Penny Review Questions

What are the charcteristics of Sacrococcygeal teratoma

Located at the base of the tailbone (coccyx). Are most common in female fetus They appear complex and solid They have the potential to grow inside the pelvis Thay may become malignant

What pelvic muscles would be best described as the paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries?

Obturator internus muscles

An 18-year-old female patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. She has a negative pregnancy test, normal white blood cell count, and does not complain of any menstrual inconsistency. Sonographically, an enlarged, multicystic mass is noted in the right adnexa. While no right ovary is noted with sonography, the left ovary appears normal. Upon color Doppler interrogation of the structure, no flow is demonstrated. What are these findings most indicative of?

Ovarian torsion (is a torsed ovary of an enlarged ovary, with or without the presence of multifollicular development and with lack of arterial flow.

Tetrology of Fallot consist of

Overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and LEFT ventricular hypertrophy

A 26-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history endometriosis. What will likely be the clinical findings for this patient?

Pelvic pain Dyspareunia Infertility Dysmenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Painful bowel movement or Asymptomatic

Which of the following would be described as the most common malignancy of the ovary?

Serous cystdenocarcinoma

The laboratory value in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma

Serum lactate dehydrogenase

Describe the proper technique for obtaining the nuchal thickness measurement

Starting at the axial plane at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and angeling coronally to include the cerebellum and the occipital lobe.

________ is defined as a group of clinically observable findings that exist together and allow for classification

Syndrome

What would be considered the most common intracranial tumor discovered in utero?

Teratoma

What chromosome abnormality most likely be associated with a partial molar pregnancy, elevated human chorionic gonadotropin level, and bilateral ovarian theca lutein cysts?

Tripoildy

Which trisomy or chromosomal abnormality would be LEAST likely associated with an increased fetal nuchal translucency measurement in the first trimester?

Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)

What is considered the most common cause of hydronephrosis in neonate and the most common renal obstruction

Uteropelvic junction obstruction (located in the renal pelvis and ureter)

The most common initial clinical presentation in the early stages of pelvic inflammatory disease is:

Vaginities

Which of the following would most likely lead to endometrial hyperplasia? a) Tamoxifen b)Ovarian cystic teratoma c) Brenner tumor

a) Tamoxifen (is a breast cancer drug that inhibits estrogen and can cause endometrium hyperplasia)

Upon sonographic investigation of the fetal heart in a 20-week fetus, you visualize two echogenic masses within the myocardium. Which of the following would be most likely associated with this discovery? a)Cytomegalovirus b)Tuberous sclerosis c)Fetal tuberculosis d)Toxoplasmosis exposure

b)Tuberous sclerosis The most common fetal cardiac tumor is Rhabdomyoma, which is associated with Tuberous sclerosis, cardiac failure and fetal hydrops. Tumors can be isolated or multiple

Which of the following ovarian mass is associated with Megis Syndrome a) Adenomyoma b) Endometrioma c) Fibroma d) Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma

c) Fibroma Megis syndrome- pleural effusion and ascites in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor

An elevated maternal serum protein alpha-fetoprotein is associated with all of the following accept a) Multiple gestation b) Spina bifida aperta c) Spina bifida occulta d) Gastroschisis

c) Spina bifida occulta Elevated MSAFP is associated with multiple gestation, spina bifida aperta, gastroschisis. Closed spinia bifida (Spina bifida occulta) does not associate with high MSFAP

A follow-up sonographic examination of a 27-week gestation is highly suspicious for intrauterine growth restriction. What measurement is the best predictor of intrauterine growth restriction?

Abdominal circumference

What clinical finding could be described as a change in menstrual bleeding patterns from either endocrine abnormalities or lesions within the uterus?

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Upon sonographic examination of a 22-week fetus, you discover evidence of micromelia, absent mineralization of the skull, spine and pelvis, and polyhydramnios. Based on the sonographic findings, which of the following is most likely?

Achondrogenesis

What associated with microcephaly

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Is the enlargement of several organs like the liver, tongue and skull

Thecoma

Benign ovarian sex cord stromal tumor Postmenopausal women Estrogen producing Post menopausal vaginal bleeding estrogen stimulation on the endometrium

What mass consist of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest?

CAM Cystic adenomnatoid malformation

The_________ are the extensions of trophoblastic tissue that invade the decidualized endometrium

Chorionic villi

What scan planes would be best for demonstrating a unilateral cleft lip?

Coronal imaging of the face

Monthly symptoms of menstruation without bleeding describes:

Cryptomenorrhea

What type of mass result from the retention of an unfertilized ovum that differentiates into the three germ cell layers?

Cystic Teratoma (Dermoid) Is the most common benign ovarian tumor. Mostly found in the reproductive stage Complex or partial cystic mass with more than one echogenic structures Asystamatic

You are performing a pelvic sonogram on a 65-year-old patient for pelvic pain. The endometrial thickness appears symmetric, echogenic, and measures 5 mm. What most likely is the diagnosis

Endometrial Atrophy is highly suspected (will not appear more than 5mm)

Demise of a twin in the second trimester with maceration (detained throughout the pregnancy) is termed:

Fetus papyraceous

_________________ described as a technique of assisted reproductive technology, whereby an oocyte and sperm are placed in the fallopian tube laparoscopically, for fertilization?

Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer

A 60-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for vaginal spotting. Which of the following ovarian tumors could possibly be a cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding?

Granulusa cell tumor Is an estrogen producing tumor that causes postmenopausal bleeding

The most common non-lethal skeletal dysplasia is?

Heterozygous achondroplasia This type of dwarfism is when the proximal portion (humeri & femurs) of the limbs are are much shorter than the distal portion aka rhizomelia

The Doppler analysis of malignant ovarian masses often reveal:

High diastolic flow

Describe a trident hand

Increase space between the third and fourth finger

Nuchal Transluceny NT

Is performed in a sagittal plane with the fetus in a neutral position Performed around 11-14weeks Should not exceed 3mm