Penny Review Questions
What are the charcteristics of Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Located at the base of the tailbone (coccyx). Are most common in female fetus They appear complex and solid They have the potential to grow inside the pelvis Thay may become malignant
What pelvic muscles would be best described as the paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries?
Obturator internus muscles
An 18-year-old female patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. She has a negative pregnancy test, normal white blood cell count, and does not complain of any menstrual inconsistency. Sonographically, an enlarged, multicystic mass is noted in the right adnexa. While no right ovary is noted with sonography, the left ovary appears normal. Upon color Doppler interrogation of the structure, no flow is demonstrated. What are these findings most indicative of?
Ovarian torsion (is a torsed ovary of an enlarged ovary, with or without the presence of multifollicular development and with lack of arterial flow.
Tetrology of Fallot consist of
Overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and LEFT ventricular hypertrophy
A 26-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history endometriosis. What will likely be the clinical findings for this patient?
Pelvic pain Dyspareunia Infertility Dysmenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Painful bowel movement or Asymptomatic
Which of the following would be described as the most common malignancy of the ovary?
Serous cystdenocarcinoma
The laboratory value in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma
Serum lactate dehydrogenase
Describe the proper technique for obtaining the nuchal thickness measurement
Starting at the axial plane at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and angeling coronally to include the cerebellum and the occipital lobe.
________ is defined as a group of clinically observable findings that exist together and allow for classification
Syndrome
What would be considered the most common intracranial tumor discovered in utero?
Teratoma
What chromosome abnormality most likely be associated with a partial molar pregnancy, elevated human chorionic gonadotropin level, and bilateral ovarian theca lutein cysts?
Tripoildy
Which trisomy or chromosomal abnormality would be LEAST likely associated with an increased fetal nuchal translucency measurement in the first trimester?
Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
What is considered the most common cause of hydronephrosis in neonate and the most common renal obstruction
Uteropelvic junction obstruction (located in the renal pelvis and ureter)
The most common initial clinical presentation in the early stages of pelvic inflammatory disease is:
Vaginities
Which of the following would most likely lead to endometrial hyperplasia? a) Tamoxifen b)Ovarian cystic teratoma c) Brenner tumor
a) Tamoxifen (is a breast cancer drug that inhibits estrogen and can cause endometrium hyperplasia)
Upon sonographic investigation of the fetal heart in a 20-week fetus, you visualize two echogenic masses within the myocardium. Which of the following would be most likely associated with this discovery? a)Cytomegalovirus b)Tuberous sclerosis c)Fetal tuberculosis d)Toxoplasmosis exposure
b)Tuberous sclerosis The most common fetal cardiac tumor is Rhabdomyoma, which is associated with Tuberous sclerosis, cardiac failure and fetal hydrops. Tumors can be isolated or multiple
Which of the following ovarian mass is associated with Megis Syndrome a) Adenomyoma b) Endometrioma c) Fibroma d) Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
c) Fibroma Megis syndrome- pleural effusion and ascites in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor
An elevated maternal serum protein alpha-fetoprotein is associated with all of the following accept a) Multiple gestation b) Spina bifida aperta c) Spina bifida occulta d) Gastroschisis
c) Spina bifida occulta Elevated MSAFP is associated with multiple gestation, spina bifida aperta, gastroschisis. Closed spinia bifida (Spina bifida occulta) does not associate with high MSFAP
A follow-up sonographic examination of a 27-week gestation is highly suspicious for intrauterine growth restriction. What measurement is the best predictor of intrauterine growth restriction?
Abdominal circumference
What clinical finding could be described as a change in menstrual bleeding patterns from either endocrine abnormalities or lesions within the uterus?
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Upon sonographic examination of a 22-week fetus, you discover evidence of micromelia, absent mineralization of the skull, spine and pelvis, and polyhydramnios. Based on the sonographic findings, which of the following is most likely?
Achondrogenesis
What associated with microcephaly
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Is the enlargement of several organs like the liver, tongue and skull
Thecoma
Benign ovarian sex cord stromal tumor Postmenopausal women Estrogen producing Post menopausal vaginal bleeding estrogen stimulation on the endometrium
What mass consist of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest?
CAM Cystic adenomnatoid malformation
The_________ are the extensions of trophoblastic tissue that invade the decidualized endometrium
Chorionic villi
What scan planes would be best for demonstrating a unilateral cleft lip?
Coronal imaging of the face
Monthly symptoms of menstruation without bleeding describes:
Cryptomenorrhea
What type of mass result from the retention of an unfertilized ovum that differentiates into the three germ cell layers?
Cystic Teratoma (Dermoid) Is the most common benign ovarian tumor. Mostly found in the reproductive stage Complex or partial cystic mass with more than one echogenic structures Asystamatic
You are performing a pelvic sonogram on a 65-year-old patient for pelvic pain. The endometrial thickness appears symmetric, echogenic, and measures 5 mm. What most likely is the diagnosis
Endometrial Atrophy is highly suspected (will not appear more than 5mm)
Demise of a twin in the second trimester with maceration (detained throughout the pregnancy) is termed:
Fetus papyraceous
_________________ described as a technique of assisted reproductive technology, whereby an oocyte and sperm are placed in the fallopian tube laparoscopically, for fertilization?
Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer
A 60-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for vaginal spotting. Which of the following ovarian tumors could possibly be a cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding?
Granulusa cell tumor Is an estrogen producing tumor that causes postmenopausal bleeding
The most common non-lethal skeletal dysplasia is?
Heterozygous achondroplasia This type of dwarfism is when the proximal portion (humeri & femurs) of the limbs are are much shorter than the distal portion aka rhizomelia
The Doppler analysis of malignant ovarian masses often reveal:
High diastolic flow
Describe a trident hand
Increase space between the third and fourth finger
Nuchal Transluceny NT
Is performed in a sagittal plane with the fetus in a neutral position Performed around 11-14weeks Should not exceed 3mm