Pharmacology Ch 54 (2)

A client asks the nurse how long to use oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray for nasal congestion. What is the nurse's best response?

"Consult with your primary care provider."

What statement made by a client suggests a need for further teaching on the risk factors associated with drug allergies?

"If you didn't have allergies as a child, you won't develop allergies later in life."

What home remedies are effective for mouth dryness and cough? (Select all that apply.)

- Adequate fluid intake - Sucking on hard candy or throat lozenges - Humidification of the environment

When developing the teaching plan for a client receiving an antihistamine, which would the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

- Advising the client to avoid alcohol consumption - Using sugarless candies or lozenges to combat dry mouth

A patient receives guaifenesin. The nurse would expect the drug to begin acting within which time frame?

30 minutes

An adult client has asked the nurse to recommend an OTC cold remedy. Before making a recommendation, the nurse should implement which intervention?

Assess the client for health problems that may contraindicate the use of a particular remedy.

A 45-year-old female client is being seen in the health care provider's office for a dry, hacking cough that is keeping her up at night. The provider prescribes dextromethorphan for the cough. Which statement is true about dextromethorphan?

Dextromethorphan works in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.

The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of diphenhydramine. Which is not one of these effects?

Excessive salivation

A female client presents at the clinic with a dry, nonproductive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis, and it is determined that she will need help thinning sputum so that the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect will be prescribed for the client?

Guaifenesin Rationale: Guaifenesin is an expectorant, and the brand name is Mucinex.

A client with cystic fibrosis may use which type of medication to reduce the viscosity of respiratory secretions?

Mucolytic Rationale: Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) is a mucolytic use in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Which agent would the nurse instruct a client to use orally?

Pseudoephedrine

When describing the effects of second-generation antihistamines, which would the nurse address as being decreased?

Sedation Rationale: The adverse effects most often seen with antihistamine use are drowsiness and sedation. However, second-generation antihistamines are less sedating in many people. The anticholinergic effects associated with both generations include drying of the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucous membranes, gastrointestinal upset and nausea, arrhythmias, dysuria, urinary hesitancy, and skin eruption and itching associated with dryness.

The nursing instructor is discussing the use of nasal decongestants and shares what reason for their effectiveness?

They come into direct contact with nasal mucosa.

Nasal decongestants would be contraindicated for which client?

a client with a history of coronary artery disease Rationale: Nasal decongestants are likely to be contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension or coronary artery disease because of their cardiac stimulating and vasoconstricting effects.

What is the chemical mediator released in immune and inflammatory response to allergic reactions?

histamine

The nurse is educating an older adult client diagnosed with rhinosinusitis in an outpatient clinic about the prescribed topical oxymetazoline. The client has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification?

"I can take over-the-counter pseudoephedrine, too."

A client is prescribed an antihistamine. The nurse determines that the drug would be contraindicated if the client had which condition? Select all that apply.

- Cardiovascular shock - Angle-closure glaucoma

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local elementary school parent group about over-the-counter cold medications and their use in children. Which would be most appropriate to include? (Select all that apply.)

- Importance of reading the label for ingredients and dosage - Need to follow the directions for how often to give the drug - Avoidance of use in children under age 2

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about expectorants. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which medication as an example?

Guaifenesin

Which agent would a nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe for a client experiencing motion sickness?

Meclizine Rationale: Meclizine is used to relieve the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Clemastine, cyproheptadine, and hydroxyzine are used to provide relief of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.