concern guiding treatment for the child with Legg-Calv-Perthes disease is to: a. avoid permanent deformity. b. minimize pain. c. maintain normal activities. d. encourage new hobbies.

a. avoid permanent deformity.

The pediatric nurse is admitting a child diagnosed with tuberculosis. What personal protective equipment (PPE) will the nurse prepare?

airborne infection isolation

Which intervention is part of the discharge plan for a child with osteomyelitis? a. Instructions for a low-calorie diet b. A referral to a home healthcare agency c. Instructions for a high-fat, low-protein diet d. Instructions for the parent to return the child to team sports immediately

b. A referral to a home healthcare agency

Which is a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease? a. Frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gases b. Excessive peristaltic movement c. The absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon d. One portion of the bowel telescoping into another

c. The absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon

The nurse is discussing the ears and hearing in a child with a group of peers. Which statement is most accurate related to this topic? a. The eardrum is located between the middle and the internal ear. b. Most children do not have acutely developed hearing until the age of 5 years. c. The eustachian tube in the infant is straighter and wider than in the adult. d. The infant usually responds to sounds around the age of 6 months.

c. The eustachian tube in the infant is straighter and wider than in the adult.

Which factor is important to include in the teaching plan for parents of a child with Legg-Calv-Perthes disease? a. It is a chronic disease with long-term sequelae. b. It affects children in the toddler stage. c. There is a disturbance in the blood supply to the femoral epiphysis. d. It is caused by a virus.

c. There is a disturbance in the blood supply to the femoral epiphysis.

The nurse is doing an in-service training on clinical manifestations seen in communicable diseases. Which best describes a macule? a. small elevation of epidermis filled with a viscous fluid b. redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries c. discolored skin spot not elevated at the surface d. small, circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin

c. discolored skin spot not elevated at the surface

A nurse instructing a group of parents about steps to reduce the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome should instruct the parents to: a. bottle-feed an infant at night. b. place infants on their stomach to sleep. c. keep an infant's room well ventilated. d. place soft bedding and pillows in an infant's crib.

c. keep an infant's room well ventilated.

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to the mother of a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis regarding measures to take if a painful exacerbation of the disease occurs. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for further teaching? a. "Hot or cold packs will assist in reducing discomfort." b. "The painful joint should be splinted and positioned in a neutral position." c. "I should have my child perform simple isometric exercises during exacerbations." d. "The full range-of-motion (ROM) exercises must be performed every day, even during the exacerbations."

d. "The full range-of-motion (ROM) exercises must be performed every day, even during the exacerbations."

Which information about a patient with bulimia nervosa should the nurse document as subjective data? a. Scarred fingers b. Sores around mouth c. Loss of tooth enamel d. Feeling out of control

d. Feeling out of control

The clinic nurse reviews the record of an infant and notes that the primary health care provider (PHCP) has documented a diagnosis of suspected Hirschsprung's disease. The nurse reviews the assessment findings documented in the record, knowing that which sign most likely led the mother to seek health care for the infant? a. Diarrhea b. Projectile vomiting c. Regurgitation of feedings d. Foul-smelling ribbon-like stools

d. Foul-smelling ribbon-like stools

Which assessment finding would the nurse document as subjective evidence of anorexia nervosa? a. Lanugo b. Bradycardia c. 25-pound weight loss d. Patient states fear of gaining weight

d. Patient states fear of gaining weight

A woman has just been told that her 5-year-old has leukemia. She says, "How can this be?" The mother is exhibiting signs of which of the following?

denial

Pyelonephritis

kidney infection

A child who is able to use a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational thought c. Formal operational thought d. Concrete operational thought

c. Formal operational thought

When communicating with parents suspected of child abuse, what should the nurse be sure to do? a. Tell them the law requires reporting of the incident. b. Be sympathetic to their needs. c. Interact with them in a nonjudgmental manner. d. Suggest psychiatric counseling.

c. Interact with them in a nonjudgmental manner.

A teenage girl has been placed in a brace for the treatment of scoliosis, the most common skeletal deformity of adolescence. The family asks what they can do to be more supportive. What suggestion of the nurse is the most appropriate? a. Enrolling her in a health club b. Taking her to the mall in a wheelchair c. Purchasing clothes to disguise the cast d. Spending a majority of their time with her

c. Purchasing clothes to disguise the cast

Laboratory studies are performed on a child suspected of iron deficiency anemia. The nurse reviews the laboratory results, knowing that which finding indicates this type of anemia? a. A decreased reticulocyte count b. An elevated red blood cell (RBC) count c. RBCs that are microcytic and hypochromic d. An elevated hemoglobin level with a low hematocrit level

c. RBCs that are microcytic and hypochromic

The nurse is reinforcing home care instructions to the mother of a child with hemophilia. Which activity would the nurse suggest that the child can safely participate in with peers? a. Soccer b. Basketball c. Swimming d. Field hockey

c. Swimming

A child who has just begun to demonstrate the ability to understand and apply logical operations to help interpret specific experiences or perceptions is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational thought c. Formal operational thought d. Concrete operational thought

d. Concrete operational thought

The nurse is caring for a newborn with a myelomeningocele. Before surgery, what should the nursing interventions include? a. Covering the lesion with a dry, sterile gauze b. Leaving the lesion uncovered and placing the infant supine c. Applying lotion to the lesion to keep it moist d. Covering the lesion with a sterile, saline-soaked gauze

d. Covering the lesion with a sterile, saline-soaked gauze

The mother of a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) asks why her child must be kept NPO. Which responses would be the most correct? a. The epinephrine given causes nausea and vomiting. b. The child is being hydrated with IV fluids. c. The child is not hungry. d. The child's rapid respirations pose a risk for aspiration

d. The child's rapid respirations pose a risk for aspiration