PHPR887 Exam 1 Quizzes

According to Chapter 1 Developing Perspectives on Pharmacogenomics from Pharmacogenomics: An Introduction and Clinical Perspective, the median time to first discovery of a new therapeutic agent to clinical intervention is: A. 27 years B. 13 years C. 7 years D. 23 years

A. 27 years

According to the recording from the NIH Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms, pharmacogenomics is a combination of the following two fields: Genomics and A. Pharmacy B. Pharmacology C. Pharmacotherapy D. Pharmaceutical

B. Pharmacology

The CYP2C19*2 allele is a mutation with what type of functional consequence? A. changes the amino acid sequence B. increases gene expression C. causes a splicing defect D. inserts a premature stop codon

C. causes a splicing defect

Circulating cell-free DNA has the potential to do all of the following except: A. indicate transplant rejection B. indicate active metastases C. indicate CYP genotypes affecting drug metabolism D. identify infectious bacterial particle

C. indicate CYP genotypes affecting drug metabolism

The FDA shutdown of 23andme in 2013 was primarily a result of the fact that the company offered: A. genetic counselling B. carrier status for disease C. non-validated disease risk D. earwax type

C. non-validated disease risk

The number of human protein-coding genes in the genome is estimated to be A. 20,000-25,000 B. 3-4 billion C. 5,000-10,000 D. 3-4 million

A. 20,000-25,000

How many autosomes and sex chromosomes are in a diploid cell? A. 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes B. 44 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome C. 23 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes D. 23 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

A. 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes

According to Chapter 1 Developing Perspectives on Pharmacogenomics, available data suggests that patient acceptance of pharmacogenetic testing will not be a significant hurdle for clinical implementation. A. True B. False

A. True

Differences in individual variability in drug response are ultimately due to differences in the amount or activity of proteins. A. True B. False

A. True

For CYP enzyme genes, the *1 allele refers to the reference allele. A. True B. False

A. True

In genetic studies, there is typically a bias towards including persons with European ancestry and excluding persons with non-European ancestry. A. True B. False

A. True

What is the protein that is the molecular target of warfarin and part of warfarin's pharmacodynamic pathway? A. VKORC1 B. CYP2C9 C. CYP3A4 D. S-warfarin

A. VKORC1

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 prohibits genetic discrimination associated with A. employment B. disability insurance C. life insurance D. long-term care insurance

A. employment

A SNP in the interleukin 28Bgene, which encodes the protein interferon lambda 3, strongly influences the rates of sustained virologic response in patients with chronic HCV treated with peginterferon and: A. ribavirin B. HCV protease inhibitors C. boceprevir D. HCV polymerase inhibitor

A. ribavirin

Compared to genetic testing, pharmacogenetic testing represents an increased potential for unsolicited genetic information and for disclosure of genetic inheritance patterns in family members. A. True B. False

B. False

The term pharmacogenetics is more broad than the term pharmacogenomics. A. True B. False

B. False

Identify the term defined by the following definition: a term used to define the genetic variation at a single variable base position in the genome on both of the chromosomes carried by a given person. For example, a patient who has been genetically tested says, "My ___ at that position is A/C" A. Allele B. Genotype C. Diplotype D. Prototype

B. Genotype

The following is not a limitation of precision medicine. A. ethical, legal and social issues regarding genetic testing B. avoidance of drugs with predictable side effects C. biological complexity and interactions between multiple gene D. clinician education regarding pharmacogenetic testing

B. avoidance of drugs with predictable side effects

The following is an example where pharmacogenomic testing is least likely to provide a clinical benefit. A. drug has a narrow therapeutic window B. drug is universally effective in all patients C. drug has a single pathway to bioactivation D. drug has an off-target serious adverse effect

B. drug is universally effective in all patients

According to the 1000 Genomes project, how many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are estimated to be present in the human genome? A. 2.5-8.0 thousand B. 1.5-2.0 million C. 20-40 million D. 2-3 billion

C. 20-40 million

Which of the following is false regarding the Myriad Genetics case? A. The case dealt with testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which greatly increase breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility. B. Myriad was awarded patents on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in the 1990s. C. In 2013, the US Supreme Court ruled that isolated, naturally existing human genes can be patented. D. DNA molecules engineered by man are eligible for patent

C. In 2013, the US Supreme Court ruled that isolated, naturally existing human genes can be patented.

According to Chapter 1. Developing Perspectives on Pharmacogenomics, a genome-wide association study can be used to: A. Identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with disease B. Identify genes that contribute to disease C. Identify potential drug targets D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is a phenotype group for drug metabolizing enzymes? A. poor metabolizer B. extensive metabolizer C. ultra-rapid metabolizer D. all of the above

D. All of the above

A cytosine is inserted into a gene sequence, causing downstream codons to produce incorrect amino acids. What kind of mutation is this? A. Non-synonymous B. Non-sense C. Splice site D. Frame shift

D. Frame shift

Which of the following types of genetic variation is the most likely to increase the amount of functional protein produced from a gene? A. Splice site polymorphism B. Premature stop codon C. Nonsense mutation D. Promoter polymorphism

D. Promoter polymorphism

The following is not a stop codon: A. UGA B. UAA C. UAG D. UCC

D. UCC

The following are omic fields of ongoing research: A. nutrigenomics B. interactomics C. microbiomics D. all the above

D. all the above

Which of the following is false regarding the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI)? A. PMI is focused on enabling a new era of medicine with individualized treatments B. PMI has a goal to recruit brightest researchers from multiple disciplines C. PMI will include more than 1 million volunteers D. the PMI concept of precision medicine is completely novel

D. the PMI concept of precision medicine is completely novel