period 6

the major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on

2 sets of election returns from FL, SC, and LA

Briefly explain another specific historical effect that resulted from the change depicted on the graph.

Another historical effect of the increase in immigration is cheap labor. Many immigrants, only wanting some kind of income, would go and work in factories for low wages and long hours. Whenever workers would go on strike, such as the Homestead strike, the company would hire temporary workers who were usually immigrants. This new source of labor was also a factor leading to the nation's industrialization.

Briefly explain ONE way in which some Americans responded critically to reform movements in either period.

Critics of reform groups formed their own groups in opposition, for example, the Ku Klux Klan and anti-suffrage groups such as the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage.

Which best describes the relationship of ideas like this to the broader Progressive movement

Ideas in the excerpt challenged the racial stereotypes held by many white progressive reformers

(Excerpts from Josephson and Brands) Briefly explain ONE major difference between Josephson's and Brands's historical interpretations of business leads who rose to prominence between 1865 and 1900.

Josephson argues that industrial leaders prospered because of selfish and immoral actions, but still made efficient business decisions and capitalist productions. Meanwhile, Brads argues that capitalist self-interest was beneficial to industrial leaders, as well as the people around them and businesses in general.

(Excerpts from Josephson and Brands) Briefly explain how one person, event, or development from the period 1865-1900 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Josephson's interpretation.

One development from this period that could support Josephson's interpretation is the formation of labor unions, such as the Knights of Labor. Unions like this were made to protect workers from their employers' possible selfish actions and ensure fair treatment of laborers and employees.

(Excerpts from Josephson and Brands) Briefly explain how one person, event, or development from the period 1865-1900 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support brand's interpretation.

One development that supports Brands's interpretation is the development of a consumer society. Consumers would buy wants and needs from producers, and both parties would benefit.

Using the graph (Immigration to the United States by Decade, 1820-1849), briefly explain how ONE major historical factor contributed to the change depicted on the graph.

One historical factor that contributed to the increase in immigration is the hardships that people were going through in other nations especially European nations. For example, the potato famine in Ireland in the late 1840s caused many Irish to flee to the Northeast United States in hopes of finding farmland and better lives.

Briefly explain one specific historical effect that resulted from the change depicted on the graph (Immigration to the US by decade, 1820-1859)

One result of the change in immigration was increased xenophobia. Many Americans feared that the immigrants and their new ethnic groups, cultures, and religions would disrupt American societal patterns. These nativist attitudes led to the creation of the Know Nothings, which later became a political party, and was organized as a defense of their traditional religious and political values.

Briefly explain ONE important difference in the effects of reform movements in these two time periods.

Reform movements in the early 1800s directed their efforts more toward improving moral character through education and reform, so many schools opened. Meanwhile Gilded Age reformers addresses the growth of businesses and corporations, leading to America's industrialization.

Reform movements emerged in both the antebellum period of the early 1800s and the "Gilded Age" of the late 1800s. Briefly explain one important similarity in the reasons why the reform movements emerged in these two time periods.

Reformers in both periods were concerned by the increasing amount of impact of immigrants, who brought new ethnic and religious groups to American society. Reformers feared that these immigrants would disrupt American society.

(Harriet Hanson Robinson, describing events in the 1820s, published 1898) Which development from the first half of the 1800s is directly reflected?

Sharp increase in the number of workers making good for distant markets

Provide ONE example of an event of development that supports your explanation in (a)

The creation of large businesses and companies like Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company and Carnegie's steel productions led to the mass production and increasing amount of railroads to connect the nation from coast to coast. This wouldn't have been possible without these companies and their productions.

a) Briefly explain why ONE of the following best marks the beginning of industrialization in the United States. • The market revolution in the first half of the 1800s • The Civil War era in the middle of the 1800s • The rise of big business in the second half of the 1800s

The rise of big business in the second half of the 1800s best marks the beginning of industrialization because with these businesses, the government got a larger role in economic systems, and the mass production of steel, oil, and railroads began, which connected the corners of the United States and inevitably led to further idustrialization.

Provide specific historical evidence that explains why ONE of the other options is less convincing as the possible beginning of industrialization in the United States.

The true industrialization of the US happened with the increased production and refining of oil and steel. Until 1870, after the Civil War, America's leading industry was agriculture, so the second option is not as convincing as the last one.

which 19th century reform movement made similar arguments to Susan B Anthony's speech?

abolition movements

At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant

accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens

(WEB Du Bois, 1903) The excerpt most directly supports to expansion of

access to higher education

on the issue of the tariff, pres. grover cleveland

advocated a lower rate

with the pendleton act, politicians now sought money from

big corporations

president james a garfield was assassinated

by a deranged, disappointed office seeker

one weapon used to put Boss Tweet in jail was

cartoons from political satirist thomas nast

vertical integration refers to

control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods

(People's/Populist party platform, 1892) Which best describes the overarching goals of the populist party in the late 19th century?

cooperative democracy, stronger governmental role in the economic system

in an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of credit mobilizer

distributed shares to congressmen

(WEB Du Bois, 1903) The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to the

emergence of organizations pursuing equality to African Americans

"free silver" campaign of 1896 got greatest popular support from

farmers who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens

during the gilded' age, dems and reps had

few significant differences

the sequence of forgettable presidents of the gilded age was

hayes, garfield, arthut, cleveland, harrison, cleveland

by 1900 American cities ere becoming

heavily populated desegregrated by race and ethnic group geographically compact

carrie chapman catt argued that women should be granted the right to vote because

in the city, women needed to affect such issues as public health and education suffrage was the logical extension of a woman's traditional role in caring for her family

in the presidential election of 1868, ulysses s grant

owed his victory to the votes of former slaves

during the gilded age, the lifeblood of both democrats and republicans was

political patronage

(1905 comic from the granger collection about rockefeller) Which of the groups would most likely support the sentiments of this cartoon?

proponents of anti-monopoly legislation

the pendleton act requires appointees to public office to

take competitive examinations

Susan B Anthony and others had influence on ratification of what?

the 19th amendment

(1905 comic from the granger collection about rockefeller) the sentiments of the cartoon directly relate to

the breakup of the standard oil company into competing oil businesses

(Susan B Anthony Speech, 1873) Which document is Susan B Anthony basing her appeal for women's equality off of?

the declaration of independence

(Harriet Hanson Robinson, describing events in the 1830s, published 1898) Which most directly contributes to the developments described?

the expansion and increased organization of industrial production

what was most directly a cause of the populist party?

the growth of corporate power and banking interests inspired rural activists to lobby for political reform

(People's/populist party platform, 1892) the ideas of the populist party had the most in common with

the progressive movement

Many native born Americans tended to blame new immigrants for all of the following except

the rising american divorce rate

pres. cleveland justified federal intervention in the pullman strike because

the strike was preventing the transit of US mail

in the late 19th century the political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters of

the treason of the southern democrats during the civil war

labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in

the use of federal troops during strikes

"new immigrants" were different from "old immigrants" that came before the civil war because

they spoke different languages and had different customs than most americans; they were not easily assimilated

buffalo were nearly exterminated

through whole sale butchery by whites

the original purpose of the grange was

to stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities

the compromise of 1877 resulted in

withdrawal of federal troops from the south