period 4 social questions

what did tocqueville predict would happen?

"In the most horrible of civil wars"

the people of the church don't want to admit they are wrong and people will question the church, justify religion and make themselves look better even though they are doing awful things

"great men" and "the church"

garrison says

"the fear of man which bringeth a snare"

foundation of american literature and american art

1800-1848

national organization / first national temperance society

1826

transcendentalism rose in the _____ due to ____________

1830s, intellectualism

temperance movement lasted from

1830s-1860s

grimke's speech was in the year

1838

Which of the following political changes most likely influenced the Second Great Awakening?

A participatory democracy expanded belief in the importance of the individual.

what does thomas hamilton witness?

A slave trade of a "sick" women

The activity shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following? (the first cotton gin)

An increase in the number of Northern textile factories

declaration of rights and sentiments was based on the

DOI

what does freedom mean to hamilton? are african americans really free?

Freedom means the enjoyment of equal rights and powers that god had given them, PREJUDICE, african americans are not really free

what would be henry tudor's solution to slavery?

Has a problem with immediate abolition because slaves have no marketable skills, have the people who created slavery die out

mormons were in __

NY

what did tocqueville say about gradual abolition?

Posed little danger and the freedman had time to learn the art of being free

The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of

RWE

founder of movement

RWE

influential people in the transcendentalist movement

RWE and HDT

vocal abolitionist and spoke out against the fugitive slave law and the kansas - nebraska act of 1854

RWE became a

what does hamilton say about slavery in the north?

Slavery was not profitable in the north

how will slavery end in hamilton's POV?

Slavery will only end by a civil war

what did tocqueville say that difference of impact was in the south vs the north?

The difference of OH and Kentucky was that the people of OH had a worth ethic than the ones in the southern states

who painted oxbow?

Thomas Cole (1836)

according to tocqueville, how was slavery viewed in america and the prospect of blacks and whites living together?

Thought it was unheard of, would turn into a civil war and would never be possible for a peaceful ending, Poinsett said that slavery was a great evil and a gaining ground for america.

what does henry tudor witness?

Witnessed a slave auction and slaves being treated unfairly

William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society were known for

advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation

very detailed lob of who gave who something

barter economy

"In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmogonal philosophy of the Bhagvat Geeta, since whose composition years of the gods have elapsed, and in comparison with which our modern world and its literature seem puny and trivial."

bhagavad gita

NY is the ___________ district

burned over

people would listen to preachers while teachers would convert people's religions

camp meetings

women argued that they should take the roles of educating children because they are natural __________

caregivers

The Duty of American Women to Her Country - claimed the US lost its moral due to democratic excess

catherine beecher

protestants thought

catholics were drunks

women must not work outside the home

cult of domesticity

women were the guardian of the home

cult of domesticity

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." "The history of mankind," "is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her."

declaration of rights and sentiments quote

All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT

federal constitutional provisions for emancipation

the artist and his family - the women stands in front of the man showing the care she gives to the family

james peale

the georgian style was more suitable for a

republic

epicenter of new religious units

rochester

edgar allen poe

romantic era, gothic, individuality, emotion

georgian style originates from

the greeks and romans

The image most directly reflects which of the following trends of the early nineteenth century? (stage, many people)

the rise of Protestant evangelical fervor in new western states and territories

a group of poets/writers that believed the truth transcends the observable world

transcendentalists

fiction writers

washington irving, james fenimore cooper

1840 - middle class men came together to curb their alcohol consumption

washingtonian temperance society

_____ led many antebellum reforms such as transcendentalism, abolition and temperance

women

1817 - send all african americans (free or enslaved) back to africa, made liberia in west africa for this purpose

ACS (American colonization society)

the parlor was the sight of northern female

AUTHORITY

"Resolved, That woman is man's equal.... "Resolved, That woman has too long rested satisfied in the circumscribed limits which corrupt customs... have marked out for her, and that it is time she should move in the enlarged sphere... assigned her. "Resolved, That it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise. "Resolved,... That, being invested by the Creator with the same capabilities, and the same consciousness of responsibility for their exercise, it is demonstrably the right and duty of woman, equally with man, to promote every righteous cause, by every righteous means." Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support?

Abolitionism

The main goal of the American Colonization Society was to promote colonization in

Africa by free Black persons and former slaves

"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society's] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease." Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 Which of the following evidence did the American Temperance Society in the excerpt use to support its argument about the need for the temperance movement?

Alcohol consumption damaged people's physical and emotional well-being.

"I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . . ". . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . . ". . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition." Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837. The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War?

As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult.

supported women preaching in public

Charles Grandison Finney

what did tocqueville note in northern states?

Immigrants were flooding to the northern states and the distinction of separation of whites and blacks were surprising

what does hamilton say about inheriting slavery from britain?

In the past 50 years, they've done nothing about it

The development of the Second Great Awakening can best be linked to which of the following historical situations?

Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas.

Which of the following was a core belief of the transcendentalists of the early nineteenth century?

Individual conduct should be guided by truths found in the individual conscience.

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon about the Monroe Doctrine?

It declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European intervention.

what did JQA say about slavery when tocqueville interviewed him?

JQA said that slavery was a great plague of the united states and was the root for problems for the future, "fear for the future"

emerson wrote essays called

Nature (1836) and self reliance (1841)

what does beaumont mean when he says, "custom is more powerful than law"

People's opinions/views are more powerful than the law

"Joseph Smith... came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life without social standing or institutional backing. His family rarely attended church. Yet in the fourteen years he headed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Smith created a religious culture that survived his death, flourished in the most desolate regions of the United States, and continues to grow worldwide....In 1830 at the age of twenty-four, he published the Book of Mormon....He built cities and temples and gathered thousands of followers before he was killed at age thirty-eight." Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism's Founder, 2005 The goals of the Mormons, as described in the excerpt, were most like the goals of which of the following colonial groups?

Puritans in New England

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony lead the

SFC

does beaumont think slavery in america will end?

Slavery will eventually end, but black men and women would never be free from racial prejudice

what southern laws did J.M. Peck question? were these laws effective?

Slaves were not allowed to read. This was not effective since slaves will find out their rights of man and they cannot be watched all of the time.

1853 - book of how drunk people were

Ten Nights in a Bar Room

The main trend shown in the table was most directly associated with which of the following government policies occurring in the United States at the time? (Federal funding for infrastructure improvements, 1820-1840)

The American System

Nathaniel Currier - 1846 (shows the effect alc has on you over time (consumption gets larger)

The Drunkard's Progress

The migrants represented by the graph most typically settled in which of the following regions of the United States?

The Northeast

"Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness." — Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845 "Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery 'the great sin and shame of America'!" — Frederick Douglass, speech titled "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," 1852 The language used in both excerpts most directly reflects the influence of which of the following?

The Second Great Awakening

what was james alexander alarmed by in new orleans?

The blacks were planning to massacre the whites

"Free should the scholar be,—free and brave. . . . We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe. . . . We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds. Then shall man be no longer a name for pity, for doubt, and for sensual indulgence. . . . A nation of men will for the first time exist." Ralph Waldo Emerson, transcendentalist writer, 1837 Emerson's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the early nineteenth century?

The emergence of a national culture

"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . "It was always the custom to have a muster every year. On that occasion every White man shouldered his musket. The citizens and the so-called country gentlemen wore military uniforms. . . . "I knew the houses were to be searched; and I expected it would be done by country bullies and the poor Whites. . . . "It was a grand opportunity for the low Whites, who had no Negroes of their own to scourge. They exulted in such a chance to exercise a little brief authority, and show their subserviency to the slaveholders; not reflecting that the power which trampled on the colored people also kept themselves in poverty, ignorance, and moral degradation. . . . Colored people and slaves who lived in remote parts of the town suffered in an especial manner. In some cases the searchers scattered [gun]powder and shot among their clothes, and then sent other parties to find them, and bring them forward as proof that they were plotting insurrection." Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following claims best aligns with the evidence in the excerpt about the relationship between enslaved African Americans and White Southern citizens?

The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the activists who attended the Seneca Falls Convention?

They called for expanded women's rights.

"The black church was the center of the free black community, and the spirituality it expressed was a this-worldly faith. Formal black churches began with small informal groups meeting for worship in peoples' homes, with Sunday school classes, with a core of black worshipers relegated to a corner or gallery in predominantly white churches, or in the camp meetings or revival weeks held by evangelical sects. The black church became a sanctuary from oppresion where the spirits of God and the ancestors who had suffered through two hundred years of slavery and discrimination in American could be called on to give guidance, strength, and support to members of the congregation." -Source: James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, historians, In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community and Protest Among Northern Free Blacks, 1700-1860, 1998 The passage most strongly supports which of the following arguments about the role churches played in the abolition movement?

They provided a space to form black communities.

"Build, therefore, your own world. As fast as you conform your life to the pure idea in your mind, that will unfold its great proportions. A correspondent revolution in things will attend the influx of the spirit." The 1836 passage above exemplifies which of the following intellectual trends?

Transcendentalism

lightning and thunder quote, does it do a good job?

YES, because it is talking about knowing something is coming, but not knowing who or when it will affect others.

"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines."

a famous quote by Emerson from self-reliance was

"When the churches are thus awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow, going through the same stages for conviction, repentance, and reformation. Their hearts will be broken down and changed. Very often the most abandoned profligates are among the subjects. Harlots, and drunkards, and infidels, and all sorts of abandoned characters are awakened and converted." -Source: Charles G. Finney, "What A Revival of Religion Is," New York Evangelist, 1834 Which of the following best describes one similarity shared between the First Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening?

a push for individual responsibility

_________ was the focus of american people putting temperance on hold

abolition

people of slavery had souls just like everyone else, immeadiate freedom

abolitionist movement

1826 - upper class northern white men saying we shouldn;t drink as much, teetotalism

american temperance society

preacher who rides around on a horse

circuit riders

The women's movement in the antebellum period was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

demands for equal compensation for equal work

rugged individual, pioneer spirit

democracy

another second great awakening definition

early 1800s social reforms of christian ideals within social institutions (education, prisons, women's right movements)

the second great awakening had many movements...

economic, political, social, cultural and religious movements

business manager of the dial, in 1860 established kindergarten in the US

elizabeth palmer peabody

goals of sarah and angelina grimke

end slavery and achieve female equality

RWE was an

essayist and a public lecturer

"heaven on earth"

evangelical christianity

"The question before us is the right of suffrage— who shall or who shall not have the right to vote. The committee have presented the scheme they thought best; to abolish all existing distinctions, and make the right of voting uniform. Is this not right? . . . The principle of the scheme now proposed is, that those who bear the burthens [sic] of the state, should choose those that rule it. — There is no privilege given to property, as such; but those who contribute to the public support, we consider as entitled to a share in the election of rulers." -Nathan Sanford, excerpt from the Report of the Debates and Proceedings of the Convention of the State of New York, 1821 Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following?

extension of suffrage to white women

women's right movement first helped abolitionism then led to

gender equality

painted many pictures of political men

gilbert

garrison agrees with _______ abolition

gradual

women should protest and says that headlines in press, doing your reading and educate the youth of why slavery is bad, buy books to give to your neighbors

grimke's advice to abolition

women can't vote, petitions, you can only reach the legislature by petitions

grimke's view on legislature

the ______ sisters joined the abolition movement and in ____ they embarked on a lecture tour (promiscuous assemblies)

grimke, 1837

garrison wants to be _____

heard

political party that formed in 1840 to ban slavery

liberty party

at first this movement started with ________ alcohol but turned into __________ it

limiting, prohibiting

author of "little women"

louisa may alcott

nominated to run for vice president

lucretia mott

people were not able to be drunk on the job because of the institution of _________

machinery

edited the dialist which was first published in 1840 and served as the journal of transcendentalists until 1844

margaret fuller

wrote about state of women

margaret fuller

want Jesus Christ to return to Earth for 1,000 years

millenarianism

said christ would be back in 1843

millerism/millerites plus mormons

walker thinks gradual abolition was a _______

mistake

beecher thought that _____ could be installed by giving children a sense of right and wrong

moral

Joseph Smith - visited by an angel who brought him gold plates

mormons

1831 - VA - biggest slave revolt

nat turner

when catholic immigrants came to the country

nativism

people who live where tend to have money?

near byways, rivers, oceans and railroads

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the central and western areas of New York were known as the "burned-over district" because

of intense religious zeal created during the Second Great Awakening

John Humphrey Noyes - complex marriage (same sex marriage) - made silverware

oneida

transcendentalists _______ slavery and believed in civil disobedience

opposed

"The papers tell you there are no parties now. Republicans and federalists [indeed] are all [combined]. This, my friend, is not so. The same parties exist now which existed before. But the name of Federalist was extinguished in the battle of New Orleans; and those who wore it now call themselves republicans. Like the fox pursued by the dogs, they take shelter in the midst of the sheep. They see that monarchism is a hopeless wish in this country, and are rallying anew to the next best point, a consolidated government. They are therefore endeavoring to break the barriers of state rights, provided by the constitution, against a consolidation." -Source: Thomas Jefferson to Gilbert du Motier, the Marquis de Lafayette, UH Digital History, 1822 Which of the following developments in the 1820s best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the passage?

opposition to federally funded internal improvements

Maine in 1833

outlawed the sale of liquor

thoreau acknowledged indian religious beliefs by

paying homage to the bhagavad gita

the idea that God has decided if you are elected or damned

predestination

angelina grimke became a _______

quaker

Second Great Awakening

religious and reform movements

lyman beecher was a _______ man

secular

first conference in america devoted to women's rights

seneca falls convention (1848)

separated sexes, dance circles and looked like they were shaking

shakers

lyman beecher

six sermons on the sins of alcohol (solidified that it was anti-christian to drink)

walker reads a newspaper about barbarity, and then sees a

slave ad

transcendentalists yearned for...

spiritual experiences, reason and rationality

William Lloyd Garrison, the editor of the Liberator, showed _______ for the grimke's

support

drink NO alcohol - sign a pledge to drink no alcohol

teetotalism

Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, women reformers were most active in the cause of

temperance

reduced or eliminated people's consumption of alcohol

temperance movement

whigs were very big __________ people, catholics were _________

temperance, democrats

walker believes slavery is ashamed of by _________

the Lord

Which of the following historical events had a significant impact on the geographical region shown on the map above? (big map)

the Missouri Compromise of 1820

"The War has renewed and reinstated the national feelings which the Revolution had given and which were daily lessened. The people have now more general objects of attachment with which their pride and political opinions are connected. They are more American; they feel and act more like a nation; and I hope that the permanency of the Union is thereby better secured." -Source: Albert Gallatin, in a letter to Matthew Lyon, 1816 The author's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the early nineteenth century?

the emergence of a national identity

The painting can best be used as evidence for which of the following US historical trends that took place during the early nineteenth century? (painting of half stormy half sunny with a river)

the impact of Romantic beliefs on American art

Problem "[W]e believe and affirm: That every American citizen who retains a human being in involuntary bondage as his property is (according to Scripture) a MAN STEALER. That the slaves ought instantly to be set free. . . . That all those laws which are now in force admitting the right of slavery, are . . ., before God, utterly null and void, being an audacious usurpation of the Divine prerogative. . . . [T]hat no compensation should be given to the outraged and guiltless slaves and not to those who have plundered and abused them. [That] we concede the Congress under the resent national compact, has no right to interfere with any of the slave states, in relation to this momentous subject [slavery]. But we maintain that Congress has a right. . . to suppress the domestic slave trade between the slave states, and to abolish slavery in those portions of our territory which the Constitution has placed under its exclusive jurisdiction." -Source: William Lloyd Garrison, "Declaration of the National Anti-Slavery Convention," 1834

the influence of the Second Great Awakening on reform movements

The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to

the natural population increase of American-born slaves

". . . But we are assembled to protest against a form of government, existing without the consent of the governed— to declare our right to be free as man is free, to be represented in the government which we are taxed to support, to have such disgraceful laws as give man the power to chastise and imprison his wife. . . . And, strange as it may seem to many, we now demand our right to vote according to the declaration of the government under which we live." -Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the Seneca Falls Convention, "Declaration of Sentiments," 1848 The author's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the early nineteenth century?

the start of a Women's Rights Movement

Which of the following statements best explains the overall population trend shown in the table? (data population table)

the use of enslaved labor in the South to grow cash crops

"In a time of rapidly changing means of communication and systems of production, when everything from race relations to banking practices came under challenge, there was no sharp distinction between the mainstream and the marginal. The utopians simply carried even further the perfectionism that mainstream evangelists like Charles Finney reached. Typically, they did not so much reject American society as wish to elaborate upon it, to carry its innovative qualities to extremes. Their communities attracted attention out of all proportion to their size." -Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007 According to the excerpt, which of the following statements describes why people sought to build utopian communities in the 1800s?

to set up a self-sufficient society based on perfectionism

in MA, don't like factories, all based off of the reaction of period 4, move into nature, some sort of divine soul - a creator - religious in someway but not directly christian - the church is too much of an authority - be a conscientious person

transcendentalists

humans were "good" but were corrupted by society and should strive for independence and self reliance

transcendentalists believed that

a liberal christian sect in boston in the 1800s that stood for rationalism, reason and intellectualism

unitarianism

socialists, society is unjust and corrupt

utopian 2

HDT wrote a book called

walden (about his experience in massachusetts in a cabin where he expressed ideas of nature, spirituality and self reliance)

the country is silent on this issue, the country is not educated enough, speaking in MA

walker's criticism of "american preachers?"

"Religious identity . . . allowed women to assert themselves, both in private and in public ways. It enabled them to rely on an authority beyond the world of men. . . . In contrast to the self-abnegation required of women in their domestic vocation, religious commitment required attention to one's own thoughts, actions, and prospects. . . . No other avenue of self-expression besides religion at once offered women social approbation, the encouragement of male leaders (ministers), and, most important, the community of their peers." -Source: Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood: "Woman's Sphere" in New England, 1780-1835, 1977 The conditions described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?

women's growing participation in antebellum reform movements