Personal Health Final

Substances in food or supplements that destroy free radicals and slow their formation are a.) antioxidants. b.) antigens. c.) anticoagulants. d.) antibiotics.

a.) antioxidants.

Jason doesn't see that his addiction to heroin is self-destructive. He is experiencing a.) denial. b.) inability to abstain c.) compulsion. d.) obsession.

a.) denial.

Ken is the new pastor at a local church. He is both nervous and excited about his new post and is looking forward to meeting all the members of his new congregation. This process will take some time and effort, but he is convinced that it will help him learn how to serve them better. Ken's situation is an example of a.) eustress. b.) reactivity. c.) distress. d.) anticipation.

a.) eustress.

Pearl confides that, at a frat party, she was forced to have sex and did not consent; this is an example of a.) sexual assault. b.) intimate partner violence. c.) neglect. d.) abuse.

a.) sexual assault.

Your friend confides that her coworker is always making sexually explicit comments to her and telling lewd jokes. You explain to her that this is a.) sexual harassment. b.) sexual assault. c.) sexual coercion. d.) sexual invasion.

a.) sexual harassment.

Lisa has a strong sense of purpose and meaning to her life. Lisa is demonstrating a.) spiritual health b.) emotional health c.) religiosity. d.) social support.

a.) spiritual health

What substance in cigarettes is a thick, brownish sludge containing carcinogens? a.) tar. b.) menthol. c.) nicotine. d.) carbon monoxide

a.) tar.

The term terrorism is correctly applied to situations in which a.) violence is used to achieve political aims. b.) workers organize for political and economic rights. c.) one country attacks another in a state of war. d.) students demonstrate peacefully against their government.

a.) violence is used to achieve political aims.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? a.) More deaths are due to illegal drug use than are due to tobacco use. b.) Tobacco is known to cause about 20 diseases. c.) Twenty-five percent of all regular smokers die of smoking-related diseases. d.) Tobacco is the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

b.) Tobacco is known to cause about 20 diseases

Which factor would reduce the likelihood of your choosing a particular person as a partner? a.) You have similar values, interests, and socioeconomic status. b.) Your beliefs, attitudes, and values are significantly different. c.) You are physically attracted to each other. d.) You live in close proximity to each other.

b.) Your beliefs, attitudes, and values are significantly different.

Greg and Kate always support each other's interests, hoping to ensure that the other will succeed. This BEST demonstrates that they are a.) intimately exclusive. b.) advocates for each other. c.) fascinated by each other. d.) practicing serial monogamy.

b.) advocates for each other.

An individual who periodically consumes excessively large amounts of food without engaging in compensatory behavior would be classified as having a.) bulimia nervosa. b.) binge-eating disorder. c.) anorexia nervosa. d.) night-eating syndrome.

b.) binge-eating disorder.

Although he is often dispirited, exhausted, and pessimistic, for the last few days Jirou has been studying, working out, and socializing with so much energy and enthusiasm that he has not had more than two or three hours of sleep each night. Jirou might be suffering from a.) panic disorder. b.) bipolar disorder. c.) post-traumatic stress disorder. d.) personality disorder

b.) bipolar disorder

All of the following occur as part of congestive heart failure EXCEPT a.) the heart becomes enlarged, making it less efficient. b.) blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs. c.) shortness of breath. d.) the flow of blood through the veins backs up.

b.) blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs.

Karen is extremely dissatisfied with her body shape and she has gone through three cosmetic surgeries to alter her facial structure. Karen is most likely suffering from a.) social physique anxiety. b.) body dysmorphic disorder. c.) anorexia nervosa. d.) bulimia nervosa.

b.) body dysmorphic disorder.

One problem with the BMI measurement is that it a.) requires the use of special laboratory equipment. b.) is an indirect estimate of body fat. c.) takes too long to calculate. d.) cannot be used for children.

b.) is an indirect estimate of body fat.

After a night of heavy drinking, John still appears sober while his friends are obviously intoxicated. It is likely that John has developed a.) alcohol consumption tolerance. b.) learned behavioral tolerance. c.) nonalcoholic personality. d.) alcoholic acceptance.

b.) learned behavioral tolerance.

A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her lymph nodes. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is a.) transference. b.) metastasis. c.) transvergence. d.) malignance.

b.) metastasis.

Downshifting refers to the process of a.) allowing passivity to take over as a result of stress. b.) taking steps to simplify one's life. c.) deliberately completing tasks at a slower pace. d.) using meditation to combat the stress response.

b.) taking steps to simplify one's life.

The contemporary definition of wellness is a.) the ability to move about freely without pain. b.) the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions. c.) the absence of ongoing symptoms or chronic disease. d.) living longer than one's parents.

b.) the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions.

Factors affecting alcohol absorption include all of the following EXCEPT a.) the drinker's weight and body mass. b.) the time of day the alcohol is consumed. d.) the type of drink. c.) the drinker's weight and body mass.

b.) the time of day the alcohol is consumed

Which type of dieting involves a cycle of restriction and weight loss followed by a period of weight gain? a.) fasting b.) yo-yo diets c.) very-low-calorie diets d.) low-carbohydrate diets

b.) yo-yo diets

What percentage of Americans abstain from drinking alcohol? a.) 31 percent b.) 41 percent c.) 21 percent d.) 11 percent

c.) 21 percent

What is the percentage of alcohol in 100 proof whiskey? a.) 20 percent b.) 80 percent c.) 50 percent d.) 40 percent

c.) 50 percent

what percent of strokes are classified as ischemic a.) 25% b.) 15% c.) 85% d.) 75%

c.) 85%

Both Ben and Betty see themselves as responsible for their own choices, decisions, and actions in their relationship, thus demonstrating their a.) independence. b.) interdependence. c.) accountability. d.) communication skills.

c.) accountability.

The process of freeing the body from an addictive substance is known as a.) rehabilitation. b.) mainlining. c.) detoxification. d.) counseling.

c.) detoxification.

Common myths that contribute to negative body image include all of the following EXCEPT a.) appearance is more important than health. b.) anyone can be slender if they work at it. c.) eating healthy and staying active is an effective weight loss strategy. d.) how you look is more important than who you are.

c.) eating healthy and staying active is an effective weight loss strategy.

Which of the following is TRUE about your family of origin? a.) It includes cousins and relatives who were living in the same town during your first years of life. b.) It includes any immediate family members, such as siblings, who were not living in the house during your first years of life. c.) It includes your grandparents or other extended relatives who were living in another state during your first years of life. d.) It includes the people who were living in the house during your first years of life, usually siblings and parents

d.) It includes the people who were living in the house during your first years of life, usually siblings and parents

All the following causes of death are linked to modifiable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT a.) diabetes. b.) heart disease. c.) cancer. d.) genetic diseases.

d.) genetic diseases.

Of the following, which factor is NOT a risk for gang involvement? a.) academic achievement b.) low self-esteem c.) alienation from family and society d.) low socioeconomic status

a.) academic achievement

Catrina just missed hitting a deer as she was driving along a dark, curving road. She felt her racing heart finally slow down after she pulled off the road and took a few deep breaths. This is an example of a(n) a.) adaptive response. b.) state of overload. c.) challenge. d.) fight-or-flight response

a.) adaptive response.

Self-care involves all of the following EXCEPT a.) avoiding medication and taking a "tough it out" approach to illness. b.) knowing your body. c.) taking appropriate action to stop the progression of illness. d.) paying attention to body signals.

a.) avoiding medication and taking a "tough it out" approach to illness.

Nonmodifiable risk factors for CVD include all of the following EXCEPT a.) blood cholesterol levels. b.) heredity. c.) gender. d.) race.

a.) blood cholesterol levels.

Recently, Kevin has been spending a lot of time playing online poker. Last weekend, he decided on a whim to fly to Las Vegas to try his hand at "the real thing." He lost over $5,000. This behavior indicates that Kevin may have a.) borderline personality disorder. b.) generalized anxiety disorder. c.) schizophrenia. d.) bipolar disorder.

a.) borderline personality disorder.

Warning signs of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT a.) compulsion to repeatedly perform rituals. b.) preoccupation with themes of death. c.) giving away prized possessions. d.) unexplained demonstration of happiness following a period of depression.

a.) compulsion to repeatedly perform rituals

All of the following are well-documented risk factors for breast cancer EXCEPT a.) consuming 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks per week. b.) early onset of menstruation and/or late menopause. c.) having a family history of breast cancer. d.) not having children or having your first child after the age of 30.

a.) consuming 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks per week.

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the most complete, ideal type of love is a.) consummate love. b.) passion. c.) intimacy. d.) sexual compatibility.

a.) consummate love.

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services for appropriate health decisions refers to; a.) Self-care b.) Health literacy c.) self-medication d.) health knowledge

b.) Health literacy

Which of the following is TRUE regarding homicides? a.) Homicide rates are about the same among white and nonwhite ethnic groups. b.) Homicides are the second leading cause of death for persons aged 15 to 24. c.) Homicide rates are about the same among males and females. d.) Homicides rates increase each year in the United States.

b.) Homicides are the second leading cause of death for persons aged 15 to 24.

Individuals with an intense fear of gaining weight along with an extremely distorted body image have the eating disorder known as a.) bulimia nervosa. b.) amenorrhea. c.) anorexia nervosa. d.) binge eating

c.) anorexia nervosa.

The absence of clinical indicators of cardiovascular disease and the presence of certain behavioral and health factor metrics is known as a.) cardiovascular fitness. b.) cardiorespiratory fitness. c.) ideal cardiovascular health. d.) heart-related quality of life.

c.) ideal cardiovascular health.

A disorder that typically occurs in men and is characterized by extreme measures to change body shape and a belief that the body is insufficiently lean or muscular is a.) hyperplasia. b.) anorexia nervosa. c.) muscle dysmorphia. d.) muscle atrophy.

c.) muscle dysmorphia.

Approximately 80 percent of alcohol is diffused through the a.) lungs. b.) stomach lining. c.) small intestine. d.) large intestine.

c.) small intestine.

Emily and Rosa are close friends who are able to share their feelings freely, providing support and reassurance. This example demonstrates their a.) emotional availability. b.) codependence. c.) low self-esteem. d.) ability to provide objective feedback.

a.) emotional availability.

Lisa is aware that her best friend, Kim, has a drinking problem. Lisa continually makes excuses for her and often completes Kim's homework to protect her from flunking out of school. Lisa's behavior is an example of a.) enabling. b.) compulsion. c.) reinforcing. d.) intervening.

a.) enabling.

Raye is a 20-year-old woman who is about 10 pounds over her ideal weight but is in good health and works out regularly to stay fit. She appreciates her curvy body type and shops for clothes in bright colors that make her feel attractive and cheerful. Raye's attitudes and behavior demonstrate a a.) positive body image. b.) negative body image. c.) disordered body image. d.) variable body image.

a.) positive body image.

Which of the following occurs within 24 hours of quitting smoking? a.) Circulation improves. b.) Chance of heart attack decreases. c.) Cilia regrow in the lungs. d.) Coughing and shortness of breath decrease.

b.) Chance of heart attack decreases.

What effect does carbon monoxide have on the body? a.) It irritates nasal passages and lung tissue. b.) It diminishes the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells. c.) It diminishes hormone production. d.) It impairs the cilia's cleansing function.

b.) It diminishes the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells.

Which of the following is TRUE about Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)? a.) They are the highest amount of a particular nutrient that can be safely consumed on a daily basis. b.) They are the reference standard for intake levels necessary to meet the needs of most healthy individuals. c.) They are the recommended average daily intake by healthy people when the research is limited. d.) They are the amount of intake needed to prevent chronic disease.

b.) They are the reference standard for intake levels necessary to meet the needs of most healthy individuals.

Having a negative body image can lead to all of the following EXCEPT a.) anxiety and distress. b.) steroid abuse. c.) disordered eating. d.) high self-esteem.

d.) high self-esteem.

Josh went for a run after his morning classes. He hadn't eaten breakfast and now he is feeling lightheaded and has a gnawing feeling in his stomach. Jorge is experiencing a.) satiety. b.) appetite. c.) adaptive thermogenesis. d.) hunger.

d.) hunger.

Health promotion: a.) focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases b.) involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans. c.) refers to fundraising campaigns for health-related organizations. d.) includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

d.) includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, love involves a.) passion, impulsiveness, and sexual desire. b.) friendship, reliability, and commitment. c.) intimacy, similar interests, and social status. d.) intimacy, passion, and commitment.

d.) intimacy, passion, and commitment.

A psychologically healthy student who gets a bad grade on an exam would respond by a.) drinking for distraction and to relieve tension. b.) becoming withdrawn and avoiding friends. c.) getting angry at the professor. d.) learning from the situation and improving study habits

d.) learning from the situation and improving study habits

About how many adult Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease? a.) one out of two b.) one out of five c.) one out of four d.) one out of three

d.) one out of three

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the a.) transtheoretical model. b.) behavior modification model. c.) health belief model. d.) social cognitive model.

d.) social cognitive model.

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health? a.) physical health b.) intellectual healht c.) emotional health d.) social health

d.) social health

If you want to help a friend whom you suspect has an eating disorder, you should do all of the following EXCEPT a.) force your friend to acknowledge that the problem is his or her fault. b.) gather information on the disorder. c.) compliment your friend's personality or achievements. d.) offer to go with your friend to see a counselor.

a.) force your friend to acknowledge that the problem is his or her fault

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage a.) has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change. b.) is aware of the problem and is making preparations for change. c.) is aware of the problem but is greatly afraid of change. d.) is aware of the problem and is already taking action to implement change.

a.) has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change.

After breaking up with his girlfriend, Lucas has been unable to move on. He is afraid of rejection and doesn't think that women find him attractive. He is probably suffering from a.) low self-esteem. b.) failure to self-regulate. c.) a victim complex. d.) low self-efficacy.

a.) low self-esteem.

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model? a.) perceived susceptibility b.) perceived seriousness c.) perceived barriers d.) perceived benefits

a.) perceived susceptibility

A person who avoids all foods and food products of animal origin, including dairy and eggs, is a a.) vegan. b.) ovo-vegetarian c.) lacto-ovo-vegetarian. d.) pesco-vegetarian.

a.) vegan.

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to atherosclerosis? a.) It is easily reversed with medication and exercise. b.) It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque. c.) It only starts to develop after the age of 50. d.) Males are much more likely to develop it than are women.

b.) It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque.

Which theory holds that our bodies fight to maintain our weight within a particular narrow range? a.) thrifty gene theory b.) set point theory c.) adaptive thermogenesis theory d.) hormone adjustment theory

b.) set point theory

Eric is always upset about something, and it seems that she is never really happy. Her mental outlook is likely to adversely affect a.) mainly her physical health. b.) mainly her social health. c.) mainly her emotional health. d.) all six dimensions of her health.

d.) all six dimensions of her health.

Jasmine is always complaining that she doesn't like the way she looks. She tells her friend Amber that she thinks her thighs are too big and that she feels fat. Amber assures Jasmine that she isn't fat, but Jasmine won't listen. It is likely that Jasmine may be suffering from a.) anxiety. b.) a negative body image. c.) peer pressure. d.) depression.

b.) a negative body image.

The measure of energy expended while a person is engaged in sedentary activities, such as sitting on a sofa or digesting food, is the a.) exercise metabolic rate. b.) resting metabolic rate. c.) basal metabolic rate. d.) calorie intake.

b.) resting metabolic rate.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime? a.) burning a church for reasons of religious bias b.) shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery c.) assaulting a person because of his sexual orientation d.) beating up a teenager because she is Hispanic

b.) shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip? a.) modeling b.) self-talk c.) shaping d.) visualization

c.) shaping

Marie's parents have given her money for a down payment on a new car; they are providing her with a.) social support. b.) obligatory support. c.) tangible support. d.) intangible support.

c.) tangible support.

James is no longer able to feel the same effect from his drug of choice with his regular dose; he needs to increase the amount of the drug to feel the desired effect. This demonstrates a.) adjustment. b.) intolerance. c.) tolerance d.) withdrawal.

c.) tolerance

Celia spends a good deal of her time worrying, feels on edge, is easily fatigued, and often has difficulty concentrating, which is affecting her grades. Her symptoms may characterize a.) bipolar disorder. b.) obsessive-compulsive disorder. c.) panic disorder. d.) generalized anxiety disorder.

d.) generalized anxiety disorder.

Which of the following groups has the highest incidence of hypertension? a.) men under the age of 55 b.) women over 40 who have type 2 diabetes c.) Asian Americans d.) African Americans

d.) African Americans

Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a.) Social needs are the most basic and essential needs. b.) A self-actualized person has met basic needs but has not fully reached his or her potential. c.) Esteem needs are more basic than survival needs. d.) Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.

d.) Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.

Which of the following is TRUE about gambling addictions? a.) Gambling problems are greater among individuals with high socioeconomic status. b.) Gambling problems do not tend to become worse over time. c.) People with a compulsive gambling disorder and people who abuse drugs have entirely different cravings and highs. d.) Most compulsive gamblers seek a high from the excitement even more than from money.

d.) Most compulsive gamblers seek a high from the excitement even more than from money.

The interaction of two or more drugs at the same receptor site in which one blocks the action of the other is a.) synergism. b.) intolerance. c.) cross-tolerance. d.) antagonism.

d.) antagonism.

Rico and Chris are close friends and classmates. Each day they are an important influence on each other's actions. This example BEST demonstrates their a.) availability for each other. b.) detachment in regard to one another's feelings. c.) need for social fulfillment. d.) behavioral interdependence.

d.) behavioral interdependence.

Katherine is an energetic, confident student who is not afraid to stand up in front of the class and read her essay aloud. She trusts that even if others don't agree with her point of view, they will still value her as a person and a friend. These traits best demonstrate Katherine's positive a.) social health. b.) physical health. c.) intellectual health. d.) emotional health.

d.) emotional health.

Judy strives to stay healthy. When she notices herself engaging in an unhealthy behavior, she makes a plan and takes action to get back on track. She beliefs that no challenge is too tough for her to take on. Judy a.) is in a state of readiness to change. b.) relies on social support. c.) has self-control. d.) exhibits self-efficacy.

d.) exhibits self-efficacy.