Philosophy Midterm
What did Socrates say about the unexamined life?
"The unexamined life is not worth living."
Socrates' jury consisted of _____
501 Athenian Status
Plato's _____ illustrates the path from ignorance to enlightenment.
Allegory of the Cave
Heraclitus seemed to believe that everything is always
Changing
A philosopher is anyone who has a philosophy.
False
According to Empedocles, the world cycle begins with the marriage of Love and Reason.
False
According to Parmenides, only change is real.
False
Both the sophos and Sophists were professional philosophers and teachers.
False
Callicles preached the doctrine of social obligation known as the "common good."
False
Democritus rejected Parmenides' distinction between being and not-being
False
Epistemology is the study of what is real.
False
Heraclitus thought that only the Logos could end universal strife.
False
In place of Love and Strife, Anaxagoras posited Love and Nous
False
Ingesting hemlock is a relatively painless way to die.
False
Socrates wrote the first important treatise in the history of Western philosophy.
False
Thales called his first principle apeiron.
False
The Greek word atom means "many in one."
False
The Sophists taught that good and bad are defined by nature.
False
The major charge against Socrates at his trial was "refusing to honor the customs of Athens."
False
The sophists were originally amateur teachers who only reluctantly accepted money from insistent followers.
False
The term barbarian derives from Greek roots meaning "blood letter."
False
Unlike technical knowledge, wisdom is neat and orderly
False
We commit the fallacy of anachronism whenever we fail to apply contemporary standards to the past.
False
Xenophon's account of Socrates is inaccurate.
False
In Plato's metaphysics, the highest level of reality consists of _____ .
Forms
According to Socrates, all evil is _____ .
Ignorance
According to Heraclitus, _____ is the rule according to which all things are accomplished and the law that is found in all things.
Logos
Aristotle founded the _____ .
Lyceum
The ring of Gyges presents the _____ position.
Moralists
Before philosophy, _____ provided explanations of natural phenomena for ancient Greeks.
Myths
What, according to Pythagoreans, is the first principle of all things?
Numbers
_____ is an example of a sophistic technique mentioned in the text.
O. J. Simpson's shabby clothes
Perhaps the greatest of the Sophists was _____ .
Protagoras
____ is what we think of today as a combination of the mind and soul.
Psyche
According to Plato, increasing democratization and sophistication led to the emergence of the first Athenian sophists.
True
Alcibiades said that he would almost be happy to learn that Socrates was dead.
True
Athens experienced a cultural crisis brought on by its increasing openness and prosperity.
True
Ethnocentric cultures view their ways as superior to all others.
True
Greek mythology was the product of a desire for explanations
True
In Plato's metaphysics, the highest level of reality consists of forms.
True
It is almost impossible to separate what Socrates taught from his whole personality.
True
Mere belief reduces truth to a matter of conviction.
True
Philosophers distinguish between knowledge and wisdom
True
Pierre Hadot suggests that, in the ancient world, to be a philosopher implied a rupture or split from daily life.
True
Protagoras was a pragmatist.
True
Relativism is the name for the belief that knowledge is determined by specific qualities of the observer.
True
Sages, gurus, shamans, and skeptics are examples of archetypes.
True
Socrates was guided by a divine sign or daimon.
True
Socrates was noted for physical courage, hardiness, and exceptional self-control.
True
Thales' direct legacy culminated in Anaximenes' doctrine of the pneuma.
True
The two basic varieties of moral relativism are cultural and intellectual.
True
Thrasymachus was a moral realist.
True
Traditionally, Thales is thought to have been the first Western philosopher.
True
Thales believed that everything is composed of _____
Water
Which of the following was most important to the sophists?
Winning
Metaphysics is the area of philosophy that _____
addresses the problem of what is real
Plato divided the human soul into three parts: reason, spirit, and....
appetite
Plato became disillusioned with both the _____ and the _____.
aristocracy/mob
Aristotle used the term _____ to refer to the overall nature or tone of a person's habits.
character
Ethics is the area of philosophy that _____
concerns itself with the good life
According to Aristotle, vice takes two forms: _____ and _____ .
deficiency/excess
Socrates said that to have no wants is _____
divine
According to Aristotle, the lowest level of soul is the sensitive, or sentient, soul.
false
According to Aristotle, virtue is "goodness in the extreme."
false
Aristotle agreed with his teacher Plato on all major philosophical matters.
false
Aristotle identified eudaimonia with pleasure.
false
Entelechy is Greek for "soul."
false
Plato believed that what is true changes slowly over time.
false
Plato concluded that all existing states are bad.
false
Plato's Republic identifies three classes of people: philosopher-kings, guardians, and workers.
false
The Socratic dialectic is an especially moving speech, one that raises powerful emotions.
false
Aristotle argued that _____ .
form can be distinguished from content only in thought
Anaximenes called the underlying element _____ .
pneuma
Socrates _____ .
said that it was wrong to take money to teach
Logic is the area of philosophy that _____ .
studies the rules of correct reasoning
Plato named his school _____
the Academy
So great was Aristotle's influence on later thinkers that for centuries, educated persons knew him simply as _____ .
the Philosopher
The chief purpose of Plato's school was probably _____ .
to educate people who would be fit to rule the state
According to Aristotle, the good life is a process.
true
According to Plato, democracy leads to tyranny.
true
Aristotle believed that human beings are not separate from nature but are part of nature.
true
Aristotle thought of happiness in terms of function.
true
Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander the Great.
true
Plato claimed that there are four levels of awareness.
true
Plato compared the good to the sun.
true
The Republic concerns the search for justice.
true
The Republic is probably the most widely read work in Western philosophy.
true
What we know today as the writings of Aristotle are really a collection of notes.
true
