Physical Science II Chapters 17-22

In a sedimentary rock, the degree of particle roundness can indicate A.) The duration and or length of travel. B.) Where the sediment particles originated. C.) Where the particles were deposited. D.) How the particles were cemented and compacted.

A

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a strong base, which means that it readily accepts hydrogen ions. What products are formed when sodium hydroxide accepts a hydrogen ion from a water molecule? A.) Sodium ions, hydroxide ions, and water. B.) Sodium ions, hydroxide ions, and hydronium ions. C.) Sodium ions and hydronium ions. D.) Sodium ions and water.

A

Subduction occurs as a result of A.) Gravity pulling the older and denser lithosphere downward. B.) Horizontal plate accommodation. C.) Upwelling of hot mantle material along the trench. D.) Lubrication from the generation of andesitic magma.

A

The maximum amount of water a particular soil can hold is determined by its A.) Porosity B.) Permeability C.) Degree of Saturation D.) Amount of Recharge

A

The yeast in bread dough feeds on sugar to produce carbon dioxide. Why does the dough rise faster in a warmer area? A.) There is a greater number of effective collisions among reacting molecules. B.) Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing temperature. C.) The yeast tends to "wake up" with warmer temperatures, which is why baker's yeast is best stored in the refrigerator. D.) The rate of evaporation increases with increasing temperature.

A

When the hydronium ion concentration equals 1 mole/L, what is the pH of the solution? Is the solution acidic or basic? A.) pH = 0; acidic B.) pH = 1; acidic C.) pH = 10; basic D.) pH = 7; neutral

A

Which would you expect ot be more viscous: a polymer made of long molecular strands or one made of short molecular strands. Why? A.) Long molecular strands because they tend to tangle among themselves. B.) Short molecular strands because of a higher density. C.) Long molecular strands because of a greater molecular mass. D.) Short molecular strands because their ends are typically polar.

A

Deltas form as A.) Periodic flooding clogs stream channels. B.) Erosion clogs stream channels. C.) The stream gradient decreases. D.) Streams enter a standing body of water.

D

Explain why caprylic acid dissolves in a 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide but caprylaldehyde does not. A.) With two oxygens, the caprylic acid is about twice as polar as the caprylaldehyde. B.) The caprylaldehyde is a gas at room temperature. C.) The caprylaldehyde behaves as a reducing agent, which neutralizes the sodium hydroxide. D.) The caprylic acid reacts to form the water-soluble salt.

D

Heteroatoms make a difference in the physical and chemical properties of an organic molecule because A.) They add extra mass to the hydrocarbon structure. B.) Each heteroatom has its own characteristic chemistry. C.) They can enhance the polarity of the organic molecule. D.) All of the Above

D

How is it possible to cause an endothermic reaction to proceed when the reaction causes energy to become less dispersed? A.) The reaction should be placed in a vacuum. B.) The reaction should be cooled down. C.) The concentration of the reactants should be increased. D.) The reaction should be heated.

D

A weak acid is added to a concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid. Does the solution become more acidic or less acidic? Why? A.) More acidic, because there are more hydronium ions being added to the solution. B.) Less acidic, because the solution becomes more dilute with a less concentrated solution of hydronium ions being added to it. C.) No change in acidity, because the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is too high to be changed by the weak solution. D.) Less acidic, because the concentration of hydroxide ions will increase.

B

Compaction and cementation of sediments leads to A.) Magma Generation B.) Lithification C.) Formation of Pore Water D.) Metamorphism

B

Earthquakes are caused by the A.) Friction between diverging plates. B.) Sudden release of energy that is stored elastically in deformed rocks. C.) Expansion of Earth's Crust D.) Isostasy

B

How many molecule of aspirin (formula mass = 180 amu) are there in a 0.250-g sample? A.) 6.02 x 10^23 B.) 8.38 x 10^20 C.) 1.51 x 10^23 D.) More information is needed.

B

Lithosphere is created at _________________ boundaries and destroyed at _________________ boundaries. A.) Convergent; Divergent B.) Divergent; Convergent C.) Divergent; Transform D.) Convergent; Transform

B

Most of Earth's fresh water is found A.) Lakes B.) Ice Caps and Glaciers C.) Rivers D.) Underground

B

Sand dunes move as wind A.) Disperses Sand B.) Blows sand form the back to the front of the dune. C.) Blows sand from the front to the back of the dune. D.) Interrupts the normal sequence of deposition.

B

Snow converts to glacial ice when subjected to A.) Decreasing Temperature B.) Pressure C.) Rain D.) Basal Sliding

B

Which contains more hydrogen atoms: a five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon molecule or a five-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule? A.) The unsaturated hydrocarbon has more hydrogen atoms. B.) The saturated hydrocarbon has more hydrogen atoms. C.) They both have the same number of hydrogen atoms. D.) It depends on whether the unsaturation is due to a double bond or a triple bond.

B

Why does the melting point of hydrocarbons increase as the number of carbon atoms per molecule increases? A.) An increase in the number of carbon atoms per molecule also means an increase in the density of the hydrocarbon. B.) The induced dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions are stronger. C.) Larger hydrocarbon chains tend to be branched. D.) The molecular mass also increases.

B

Why might a high-formula-mass alcohol be insoluble in water? A.) A high-formula-mass alcohol is too attracted to itself to be soluble in water. B.) The bulk of a high-formula-mass alcohol likely consists of nonpolar hydrocarbons. C.) Such an alcohol is likely in a solid phase. D.) In order for two substances to be soluble in each other, their molecules need to be of comparable mass.

B

Alkaloid salts are not very soluble in the organic solvent diethyl ether. What might happen to the free-base form of caffeine dissolved in diethyl ether if gaseous hydrogen chloride, HCl, were bubbled into the solution? A.) A second layer of water would form. B.)Nothing; the HCl gas would merely bubble out of solution. C.) The diethyl ether-insoluble caffeine salt would form as a white precipitate. D.) The acid-base reaction would release heat, which would cause the diethyl ether to start evaporating.

C

At divergent boundaries, basaltic magma is generated by the A.) Crystallization of mantle magma. B.) Partial melting of continental crust. C.) Partial melting of mantle rock. D.) Addition of water to mantle rock.

C

Coarse-grained plutonic igneous rocks are created because A.) Lava intrudes deep into Earth's interior. B.) Minerals cooled and grew quickly. C.) Minerals cooled and grew over long periods of time. D.) Larger minerals are more stable than smaller ones.

C

Convection in the mantle is caused primarily by A.) Heat moving from the mantle to the crust. B.) Conduction C.) Gravity and Temperature Differences. D.) Friction of the overlying lithosphere.

C

How many oxygen atoms are bonded to the carbon of the carbonyl of an ester functional group? A.) None B.) One C.) Two D.) Three

C

How many structural isomers are there for hydrocarbons that have the molecular formula C4H10? A.) None B.) One C.) Two D.) Three

C

How much energy, in kilojoules, is released or absorbed from the reaction of 1 mole of nitrogen, N2, with 3 moles of molecular hydrogen, H2, to form 2 moles of ammonia, NH3. A.) +889 kJ/mol B.) -993 kJ/mol C.) +80 kJ/mol D.) -80 kJ/mol

C

The hypothesis of continental drift is not supported by A.) Seafloor Spreading B.) Paleomagnetism C.) Isostasy D.) Glacial Striations

C

What can you deduce about the activation energy of a reaction that takes billions of years to go to completion? How about a reaction that takes only fractions of a second? A.) The activation energy of both these reactions must be very low. B.) The activation energy of both these reactions must be very high. C.) The slow reaction must have a high activation energy, while the fast reaction must have a low activation energy. D.) The slow reaction must have a low activation energy, while the fast reaction must have a high activation energy.

C

What is the relationship between the hydroxide ion and a water molecule? A.) A hydroxide ion is a water molecule plus a proton. B.) A hydroxide ion and a water molecule are the same things. C.)A hydroxide ion is a water molecule minus a hydrogen nucleus. D.) A hydroxide ion is a water molecule plus two extra electrons.

C

When lightning strikes, nitrogen molecules, N2, and oxygen molecule, O2, in the air react to form nitrates, NO^-1 3, which come down in the rain to help fertilize the soil. Is this an example of oxidation or reduction? A.) The formation of nitrates is an example of reduction. B.) The formation of nitrates is an example of oxidation. C.) Both. The nitrogen is oxidized as it reacts with the oxygen while the oxygen is reduced. D.) Neither. Although the bonds of both the N2 and O2 molecules are broken to form NO^-1 3, neither oxidation nor reduction occurs.

C

Which minerals crystallize first from cooling magma? A.) Minerals with high silica content. B.) Minerals with the lowest melting point. C.) Minerals with the highest melting point. D.) Minerals with the highest solubility.

C

Is the synthesis of ozone, O3, from oxygen, O2, an example of an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Why? A.) Exothermic, because ultraviolet light is emitted during its formation. B.) Endothermic, because ultraviolet light is emitted during its formation. C.) Exothermic, because ultraviolet light is absorbed during its formation. D.) Endothermic, because ultraviolet light is absorbed during its formation.

D

Rocks buckle and fold when subjected to A.) Tensional Force B.) The release of stored elastic energy. C.) Stretching of Earth's crust. D.) Compressional Force

D

Seismic waves increase in speed when A.) They pass through a liquid. B.) Rocks become denser and less rigid. C.) They form a wave shadow. D.) The elasticity of the rock increases.

D

What is the formula mass of sulfur dioxide, S02? A.) About 16 amu B.) About 32 amu C.) About 60 amu D.) About 64 amu

D

What role do CFCs play in the catalytic destruction of ozone? A.) Ozone is destroyed upon binding to a CFC molecule that has been energized by ultraviolet light. B.) There is no strong scientific evidence that CFCs play a significant role in the catalytic destruction of ozone. C.) CFC molecules activate chlorine atoms into their catalytic action. D.) CFC molecules migrate to the upper stratosphere where they generate chlorine atoms upon being destroyed by ultraviolet light.

D

Why does a battery that has thicc zinc walls last longer than one that has thin zinc walls? A.) Thick zinc walls prevent the battery from overheating. B.) Thick zinc walls prevent electrons from being lost into the surrounding environment. C.) Thick zinc walls hold in the battery acid longer. D.) The zinc walls are transformed into zinc ions as the battery provides electricity.

D