Physics Chapter 6

The temperature of boiling water is

-212°F -100°C

The lowest temperature possible in nature is

-273°C.

Which of these things has a temperature equal to the temperature of the air?

-tables -chairs

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 0°C. The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of

273°C

A pre-electronic thermostat employs a coiled

bimetallic strip

For each degree a volume of air at 0°C is cooled, its pressure

decreases by 1/273.

Which law of thermodynamics addresses the direction of heat flow?

second law

The temperature of melting ice is

-32°F. -0°C

Thermal energy can be measured in

-Calories -joules -calories

To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water

-requires a lot of energy for an increase in temperature. -releases a lot of energy in cooling. -absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature

In your room are things such as tables, chairs, and other people. Which of these things has a temperature lower to the temperature of the air?

-tables -chairs -other people -*none of the above

When you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove burner, the can undergoes an increase in

-thermal energy. -pressure. -temperature.

Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of

0 K. -273° C

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 10°C. The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of

293°C.

What would be the temperature of a mixture of 50 g of 20°C water and 50 g of 40°C water?

30°C

What would be the temperature of 75 g of 20°C water mixed with 25 g of 120°C water?

45°C

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to

4°C.

The temperature at the bottom of Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra Mountains in California, at this moment is

4°C.

Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1°C requires

50 calories

The temperature of water rises when 2.00 calories are added. It will rise the same when

8.38 J are added.

Which is greater: an increase in temperature of 1∘C or an increase of 1∘F?

An increase of 1 ∘C is larger.

A nutritionist in the United States measures the food energy in units of

Calories

On which temperature scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water?

Celsius

Suppose you cut a small gap in a metal ring. If you heat the ring, does the gap become wider or narrower?

The gap becomes wider

Which has the higher specific heat capacity: an object that cools quickly or an object of the same mass that cools more slowly?

The slowly cooling object has the greater specific heat capacity.

Pour a liter of 40°C water at into a liter of 20°C water and the final temperature of the two liters becomes

at or about 30°C.

Substances are composed of tiny particles. Temperature is related mostly to the particles'

average translational kinetic energy

As entropy in a system increases, energy within the system

becomes less ordered.

Heat energy is measured in units of

both joules and calories

If the temperature of a sample of 0°C water slightly increases, the sample of water

contracts

The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be

copper

When a bimetallic bar composed of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip because

copper expands more than iron

As a hot iron ring cools, the diameter of the hole

decreases

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a thermometer would rise when the temperature

decreases

When work is done by a system and no heat is added, the temperature of the system

decreases

Consider a sample of water at 20°C. If the temperature is slightly increased, the water

expands

If the temperature of a sample of 4°C water slightly decreases, the sample of water

expands

If the temperature of a sample of 4°C water slightly increases, the sample of water

expands

The usefulness of a bimetallic strip is due to differences in

expansions of metals

Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems?

first law

When you touch a hot penny in sunlight with your finger, energy flows

from the penny to your finger

When you touch a piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

from your finger to the ie

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2-liter and a 4-liter container of water, the temperature change for water in the 4-liter container will be

half that of the 2-liter container

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is decreased? Equal volumes of

helium

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of

helium

Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules have

high specific heat capacities

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with water's

high specific heat capacity

The direction of natural processes is from states of

higher order to lowest order

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has

higher temperature, but less thermal energy.

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is slightly increased? Equal volumes of

ice water

A metal ball is barely able to pass through a metal ring. When Anette Zetterberg heats the ball, it does not pass through the ring. What happens if she instead heats the ring (as shown): does the size of the hole increase, stay the same, or decrease?

increase

Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an egg beater. The temperature of the eggs will

increase

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

increases

Because a refrigerator operates with some kind of motor, leaving the refrigerator door open in a closed room on a hot day

increases room temperature

Your room gets messier day by day. In this case entropy is

increasing

Which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied?

iron

Ice has a lower density than water because ice

is composed of open-structured crystals

The greatest expansion of water occurs when

it turns to ice

If a room is cold it is due to a

lack of adequate thermal energy.

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes

larger

Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water

less dense

Place a 1-kg iron block at 40°C into 1 kg of water at 20°C and the final temperature becomes

less than 30°C

Place a kilogram block of iron at 40°C into a kilogram of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes

less than 30°C

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is

less than that for plants.

Water at 4°C will sink to the bottom of a pond because

like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water.

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

low specific heat capacity

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a

low specific heat capacity.

Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with

molecular kinetic energy

More disorder means

more entropy

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be

more likely to freeze

The overflow spillage of gasoline from a car's full tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands

more than the tank metal

A metal ring with a gap in it is shaped like the letter C. When the hot metal cools, the gap becomes

narrower

The open spaces in the crystal lattice of ice contain

nothing

Which of these things has a temperature greater to the temperature of the air?

other people

Entropy is most closely related to the

second law of thermodynamics

For each degree a volume of air at 0°C is cooled, its volume

shrinks by 1/273

Which will cool faster when taken from a furnace?

silver

San Francisco has milder winters than Washington D.C. due to water's high

specific heat capacity.

Ice tends to form at the

surface of bodies of water

Heat is thermal energy that flows due to

temperature differences

The white-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin don't cause injury because

the energy per molecule is high, but the total energy transferred is small

A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the thermal energy of each doubles,

the iron will have the higher temperature.

When a 1-kg metal pan containing 1 kg of cold water is removed from the refrigerator onto a table, which absorbs more heat from the room: the pan or the water?

the water

heat is simply another word for

thermal energy that flows from hot to cold.

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates

thermal equillirium

Which law of thermodynamics states that no system can reach absolute zero?

third law

Heat is thermal energy that matter

transfers

The motion of particles that contribute to temperature are

translational

The motion of molecules that most affects temperature is

translational motion

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water, the temperature change of water in the 1-liter container will be

twice

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered? Equal volumes of

water at 4°C.

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst because

water expands when freezing.

The filling of a hot apple pie is hotter than the crust due to

water in the filling that better retains thermal energy

A metal ring with a gap in it is shaped like the letter C. When heated, the gap becomes

wider