Philosophy
The escaped prisoner's friends from the cave believe him when he tells them about the additional layers of reality he has discovered. (See minutes 2:00 to 4:00)
False
The laws of nature can be deduced without reference to experience. (See pp. 8-9)
False
The observation that events happen in continual succession is enough to determine relations of cause and effect. (See pp. 11-12)
False
The pettifogger, unlike the philosopher, never looks silly when asked big questions about the nature of justice or happiness. (See paragraphs 12-14)
False
The spirited part of the soul is the part that seeks truth and listens to logic. (See minutes 2-3)
False
The video proposes a three step method for studying philosophy. (See minutes 8-9)
False
The video uses an example involving dogs with three tails to explain how we sometimes get things wrong about the world. (See minutes 6:00 to 9:00)
False
There are seven main branches of philosophy. (See minutes 4-5)
False
There is only one accurate description of philosophy. (See paragraphs 1-4)
False
Thoreau believes that our education should end once we become adults. (See pp. 12-13)
False
Thoreau claims that, if you cannot get books, then it is impossible to get an education. (See pp. 21-23)
False
Thoreau disagrees with Confucius about the nature true of knowledge. (See pp. 6-7)
False
Thoreau endorsed the idea that everyone's personal beliefs were always true for them. (See minutes 6:00 to 12:00)
False
Thoreau is heartened to find how many people love to read the best books. (See pp. 12-13)
False
Thoreau loves to get lost in large crowds. (See pp. 14-15)
False
Thoreau published his famous political essay, "Civil Disobedience," in 1859. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
False
Thoreau sees simplicity as an enemy to a beautiful, complex, and worthwhile life. (See pp. 8-9)
False
Thoreau sees the acquisition and maintenance of material wealth as a reward for those with good souls. (See pp. 2-3)
False
Thoreau supported President Polk's policies.
False
Thoreau sustained himself on only two days of work per week. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
False
Thoreau thinks that a dead lion is better than a living dog. (See pp. 18-20)
False
Thoreau was born in Albany, New York. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
False
Thoreau was in favor of political passivity. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:30)
False
Thoreau would rather have love than fame or money. (See pp. 21-23)
False
Thoughts are unbounded and escape all human power and authority. (See pp. 2-3)
False
Western philosophy was originally developed by the Romans. (See minutes 2-4)
False
While you wouldn't grieve over someone else's broken cup, it is right to grieve over your own. (See pp. 9-10)
False
Women should place their hopes for happiness in attracting the attention of men. (See pp. 15-16)
False
You should envy the good things others receive because they are not in your control. (See pp. 7-8)
False
You should look forward to promised pleasures. (See pp. 13-14)
False
Young people should listen to the advice given to them by their elders. (See pp. 4-5)
False
Zeno of Cyprus lost all of his possessions in a fire. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
False
According to Thoreau, trees can be a source of wisdom. (See minutes 12:00 to 20:00)
True
Alexander the Great helped spread Greek philosophy. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
Anger, as a type of desire, is among the most destructive emotions. (See minutes 30:00 to 40:00)
True
Arguments are structured by premises that add up to a conclusion. (See minutes 4-5)
True
As one of the two powers of the mind, impressions name the mind's inputs from senses and emotions, the foundational feelings of the mind. (See minutes 2:00 to 4:00)
True
Big philosophical questions include: what is the world like or what is the nature of reality? (See minutes 2-4)
True
Critical evaluation involves questioning your own ideas about the world. (See minutes 8-10)
True
Deductive arguments are prized because they offer certainty. (See minutes 8-9)
True
Deductive arguments lead to necessary conclusions. (See minutes 6-7)
True
The feeling of surprise or wonder disposes people to believe in miracles that violate the laws of nature. (See pp. 19-21)
True
The greater part of what Thoreau's neighbors call good, he believes to be bad. (See pp. 6-7)
True
The journals of Marcus Aurelius helped Nelson Mandela during his imprisonment. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
The principle that, outside of reason, compels us to reach conclusions about causes and effects is called "custom" or "habit." (See pp. 11-12)
True
The prisoner who escapes from the cave discovers new and deeper layers of reality. (See minutes 2:00 to 4:00)
True
The third big idea is to decode the message of beauty. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
The video compares the shadows in Plato's cave to the teddy bear owned by a child. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:00)
True
There are important parallels between Stoic teachings and Buddhist teachings. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:30)
True
Thoreau advocated peaceful forms of revolution. (See minutes 24:00 to 27:00)
True
Thoreau argued that, under the rule of an unjust government, the only proper place for a just person is in prison. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
Thoreau claims that a "draught of undiluted morning air" may be Nature's best medicine. (See pp. 16-17)
True
Thoreau claims that, whether it's good or bad, people ultimately only crave reality. (See pp. 10-11)
True
Thoreau communicates with the plants and trees around him because he is partly made of leaves and vegetables himself. (See pp. 16-17)
True
Thoreau compares his intellect to a cleaver, that cuts through to the secret truth of things. (See pp. 10-11)
True
Thoreau compares moral reform to the work of waking up. (See pp. 8-9)
True
Thoreau compares the endless labor associated with inheriting a farm to the kinds of excruciating penance performed by Brahmins. (See pp. 2-3)
True
Thoreau deeply valued self reliance. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
True
Thoreau eventually chose to stop living alone in the woods because he'd fallen into the rut of a routine. (See pp. 18-20)
True
Thoreau lived in a shack for two years, two months, and two days of his life. (See minutes 0:00 to 6:00)
True
Thoreau saw his acts of civil disobedience as a "counter-friction" to the smoothly turning wheels of an unjust government. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
Thoreau saw the natural world as full of spiritual significance. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
Thoreau sees luxuries and comforts as a hindrance to meaning and happiness. (See minutes 19:00 to 24:00)
True
Thoreau sees the pursuit of wealth as a sort of slavery. (See pp. 4-5)
True
Thoreau that people should follow their individual consciences, regardless of the will of the majority. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
True
Thoreau thinks that communities would be better off spending more money on education than on new bridges. (See pp. 14-15)
True
Thoreau thought that elected officials were as likely to serve the devil as God. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:30)
True
Thoreau thought that we must understand ourselves as part of nature, rather than as outsiders to nature. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
Thoreau urged a kind of radical nonconformity. (See minutes 6:00 to 12:00)
True
Thoreau valorized simplicity. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
True
Thoreau wanted to redirect prestige away from obedience and toward independent thought. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
True
Thoreau was afraid that he might, at his death, come to discover that he hadn't actually lived. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
True
Thoreau was an opponent of slavery. (See minutes 24:00 to 27:00)
True
Thoreau's aim is to live deliberately, not accidentally. (See minutes 0:00 to 6:00)
True
Thoreau's contributions to political philosophy are often overlooked today. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
True
Thoreau's ideas about self reliance led to his ideas about civil disobedience. (See minutes 20:00 to 24:00)
True
Thoreau's political writing influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:47)
True
Thoughts are narrowly constrained by the limits of our impressions and experiences
True
Thoughts are narrowly constrained by the limits of our impressions and experiences. (See pp. 2-3)
True
To help us question the nature of reality, Plato tells a story about prisoners chained inside a cave. (See minutes 2:00 to 4:00)
True
True wisdom is the knowledge of how little you actually know. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:00)
True
Virtue is nothing other than right reason. (See minutes 40:00 to 50:00)
True
We can solve abstract philosophical problems by asking: from what impression is the supposed idea derived
True
We can solve abstract philosophical problems by asking: from what impression is the supposed idea derived? (See pp. 4-5)
True
We can't know for sure that the sun will rise again tomorrow, we can only expect it to rise again based on our habitual experiences. (See minutes 6:00 to 8:00)
True
Weigh against the value of any pleasure the even greater pleasure that comes from being in control of your own desires. (See pp. 13-14)
True
When we realize what is not in our control, then we can use our capacity for reason to act accordingly. (See minutes 20:00 to 30:00)
True
When you kiss your spouse or child, you should remind yourself that they are going to die. (See pp. 1-2)
True
While we can create new complex ideas (like the idea of a "golden mountain"), it is impossible to create a simple idea that didn't come directly from impressions. (See minutes 3:00 to 6:00)
True
You can counter the experience of anger by cultivating more rational and realistic expectations about the world. (See minutes 30:00 to 40:00)
True
You should be ashamed when you give other people control over your thoughts and happiness. (See pp. 9-10)
True
Zeno of Cyprus was stranded far from home with no money or possessions. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
True
Philosophers never question the "old gods." (See paragraphs 12-14)
False
Philosophers, because they ask silly questions and disregard the unwritten rules of society, are harmless. (See paragraphs 9-12)
False
Philosophy is a rare practice with which ordinary people have no experience. (See minutes 6-7)
False
Philosophy is no different from sciences like psychology. (See minutes 1-2)
False
Plato had three big ideas for helping people achieve eudaimonia or fulfillment. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
False
Plato write 46 books, all of them dialogues. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
False
Plato's fourth big idea was to preserve society just as it is. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:30)
False
President Polk declared war against Great Britain and threatened Mexico. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
False
Relations of cause and effect are not crucial for Hume. (See minutes 6:00 to 9:00)
False
Sickness hinders your ability to choose. (See pp. 3-4)
False
Socrates agreed that he should be harshly punished for his crimes. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:48)
False
Socrates compares Athens to a gadfly and describes himself as a great and noble horse. (See pp. 13-14)
False
Socrates compares the work of educating young people to the work of training dogs. (See pp. 7-8)
False
Socrates lived from 450BC to 399BC. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
False
Socrates published many books during his life. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
False
Socrates thinks he deserves to be punished with exile. (See pp. 18-20)
False
Socrates thinks it is wise to fear death. (See pp. 11-12)
False
Socrates thinks of himself as a professional teacher. (See pp. 3-4)
False
Socrates thinks that it is easier to avoid unrighteousness than death. (See pp. 18-20)
False
Socrates thinks that philosophers are the same thing as pettifoggers. (See paragraphs 5-8)
False
Socrates views himself as a talented, eloquent speaker. (See pp. 1-2)
False
Socrates was Plato's student. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
False
Socrates was not a troublemaker. (See minutes 0:00 to 1:00)
False
Socrates weeps and begs the jury for mercy. (See pp. 15-17)
False
Socrates wrote a book called The Republic. (See 0:00 to 2:00)
False
Stoicism encourages us to focus on the end goal of pleasure, rather than the practice of virtue. (See minutes 40:00 to 50:00)
False
Stoics should defend themselves when censured. (See pp. 17-18)
False
The Stoics believe in five cardinal virtues. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
False
The difference between fact and fiction lies in the particular ideas that the mind is entertaining. (See pp. 13-14)
False
Our duties to family members are determined by whether they are good family members. (See pp. 11-12)
False
All reasoning about "matters of fact" are founded on the relation of resemblance.
False
All reasoning about "matters of fact" are founded on the relation of resemblance. (See pp. 6-7)
False
Arguments are rarely used or made in everyday life. (See minutes 1-2)
False
As a Stoic, you should avoid silence and look for occasions to speak. (See pp. 11-12)
False
As a formal school, Stoicism lasted for more than a thousand years. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
False
By the term "impressions" Hume means thoughts or ideas.
False
By the term "impressions" Hume means thoughts or ideas. (See pp. 2-3)
False
Discovering that your old beliefs about the world are wrong is a very comforting experience. (See minutes 6:00 to 9:00)
False
Emerson built a small cabin on Thoreau's property where he could live alone and in simplicity. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
False
Epictetus compares Stoics to sheep who vomit up the grass they've eaten. (See pp. 17-18)
False
Epictetus compares life to a dinner party where you should take as much of everything as you can. (See pp. 5-6)
False
Epictetus urges us to love all things that are not in our control. (See pp. 1-2)
False
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of reality. (See minutes 4-5)
False
Exposure to ugliness can strengthen the soul. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
False
Humans find the emotions of amazement and wonder to be unpleasant. (See minutes 14:00 to 18:00)
False
Hume believes that all feelings or passions are of equal value. (See minutes 2:00 to 4:00)
False
Hume claims that we are more influenced by reason than by our feelings. (See minutes 0:00 to 2:00)
False
Hume disagrees with the idea that miracles are violations of the laws of nature. (See minutes 14:00 to 18:00)
False
Hume found immediate literary success with his first book. (See minutes 0:00 to 2:00)
False
Hume wanted to prove the impossibility of using scientific approaches to understand the human mind. (See minutes 0:00 to 2:00)
False
Hume was an atheist not an agnostic or a theist. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:00)
False
Imagination can attain the same force or vivacity of connection as belief. (See pp. 13-14)
False
Inductive reasoning is foolproof. (See minutes 9:00 to 14:00)
False
Knowledge of causes and effects can be acquired via a priori reasoning. (See pp. 8-9)
False
Logical fallacies are a philosopher's best friend. (See minutes 6-7)
False
A miracle is, by definition, a violation of the laws of nature. Otherwise, it would't be miraculous. (See pp. 17-18)
True
The Stoics claim that humans possess a unique gift from nature: reason. (See minutes 10:00 to 20:00)
True
"Belief" is a weight or force felt by the mind. (See pp. 15-16)
True
"Matters of fact" can never imply a contradiction. (See pp. 6-7)
True
A "sound" argument has both true premises and a valid structure. (See minutes 8-9)
True
Empiricism is the idea that all knowledge and ideas originally come from impressions received through the senses. (See minutes 2:00 to 4:00)
True
Ethics generally consist of thinkers like Plato or Aristotle making a case for how to live a good life. (See minutes 6:00 to 10:00)
True
Even if they no longer believe in Plato's theory of the soul, philosophers continue to believe that our rational capacities should rule over our emotions and appetites. (See minutes 2-3)
True
Even if you aren't like Socrates, you should want to be like Socrates. (See pp. 18-19)
True
Even the loosest and freest conversation is ordered by some principles of connection.
True
Even the loosest and freest conversation is ordered by some principles of connection. (See pp. 6-7)
True
Every idea is copied from a similar impression
True
Every idea is copied from a similar impression. (See pp. 4-5)
True
Everything in life has two handles: the handle of justice and the handle of injustice. Be sure to grab hold of things by the right handle. (See pp. 15-16)
True
Evidence derived from human testimony must be derived from and balanced against past experiences. (See pp. 17-18)
True
Famously, Thales was a philosopher who, while looking at the stars, fell into a well and was mocked for it. (See paragraphs 1-4)
True
Greek philosophy helped give birth to modern science, especially its focus on methodically questioning what we know. (See minutes 3:00 to 4:00)
True
Hume argues that the probability of a miracle happening must be weighed against the probability of the laws of nature being broken. (See minutes 8:00 to 11:00)
True
Hume believes that everything we do has a cause outside of us and that, as a result, we are not the true authors of our own actions. (See minutes 6:00 to 8:00)
True
Hume claimed that when we attempt to directly observe the core self, all we ever actually find are perceptions of things other than ourselves. (See minutes 6:00 to 8:00)
True
Hume claims that a belief in miracles cannot be justified. (See minutes 8:00 to 11:00)
True
Hume did not think there were compelling arguments in support of God's existence. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:00)
True
Hume distinguishes between simple ideas and complex ideas. (See minutes 3:00 to 6:00)
True
Hume doubted that traditional philosophies actually helped people to live good lives. (See minutes 8:00 to 11:00)
True
Hume doubted the reality of personal identity. (See minutes 6:00 to 8:00)
True
Hume questions where our ideas about causes and effects come from in the first place. (See minutes 6:00 to 9:00)
True
Hume was a central figure of the Scottish Enlightenment. (See minutes 0:00 to 2:00)
True
Hume was a skeptic. (See minutes 0:00 to 3:00)
True
Hume's fork refers to the fact that everything in the mind must be either an impression or an idea. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:00)
True
Hume's philosophy is built on the observation that the key thing we must get right in life is feeling. (See minutes 2:00 to 4:00)
True
Hume's philosophy relies primarily on observation. (See minutes 0:00 to 3:00)
True
Hume's primary question was always: what is a good life? (See minutes 8:00 to 11:00)
True
If there is life after death, Socrates plans to continue questioning everyone he meets in that next life. (See pp. 21-22)
True
If you want to be happy, you must let other people think that you are foolish and stupid. (See pp. 5-6)
True
In order to be happy, you should think about death every day. (See pp. 7-8)
True
In response to Socrates' questions, Meletus claims that many people are capable of correctly instructing and improving the youth. (See pp. 7-8)
True
Inductive reasoning is a sort of mental habit that connects causes and effects. (See minutes 9:00 to 14:00)
True
It is dangerous to think that you know what you do not. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
True
It is possible for all of an argument's premises to be true while the argument as a whole is not valid. (See minutes 6-7)
True
It's not that Stoics don't feel emotions, but that they aren't slaves to their emotions. (See minutes 20:00 to 30:00)
True
The Stoics called the world's complex web of cause and effect "logos" because the web was logical or rational. (See 1:00 to 2:00)
True
Nature teaches us to be more humble and self-aware. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:47)
True
No amount of human testimony can outweigh the strength of the claim made by the customary force of the laws of nature. (See pp. 19-21)
True
One of the most important topics of Stoic ethics is the difference between what we can control and can't control. (See minutes 10:00 to 20:00)
True
Our knowledge of causes and effects rests entirely on probabilities. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:00)
True
Our reasoning concerning matters of fact allows for different degrees of certainty. (See pp. 15-16)
True
People are different from other animals because they can be persuaded by arguments. (See minutes 1-2)
True
Philosophers appear stupid or absent-minded because of their clumsiness in worldly affairs. (See paragraphs 5-8)
True
Philosophers take it for granted that there is always more to the world than meets the eye. (See 0:00 to 2:00)
True
Philosophy focuses on big picture questions about why we do, think, or feel what we do, think, or feel. (See minutes 1-2)
True
Philosophy is especially interested in puzzles, paradoxes, and thought experiments. (See minutes 4-5)
True
Philosophy, because it doesn't play by the rules of the pettifogger's world, is often associated with blasphemy. (See paragraphs 9-12)
True
Plato claims that true love is admiration. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
True
Plato is so important to Western philosophy that Whitehead described philosophy as a series of footnotes to Plato's work. (See paragraphs 1-4)
True
Plato is urging us to consider the possibility that the world is not really as it seems. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:00)
True
Plato wanted rulers to become philosophers and philosopher to become rulers. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:30)
True
Plato's compares material objects in our world to the two-dimensional shadows from his cave. (See minutes 4:00 to 6:00)
True
Plato's one goal was to help people achieve eudaimonia or fulfillment. (See minute 0:00 to 1:00)
True
Popular opinion (or doxa) often pushes in the direction of the wrong values. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
True
Society promotes a passive, thoughtless way of life. (See minutes 12:00 to 20:00)
True
Socrates argues that either he did not corrupt the youth or he did so unintentionally. (See pp. 9-10)
True
Socrates calls on Apollo, the god of Delphi, as a witness in his favor. (See pp. 3-4)
True
Socrates claims that Meletus contradicts himself when he says that Socrates is a complete atheist. (See pp. 9-10)
True
Socrates compares himself to Achilles. (See pp. 11-12)
True
Socrates found that many people who think they are wise, are not. (See minutes 1:00 to 2:00)
True
Socrates practice of questioning the wisdom possessed by politicians, poets, and artisans led to his having many enemies. (See pp. 5-6)
True
Socrates thinks that poets are like prophets or soothsayers who don't understand their own words. (See pp. 5-6)
True
Socrates thinks that, because his divine sign did not forbid from coming to court, death must not be a terrible thing. (See pp. 21-22)
True
Socrates urges the Athenians to care most of all about improving their souls. (See pp. 13-14)
True
Socrates wants the jury to view him as a stranger who is ignorant of Athenian ways and customs. (See pp. 1-2)
True
Socrates was once embroiled in a political controversy that almost got him killed. (See pp. 15-17)
True
Socrates' definition of the philosopher as "the one who appears silly" is deeply ironic. (See paragraphs 5-8)
True
Socratic discussion is a method for rationally examining your beliefs and evaluating their quality. (See minutes 2:00 to 3:00)
True
Stoic ethics attempt to protect the practitioner from any adversity that could possibly be thrown their way. (See minutes 6:00 to 10:00)
True
Stoicism focuses on self improvement. (See minutes 2:00 and 3:00)
True
Stoicism teaches that we can harness our will power to fill our lives with meaning even in the bleakest situations. (See minutes 4:00 to 5:30)
True
Stoics refuse to procrastinate taking control of their own happiness. (See pp. 18-19)
True
Stoics wish for things to happen as they do. (See pp. 3-4)
True
The Stoics believed that all events are intertwined in a complex web of cause and effect. (See 1:00 to 2:00)
True
Deism
a belief in the existence of a supreme deity who does not interact with humans
Theism
a belief in the existence of one God as the creator of the universe
Teleology
explanation of phenomena in terms of their end goal or purpose
Transcendence
refers to those aspects of reality that exist beyond the limits of this world
Immanence
refers to those aspects of reality that exist within the limits of this world
Virtue
strength or excellence, especially of a moral kind
Transcendentalism
the 19th century theory that divinity pervades all of nature and humanity
Eudaimonia
the Greek term for a prosperous life that has been well lived
Philosophy
the academic discipline that studies the fundamental nature of reality, truth, goodness, and beauty
Epistemology
the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature and limits of knowledge
Aesthetics
the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of beauty
Ethics
the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of goodness and morality
Metaphysics
the branch of philosophy that investigates the ultimate nature of reality
Empiricism
the epistemological theory that all knowledge is derived from sense experience
Skepticism
the epistemological theory that certainty is impossible
Determinism
the idea that all events, including human actions, are inevitable and caused by external forces
Materialism
the metaphysical position that reality is ultimately rooted in matter
Idealism
the metaphysical position that reality is ultimately rooted in the mind
Dualism
the metaphysical position that reality ultimately consists of two irreconcilable principles (like mind and matter).
Naturalism
the theory that all events arise from natural (and never supernatural) causes
Agnosticism
the theory that nothing can be known for sure about the nature or existence of God
Nominalism
the theory that only particular objects exist and that general categories are only names
Rationalism
the theory that reason rather than experience is the foundation of certainty in knowledge
Pantheism
the theory that the natural world, taken as a whole, is God
Ataraxia
tranquility, or freedom from disturbance by external things