Physics EOC Review
A 600-newton person runs up a set of stairs that is 2.5 meters high in 2 seconds. How much power has the person generated?
750 watts
A ball at the end of a 2 meter string revolves in a circle at a rate of 4 m/s. What is the centripetal acceleration of the ball?
8 cm/s²
Ball 1 and ball 2 are identical. Ball 1 is dropped from a height of 4 feet. At the same time, ball 2 is dropped from a height of 8 feet. Students hypothesize that ball 2 will hit the ground with a greater speed than ball 1. Which statement most accurately supports this hypothesis?
Ball 2 will accelerate over a longer period of time than ball 1.
Stacey sits in a rolling chair. She throws a heavy ball and rolls backward. Which vectors best illustrate the forces involved in this phenomenon?
Ball → ← Stacey
A glass rod is charged to +10.0 nC by rubbing it with a piece of silk cloth. Which of the following is true about the rod?
Electrons were removed from the rod.
Which diagram best represents the reflection of a wave?
Facing towards each other
A ray of light travels through a lens, like shown. What happens to the light?
It is refracted.
The diagram shows a light wave passing through the air toward an opaque piece of glass. Which statement best describes what will happen to the wave as it strikes the glass?
It will reflect at an angle that is equal to the angle of incidence.
When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?
Its height increases.
Which statement correctly describes both sound and light waves?
Light waves can travel through space, sound waves cannot.
The picture shows a gravitational force diagram for an asteroid in space. If the centers of the planets are equidistant from the center of the asteroid, what can be said about the planets? (AF=150,000 BF=175,000)
Planet B has more mass than Planet A.
A child winds up a toy car for a 10 meter toy car race. The car travels 8 meters before stopping. The child says, "That car didn't have enough power to finish the race." Explain why this statement is inaccurate using scientific principles.
Power has nothing to do with why the car stopped, it has to do with converting all the Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy which is converted to Friction and Heat as the car slows down
Which of the following is a viable way to charge an electrically neutral rubber balloon?
Rub the balloon vigorously against your hair.
As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?
The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.
A satellite is launched from the surface of Earth, which is about 6,400 kilometers (km) from the center of Earth. How does the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth differ when the satellite is 6,400 km above Earth instead of at the surface?
The gravitational force is decreased by one-fourth.
A spaceship takes off and travels away from the surface of Earth. Which of these describes how the gravitational force changes between the spaceship and Earth at it travels further away from Earth?
The gravitational force is indirectly proportional to the square of the distance between the spaceship and the center of Earth.
A ball is thrown straight up. Which statement best describes the motion of the ball while the ball is at the maximum height?
The velocity is zero, and the acceleration is constant.
Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?
acceleration of the car
During the Doppler effect, which property of the sound wave changes?
frequency
Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe?
gravitational force
The gravitational force exerted by an object depends on its
mass.
During an egg toss, a catcher must cushion the egg by maximizing the time it takes to stop the egg. Find the impulse applied to a 60.0-gram egg has an initial velocity of 6.0 m/s as it first touches the catcher's hand, and the egg is stopped within 50.0 cm.
-0.36 N•s
A bicycle is traveling at 3 meters per second (m/s). The rider applies the brakes and stops the bicycle in 3 seconds. What is the average rate of acceleration of the bicycle during this time?
-1 m/s²
Students studied a graph of the motion of a toy car. What is the acceleration of the toy car in the time interval between 15 and 20 seconds?
-40 cm/s²
A train travels at a rate of 13 meters per second (m/s). Over the next 60 seconds, the speed of the train increases to speed to 22 m/s. What is the average rate of acceleration of the train?
0.15 cm/s²
The diagram shows an inelastic collision between two blocks. What is the final velocity of the two-block system?
0.5000 m/s
A 2-kg ball with an initial speed of 4 m/s sticks to a wall after colliding with the wall. How much kinetic energy is lost during the collision?
16 J
A 12-g ball moving 4.0 m/s collides head on and inelastically with a second 12-g ball initially at rest. After colliding, the balls move together at the speed
2.0 m/s
A 3.00-kg cart with an initial velocity of +4.00 m/s collides inelastically with a 5.00-kg cart with an initial velocity of +2.00 m/s. The carts stick together when they collide. What is their speed after colliding?
2.75 m/s
A rock thrown to the right with an initial horizontal velocity of 4 m/s lands after 5 seconds. What horizontal distance has the rock traveled?
20 m
The motion of a 5.0-kilogram block along a straight line is represented by the graph. What is the magnitude of the net force on the block?
3.8 N
A toy car moves in a straight line. Its velocity is recorded at 10-second time intervals. During which time interval does the car have the greatest positive acceleration?
30-40 seconds
A weightlifter lifts a 10 newton (N) weight to a height of 3 meters (m). How much work was done to move the weight?
30.0 N-m
The diagram shows the elastic collision between the moving sphere, sphere 1, and the static sphere, sphere 2. What is the velocity of sphere 2 after the collision?
4 m/s to the right
The diagram shows an elastic collision between two spheres. What is the velocity of sphere 2 after the collision?
4.0 m/s →
Two different objects are attracting each other with a force of 20 units. If the distance separating them decreases by one-half, what would the resulting gravitational attraction be?
80 units
In which scenario is the most power generated within the system?
A 60.0-kg athlete runs a total height of 20.0 m up a stairwell in 25.0 seconds.
Galileo conducted an experiment where he rolled different balls down an inclined plane. Galileo determined that each ball traveled a distance that was directly proportional to the square of the time it traveled. What did Galileo conclude from this experiment?
All objects accelerate toward Earth at the same rate.
The gravity of the Sun is 179 times that of the gravity of the Moon. Which of the following is the main reason that the Moon has a stronger gravitational effect on Earth's oceans and tides than does the Sun?
Distance plays a greater role in gravitational force than mass.
Franklin wants to know how fast he runs different distances. He uses a stopwatch to measure the time it takes him to complete a 50-meter, 100-meter, and 200-meter race. How can he calculate his speed for each race?
Divide the distances by the times.
Two electrically opposite charges are separated by a fixed distance. Which action will provide the greatest increase in the force of attraction between the charges?
Double each charge and halve the distance between the charges.
A book is raised above a table and has a potential energy of 800 joules (J). The potential energy in the book is converted to almost 800 J of kinetic energy as it is dropped. What happens to most of the energy from the book when it hits the table?
Most of the energy is converted to sound and heat energy.
In the 1970s, two twin spacecraft, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, were launched to study and explore the outer planets. Both of these spacecraft completed their missions in the 1980s, and continue to cruise their way out of the solar system. Which law of physics explains how these spacecraft continue their constant speed journey?
Newton's First Law
During a magic show, a magician quickly pulls a tablecloth off of a table set with dishes without disturbing the dishes. What law explains why the dishes did not move when the tablecloth was pulled out from under them?
Newton's First Law of Motion
When a person parachutes from a plane, she travels at about 67 meters per second. When she pulls her cord and her chute opens, she slows to about 3 meters per second. When her parachute opens, which is happening?
She has a negative change in acceleration.
Frank shined a beam of light at the surface of a mirror. A piece of paper above the mirror was lit up. What caused the light to shine on the paper above the mirror?
The light was reflected.
Amanda weighs about 600 N on Earth, but would only weigh about 100 N on the Moon. Which best explains why Amanda would weigh less on the Moon than on Earth?
The mass of the Moon is less than that of Earth, therefore it has a weaker gravitational force.
A ball is dropped from a window, and bounces three times. The first bounce is 1 meter high. The second bounce is ½ meter high. The third bounce is 7 centimeters high. The ball then rolls and comes to a stop. What has happened to the energy of the ball when it has come to a stop?
The potential energy in the ball decreased.
A scientist weighed an object at two different locations. The first location was Death Valley at about 86 meters below sea level. The second location was Mt. McKinley at about 6194 meters above sea level. Which observation would the scientist most likely make about the weight of the object in the two locations?
The weight of the object would be greater in Death Valley because it is closer to the center of Earth.
The gravitational pull between the Moon and Earth affects conditions here on Earth even though the Moon has about 1/80 the mass and about 1/4 the diameter of Earth. If the Moon was about the same size and mass of Earth, which would most likely occur?
There would be bigger tides on Earth.
How are light and sound similar?
They are both waves.
Which of the following would increase the electrical attraction between these two metal spheres?
adding electrons to Sphere 2
A dielectric is placed between the plates of a capacitor in a circuit to increase its charge holding capacity known as its capacitance. This is achieved when a polarization occurs in the dielectric material. Which of the following materials would not be a good dielectric?
aluminum
For the wave shown, the vertical distance, K, is the
amplitude.
Many roller coasters function by mechanically transporting the cars up a large incline. The cars then roll down and up a series of hills, turns, and spirals until the cars come to rest at the passenger loading station. At which point will the roller coaster have the greatest amount of gravitational potential energy?
at the top of the highest point
A car is moving at a constant speed of 16 kilometers per hour (km/h) while traveling in a circle. Why is the velocity of the car changing?
because the direction of the car is changing
The graph shown below represents straight-line motion for a toy car. During which interval of time was the car moving the fastest?
between 6 and 8 seconds
The diagram shows an uniform electric field. Which direction will an electron move if placed at Point A?
electric current
If a wool sock is dragged across a rug, there is a buildup of static electricity on the wool sock. Which type of particle is transferred between the rug and the sock to cause this static?
electrons
On a cold, dry winter day, Brandi moves across a carpet. When she touches the door knob, she receives a shock. Which particles transfer between Brandi's body and the door knob causing the shock?
electrons
Two objects are at rest and are 1.0 meter apart. To reduce the gravitational pull between the two objects, they should be _________________________
moved 1.5 meters apart.
Which expression could be used to calculate the force acting on a ball, where m = ball mass, v = ball velocity, and t = time?
m∆v/∆t
Which of the following best describes the motion of a car that is speeding up while being driven in reverse?
negative velocity and negative acceleration
A person riding in a moving Ferris wheel is constantly changing
net force.
A material with a very high electrical resistivity is most likely a
nonmetallic electrical insulator.
Anabel sits in front of a mirror.She is able to see herself in the mirror because light is
reflected by the mirror.
After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?
static electricity
Jim produced several sound waves while playing his guitar. Which diagram shows the sound wave that Jim produced with the longest wavelength?
the amount of electrons present
Mercedes learns that the mass of Earth is approximately 6.1 x 10²⁴ kg. She knows that her own mass is about 70 kg. What else would Mercedes need to know to calculate the force of gravity on her body?
the distance to the center of Earth
What distinguishes a conductor from an insulator?
the ease of flow of electrons
A squirrel dropped an acorn from a branch of an oak tree. Which of these will change as the acorn falls from the tree to the ground?
the force on the acorn
Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur?
the reflection of the sound waves
A student rides a train from one city to another.Identify two things that the student can use to describe the motion of the train.
velocity, distance, acceleration, work, power, energy, and time
A mass in uniform circular motion accelerates continuously toward the center of motion according to the equation αc=v²÷r , where ac is the centripetal acceleration, v is the speed of the mass, and r is the radius of circular motion. How fast does a toy car need to be moving around a circular track with a radius of 0.5 m for the centripetal acceleration of the car to be 4 m/s²?
√2 m/s
