Physical Science 102
Who developed the quantum theory in 1900 and has a constant named for him? de Broglie Bohr Planck Einstein
Planck
____________ is the spontaneous process of nuclei undergoing a change by emitting particles or rays. Radioactive Decay Nuclei Decay Atomic Decay
Radioactive Decay
The current limit of age dating using Carbon-14 is 40,000-50,000 years 10,000-20,000 years 50,000-100,000 years
40,000-50,000 years
How many shells in an atom of silicon contain electrons? 3 2 5 4
3
The Lewis symbol X(3 dots) would be characteristic of which group? 2A 4A 3A 1A
3A
The first shell of an atom can hold a maximum of how many electrons? 1 2 6 8
2
How many neutrons are there in an atom of 39/19 K? 19 20 39 58
20
How many nucleons are there in an atom of 235/92 U? 92 143 235 None of these
235
For a specific element, photons of how many different energies could be emitted by electrons in the n = 3 level as they return to the n = 1 level? 1 4 2 3
3
When a hydrogen electron is in its ground state, its principal quantum number is zero. -13.6 eV. 1. +13.6 eV. none of these.
1.
Calculate the frequency in hertz of photons of light with energy of 8.10 × 10^-19 J. 0.82 x 10^14 Hz 0.82 x 10^15 Hz 1.22 x 10^15 Hz 1.22 x 10^14 Hz
1.22 x 10^15 Hz
A rock of mass 0.100 kg is thrown with a speed of 50.0 m/s. What is its de Broglie wavelength? 5.30 x 10^-34 m 6.63 x 10^-34 m 1.27 x 10^-28 m 1.33 x 10^-34 m
1.33 x 10^-34 m
Calculate the energy (En) in eV of a hydrogen atom's electron with n=3. 1.51 eV -4.53 eV -3.4 eV -1.7 eV
1.51 eV
The diameter of an average nucleus is about 10^-5 m. 10^-7 m. 10^-10 m. 10^-14 m.
10^-14 m.
A compound consists of only magnesium, carbon, and oxygen. If the percentage by mass of Mg is 28.8% and that of C is 14.2%, what is the percentage by mass of O? 16.0% 57.0% 43.0% 22.5% None of the above
57.0%
How many valence electrons do the Group 6A elements have? 7 zero 6 1
6
The formula mass of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is 74.1 u. 38.1 u. 57.1 u. 58.1 u.
74.1 u.
The percentage by mass of carbon in methane, CH4, is about 25%. 75%. 80%. 20%.
75%.
How many protons are there in an atom of 235/92 U? 92 143 235 None of these
92
Which of the following types of radiation has the least ability to penetrate matter? Alpha particles Gamma rays X-rays Beta particles
Alpha particles
Which of the following, along with O2, is an allotrope of oxygen? O^3 O^2- O O^4
O^3
Anthropogenic radiation sources include all of the following EXCEPT: Medical X-rays Tobacco smoke Nuclear waste Bedrock
Bedrock
The atomic theory was revived and put on a solid experimental foundation in about 1803 by Proust. Dalton. Boyle. Lavoisier.
Dalton.
Which of the following Period 4 elements has the largest atom? Kr Ga Ca Br
Ca
What is the correct formula for calcium phosphate? Ca3P2 Ca2(PO4)3 Ca3(PO4)2 Ca2P3
Ca3(PO4)2
Which of these instruments is based on the theory of matter waves? Microwave oven X-ray tube Electron microscope Cathode ray tube
Electron microscope
How do the electron-dot structures of elements in the same group in the periodic table compare with one another? Elements of the same group have the same number of valence electrons The number of valence shell electrons increases by one for each element from the top to the bottom of the group The number of electrons in the electron-dot-structure will equal the group number for each element of the group The structures differ by exactly two electrons between vertically consecutive elements
Elements of the same group have the same number of valence electrons
A compound can never contain both ionic and covalent bonds. True False
False
During a nuclear reaction mass is only gained. True False
False
The products of fission are always not radioactive. True False
False
Unlike substances tend to mix well due to their molecular attraction. True False
False
____ is the source of energy for the Sun and other stars. Fusion Fission
Fusion
Atoms of which group of elements have seven electrons in the outer shell? Noble gases Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Halogens
Halogens
The major credit for the development of the periodic table goes to Berzelius. Lavoisier. Boyle. Mendeleev.
Mendeleev.
Radiation that is strong enough to knock electrons off atoms and form ions is known as Ionizing Magnetic Electric
Ionizing
Which of the following is an example of a chemical property? Al has a density of 2.70 g/cm3. Diamond is the hardest substance known. Limestone will yield CO2 when heated. CO2 will freeze at -78°C.
Limestone will yield CO2 when heated.
___________ spectra displays dark lines of missing colors. Line absorption Line emission Dark absorption
Line absorption
__________ spectroscopy is the study of the spectra and energy levels of molecules. Molecular Solar Electromagnetic
Molecular
An example of a diatomic molecule of an element is He N2 P4 CO
N2
Which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy? Ar Na Ne Li
Na
The element potassium should produce compounds most similar to those of Tc. Na. Al. Sr.
Na.
Which of the following is not one of the five major divisions of chemistry? Nuclear chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry Inorganic chemistry
Nuclear chemistry
Which of the following is not an ion? Mg^+2 O2 Br- NO3-
O2
Which of these colors of light has photons of lowest energy? Blue Green Yellow Red
Red
The term probability is associated with the model of the atom proposed by Schrodinger. Heisenberg. de Broglie. Einstein.
Schrodinger.
The symbol for tin is Sn. Ti. Sb. In.
Sn.
______ occurs when too many neutrons escape to keep the reaction sustained. Critical mass Subcritical mass Supercritical mass
Subcritical mass
Suppose 25 g of reactant A is mixed with 45 g of reactant B. After a chemical reaction takes place between A and B, which statement is correct? The total mass of products plus any unreacted reactants will be 70 g. The total mass of products plus any unreacted reactants will be less than 70 g. The total mass of products plus any unreacted reactants will be more than 70 g. The total mass of products will be 70 g.
The total mass of products plus any unreacted reactants will be 70 g.
The "plum pudding model" of the atom is associated with Bohr. Rutherford. Dalton. Thomson.
Thomson.
A molecule is polar if electrons are more attracted to one end of the molecule. True False
True
Bohr's theory gave correct results when applied to multi-electron atoms. True False
True
Ionization energy is the amount of energy the it takes to remove an electron from an atom. True False
True
The predictable decay rate of radioactive elements in rocks and minerals allow for age determinations. True False
True
The radiation component of maximum intensity determines a hot solid's color. True False
True
Transmutation is the process whereby radioactive nuclei can spontaneously change into nuclei of other elements True False
True
What is the symbol for the element whose atoms have 92 protons each? Nb U Zn None of these
U
A watermelon is a good example of a compound. an element. a homogeneous mixture. a heterogeneous mixture.
a heterogeneous mixture.
For a large nucleus when the number of protons exceeds 83 the nucleus becomes stable becomes unstable is not effected
becomes unstable
____________ was the result of accidental discovery. X-rays Microwaves Lasers
X-rays
What happens to the atomic number (Z) and the mass number (A) when a nucleus emits an alpha particle? Z increases by 1; A is unchanged. Z is unchanged; A is unchanged. Z decreases by 2; A decreases by 4. Z decreases by 1; A is unchanged.
Z decreases by 2; A decreases by 4.
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed in the reaction is called an oxidizing agent. a catalyst. an activation agent. a reducing agent.
a catalyst.
A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite, fixed proportion by mass is a molecule. a compound. an ion. a mixture.
a compound.
A gold-plated (gold-covered) piece of jewelry, such as a bracelet, is a compound. a heterogeneous mixture. a homogeneous mixture. an element.
a heterogeneous mixture.
Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution contains sugar crystals that do not dissolve, the solution is said to be an unsaturated solution. a saturated solution. a homogeneous solution. none of these.
a saturated solution.
A pair of electrons shared by two atoms forms a metallic bond. a double covalent bond. a single covalent bond. an ionic bond.
a single covalent bond.
If atoms unite by transfer of electrons, they form an organic compound. an ionic compound. a polar molecule. a covalent compound.
an ionic compound.
The chemical properties of calcium and strontium are similar because both are located on the left side the periodic table. are in the same group. have four electrons in the first shell. are in the same period.
are in the same group.
What is the name for a positively charged ion? anion cation
cation
Matter waves are also called ___________waves. de Broglie Plank Schrodinger Bohr
de Broglie
Who, in 1925, postulated that matter, as well as light, has properties of both waves and particles? Planck Heisenberg de Broglie Einstein
de Broglie
The CO molecule would probably be nonpolar. definitely be nonpolar. definitely be polar. probably be polar.
definitely be polar.
The preferred name for N2O (commonly called nitrous oxide) is nitrogen(II) oxide. nitric acid. nitric oxide. dinitrogen oxide.
dinitrogen oxide.
Hydrogen bonds are a dipole-dipole interaction an induced dipole-induced dipole interaction an ion-dipole interaction
dipole-dipole interaction
A Lewis base is any species that ___________ lone pair electrons. donates accepts
donates
The greater the frequency of light, the greater the ______________ of its photons. velocity speed wavelength energy
energy
Most stable types of nuclei have an ______________ number of protons and an ______________ number of neutrons. even; odd odd; odd odd; even even; even
even; even
When there is a net release of energy in a chemical reaction, it is called a(n) ______________ reaction. exothermic activation endothermic combustion
exothermic
The ______________ for compounds are written by putting the composing elements' symbols adjacent to each other, with subscripts indicating the number of atoms of each. equations molecules isotopes formulas
formulas
Defects in the subsequent offspring of the recipient of radiation are called ______________ effects. genetic latent somatic threshold
genetic
Breeder reactors run at a __________ temperature than conventional reactors. higher lower
higher
If a compound is solid, has a high melting point, conducts electricity in the liquid phase, and dissolves in water, it is most likely to be a(n)______________ compound. intermediate organic covalent ionic
ionic
The removal of an electron from an atom is called binding affinity. atomizing. electron affinity. ionization.
ionization.
If constituent elements are not mixed in the correct proportions then the one element that will be used up completely is called the limiting reactant excess reactant used up reactant
limiting reactant
Isotopes of an element offer in their numbers of ____________. neutrons electrons protons
neutrons
About 15% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s) iron nickel oxygen. silicon. iron and nickel.
nickel
Hydrogen is generally classified as a semimetal. nonmetal. metal. noble gas.
nonmetal.
If two atoms have equal electronegativity, a bond formed between them is generally ionic. nonpolar. very weak. polar.
nonpolar.
After 2 half-lives only _______ of the original amount of the radionuclide remains undecayed. one quarter one half one eighth
one quarter
By definition, the addition of oxygen to a substance is called neutralization. reduction. oxidation. displacement.
oxidation.
The original nucleus before decay is known as the parent nucleus daughter nucleus
parent nucleus
When an electron in an atom is excited from a lower energy level to a higher one, a ______________ is ______________. proton; absorbed proton; emitted photon; absorbed photon; emitted
photon; absorbed
An atom that has more protons than electrons is a ______________ ion. neutral positive negative polyatomic
positive
Removal of an electron from an atom leaves a neutron. positive ion. free quark. negative ion.
positive ion.
The mass number (A) of a nuclide is equal to the number of ______________ in one of its nuclei. protons plus neutrons protons neutrons neutrons plus electrons
protons plus neutrons
An acid added to a base will produce a salt and hydrogen ions. salt and hydroxide ions. salt and water. stronger acid and base.
salt and water.
The smaller portion of a solution is generally called the salt. solute. molar concentrate. solvent.
solute.
Homogeneous mixtures are heterogeneous mixtures. compounds. nonuniform mixtures. solutions.
solutions.
The hydrogen electron can be treated as a stable standing waves if the circumference of the orbit is a _____ number of wavelengths. whole fractional exponential
whole
A solution with a pH of 6 is strongly acidic. weakly basic. strongly basic. weakly acidic.
weakly acidic.
The percentage by mass of chlorine would be the same in FeCl3 as in FeCl2. would be greater in FeCl3 than in FeCl2. would be less in FeCl3 than in FeCl2. cannot be determined without additional information.
would be greater in FeCl3 than in FeCl2.
