PHIL-1273 Intro to Business Ethics Unit 1 Quiz Review

Q3: Honesty is commonly considered to be a virtue. According to the Aristotle's doctrine of the mean, what are some vices which plausibly correspond to this virtue. A. Dishonesty and brutal honesty. B. Courage and Temperance. C. Dishonesty and cowardice. D. Trick question, there are three vices: cowardice, intemperance, and callousness.

A. Dishonesty and brutal honesty.

Q2. Imagine Jordan gets asked whether he wants to donate to a charity. He thinks about not donating, but he hates feeling guilty. So he ends up donating money. According to Kant, which of the describes why I fail to deserve any moral credit for my action? A. That act is heteronomous. B. That act is virtuous. C. That act maximized utility. D. That act is autonomous.

A. That act is heteronomous.

Q1. Freedom is extremely important in Kant's ethical theory. What describes the correct way to exercise our freedom? A. Virtue: choosing in accordance with the 9 virtues. B. Autonomy: choosing something because it is intrinsically good. C. Heteronomy: choosing something because it is instrumentally good. D. Monotony: choosing the same ethical theory over and over.

B. Autonomy: choosing something because it is intrinsically good.

Q1. According to Confucian ethics, moral agents are "always on the clock." What does Olberding mean by this? A. Our moral actions have monetary value, and we should be "compensated." B. Good living goes beyond merely the "big moment" decisions; it's about the mundane parts of life as well. C. Etiquette is partly maximizing speed when saying "thank you." D. The universe rests on a literal clock. We are literally always on it.

B. Good living goes beyond merely the "big moment" decisions; it's about the mundane parts of life as well.

Q1: Choose the answer which does not apply to Groves' story. a. He made a seemingly sincere promise to his father never to engage in fraud. b. Groves was an extremely bad-tempered person, so he intimidated people into helping him commit fraud. c. Groves saw the act in terms of finances, not ethics. d. Everyone Groves asked gave him the help he needed (to commit fraud).

B. Groves was an extremely bad-tempered person, so he intimidated people into helping him commit fraud.

Q2. John Stuart Mill famously stated that "it was better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied." What did he mean by this? A. Emotions (like sadness) are an important part of moral living. B. It was a reference to his doctrine regarding "higher" and "lower" pleasures. On the whole, humans have higher pleasures, even if they are dissatisfied. C. Philosophers are still puzzled over this statement: no one has published a plausible interpretation. D. Humans are the only ones capable of wisdom, which is the highest pleasure.

B. It was a reference to his doctrine regarding "higher" and "lower" pleasures. On the whole, humans have higher pleasures, even if they are dissatisfied.

Q2: Imagine someone who spends their whole life studying moral philosophy. They've read hundreds of books on ethics, and published twice as many books on the subject. On Aristotle's view, do we have enough reason to suppose that this person possesses virtues? A. No, because the Good Life is all about Tetris Friends, of which there has been no mention. B. No, because morality is largely about habits of actions and emotions. C. Yes, because morality is largely about academic knowledge. D. Yes, because you can only have practical wisdom if you have a PhD.

B. No, because morality is largely about habits of actions and emotions.

Q4: Imagine you have a habit you want to kick—e.g., checking Facebook 30 times a day. What kind of studies would investigate the "descriptive aspects" we covered in the second half? A. An epistemological approach, studying whether what we learn on Facebook constitutes knowledge. B. Seeing if there is any trend with respect to when you check Facebook. (E.g., maybe during the times you are stressed out). C. A conceptual examination of what it means to have dignity. D. A philosophical debate as to whether Facebook is good or not.

B. Seeing if there is any trend with respect to when you check Facebook. (E.g., maybe during the times you are stressed out).

Q1: Take the task of doing a complex math problem—e.g., finding the product of "58 x 67". Finding the answer engages which "character" of the story? A. System 1 B. System 2 C. System 3 D. System 4

B. System 2

Q2: In "Stumbling into Bad Behavior," the authors describe an experiment where there were two sets of manufacturers. One set was faced with financial sanctions if they broke their environmental agreement; the other set was faced with no sanctions if they broke it. Which of the following is true? A. The first group (financial sanctions) cheated the agreement less than the other. B. The second group (no sanctions) cheated the agreement less than the other. C. Both groups cheated the same amount. D. Trick question: article is actually about how Toby Groves' reformation process (after prison).

B. The second group (no sanctions) cheated the agreement less than the other.

Q4: Groves' friends and fellow coworkers were complicit in his crime. What how does the lecture's content help us understand the psychology of their actions? A. They were simply too afraid of Groves to say "no." He could fire them. B. They are probably operating from a framework of "friendship" rather than "ethics." C. They were probably operating from a framework of "dishonesty" rather than "honesty." D. They were probably afraid Groves would frame them.

B. They are probably operating from a framework of "friendship" rather than "ethics."

Q4: Aristotle's ethics focus on virtue, rather than mere right action. Which of the following is false? A. An action can be both right and virtuous. B. Virtues are things you're born with. C. Virtues aim at moral excellence, not just mere permissibility. D. A virtue describes being excellence in our capacity as human beings.

B. Virtues are things you're born with.

Q3: According to the lecture, the "just do it" method is insufficient as a strategy to behave ethically in the workplace how which of the following reasons? A. Our will is not strong enough B. We often don't even recognize the ethical aspects of our behavior C. Because we can only process a certain number of frames in a small amount of time (i.e., approximately 30 frames per second) D. Because no one knows what to do in certain moral dilemmas

B. We often don't even recognize the ethical aspects of our behavior

Q4. Think of the moral exemplars we covered last class. Does a moral exemplar (someone who has admirable character) still need etiquette if they've reached virtue in every respect? A. No, etiquette is more like "training wheels"; you need them up until a certain point. B. Yes, etiquette is something people always need—even if it's not to cultivate the right emotions. C. It depends. In Confucius' time, yes. In contemporary times, we don't really use etiquette at all. D. It depends. We only need etiquette which is universalizable.

B. Yes, etiquette is something people always need—even if it's not to cultivate the right emotions.

Q3. Imagine a psychopathic monarch who gets immeasurable pleasure from mistreating his subjects. Why is this problematic for Bentham's view? A. It shows that Bentham's view isn't genuinely utilitarian. B. It shows that his conception of "higher pleasures" is incomplete. C. As long as his pleasure outweighs the pain of his subjects, we are all morally obligated to conform to his wishes. D. There is no mention of Tetris Friends, which is the highest pleasure known to humankind.

C. As long as his pleasure outweighs the pain of his subjects, we are all morally obligated to conform to his wishes.

Q4. The psychopathic monarch less of a problem on Mill's view. Identify the answer which is incompatible with Mill's reasoning. A. Mistreating others create chaos in the long run, so it is morally wrong. B. Mistreating others will prevent the victim from fully developing their higher faculties (for those "higher pleasures." C. Mistreating others is wrong regardless of the consequences. Human rights are valuable regardless of pain and pleasure. D. Mistreating others causes the perpetrator to damage their higher faculties (making them less able to reach those "higher pleasures").

C. Mistreating others is wrong regardless of the consequences. Human rights are valuable regardless of pain and pleasure.

Q3. Imagine you're driving to class. Your phone buzzes because you've received a text. Which of the following is false? A. Driving is a system 1 task B. Texting is a system 2 task. C. Texting would incapacitate your system 1 for at least another hour. D. Texting would be akin to "counting passes" in The Invisible Gorilla story; you won't notice other details.

C. Texting would incapacitate your system 1 for at least another hour.

Q4. According to Kant, the Good Will is unconditionally good. Which of the following is not part of Kant's rationale when it comes to this doctrine? A. Not even happiness is an unconditional good. Sometimes it is bad. B. The good will would be good even if the consequences that came about because of it were bad or painful. C. The good will is good partially because it helps us live a life of flourishing. D. The good will is essentially doing something only because it's your duty.

C. The good will is good partially because it helps us live a life of flourishing.

Q4: Imagine you're Toby Groves. You are completely focused on the fact that your company is going bankrupt. According to the lecture, why does this already make it harder for you to engage in moral deliberation? A. Your system 1 has its hands full with the moral reasoning; it doesn't have any leftovers for the finances. B. Your system 2 lacks the proper willpower. C. Your system 2 has its hands full with the finances; it doesn't have any leftovers for moral reasoning. D. Both system 1 and 2 are bankrupt.

C. Your system 2 has its hands full with the finances; it doesn't have any leftovers for moral reasoning.

Q2: In the video, Dan Ariely explains that (in his experiment) the students who were asked to recall the Ten Commandments did not cheat. According to his findings, what explains this behavior? A: It is the fact that students typically lack virtue. B: It highlights the fact that we need to read more Aristotle, because we need virtue. C: Arielly tacitly "reminded people about their morality," by asking them to recall the ten commandments rather than some other matter D: Arielly tacitly framed the matter in terms of the categorical imperative, so they were compelled to emulate "the good will"

C: Arielly tacitly "reminded people about their morality," by asking them to recall the ten commandments rather than some other matter

Q1: According to Zagzebski, ethical theories are similar to city maps in what key aspect? A: They provide us with many details regarding specific situations--e.g., the names of people and places. B: They always lead us to happiness--i.e., Aristotle's eudaimonia. C: They provide us with a systematized, simplified, and generalized understanding of ethical matters. D: There is no similarity. Ethical systems are "predictably irrational."

C: They provide us with a systematized, simplified, and generalized understanding of ethical matters.

Q2. When describing etiquette, Olberding employs the metaphor of grammar. Which of the following is the main similarity she identifies? A. Trick question! They are actually opposites. The former is morally "rich"; the latter is morally "dry." B. Confucius constantly brings them up both up in the Analects. C. In book 5 of the Analects, Confucius explains that the junzi always has mastery of both. D. They both make us intelligible to others.

D. They both make us intelligible to others.

Q1. According to the reading, what are the 3 approaches to define "justice"? A. The Categorical Imperative, Kant, and universalizability B. Logic, righteousness, and goodness C. Earth, wind, and fire D. Welfare, freedom, and virtue

D. Welfare, freedom, and virtue

Q3: Recall the example of Toby Groves. Which one of these is more closely related to matters regarding ethical theory? (Note: difficult question) A. Why Groves failed to recognize the damage he was inflicting. B. Why Groves failed to read Aristotle on a regular basis. C. How Dan Arielly's "predicable irrationality" explains why Groves kept digging himself into deeper trouble D. Why Groves' actions violated the dignity of the people he worked with.

D. Why Groves' actions violated the dignity of the people he worked with.

Q3. Imagine you manage a restaurant that needs to lay off some employees. You decide you'll to sit down with each employee you'll lay off, and thank them individually for their time at the company. You also take the time to hand-write thank you cards for each individual employee you'll let go. According to the article, what are the two main moral benefits to this kind of practice? A. They'll be less likely to sue the company, and it will create more pleasure over pain in the long run. B. It shows that you have the moral virtue of wisdom, and it shows innovation. C. They'll be more likely to flourish, and kindness is universalizable. D. You'll cultivate the right emotions towards your employees, and you'll express them in a way that's intelligible.

D. You'll cultivate the right emotions towards your employees, and you'll express them in a way that's intelligible.

Q1: According to Sandel, a "telos" is most closely associated with a object's _________; this is why it's so important to understand that object's essence. Purpose. Duty. Pleasure. Temperance.

a. Purpose.

Q2: Consider the image on this slide and how it seems to "move" when you look at it. Which "character" of the story is primarily involved with this illusion? System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4

a. System 1

Q1. According to the reading, what's one criticism with Bentham's utilitarianism? There's no justification for human rights. There's no account of courage or sacrifice, so we still can't solve the Purple Heart debate. It doesn't take consequences into consideration. It doesn't take system 2 into consideration.

a. There's no justification for human rights.

Q2. Recall the reading's reference to the Purple Heart Debate. What was Sandel's point in bringing it up? We can't agree on what to do unless we have an account of virtue and sacrifice War is unjust and vicious No one should win awards because they promote the vice of greed We can't agree on what to do unless we cultivate the virtue of practical wisdom

a. We can't agree on what to do unless we have an account of virtue and sacrifice

Q3. According to the lecture, what is the purpose of using thought experiments? They are fun, so they provide an easy way to apply what we've learned. They provide a way for us to isolate moral principles. They prevent us from acting unethically. They prevent moral dilemmas.

b. They provide a way for us to isolate moral principles.

Q3. Imagine you do the right thing on a regular basis, but you do it solely because you feel joy and love for others. Does this deserve moral credit on Kant's view? A. Yes B. No

b. no

Q4. Which of the following is not a use of moral deliberation? a. Helping us reveal what we already value b. Helping us understand what the right decision should be c. Helping us agree on what good policy should be d. Helping us follow through on what we've already decided

d. Helping us follow through on what we've already decided