Physiology Unit Four: Cardiovascular System
Veins are known as
capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs because at rest most of our blood is in our veins.
Notes from BB on sectrets of vasculature: Arteries conduct blood away?
from the heart toward the organs.
Plasma contains
glucose, Na and Ca ions, proteins like antibodies and fibrinogen ....
Erythrocytes are about 1/3 by volume what?
hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen reversibly in the blood, enhancing its delivery to the organs.
Blood vessels shown in red are high
in oxygen, blue are low in oxygen.
Slide Two: The heart is located where?
located between the lungs in a location called mediastinum/ posterior to sternum.. of the thoracic cavity
Veins transport blood from the
organs back to the heart.
.Arteries are known as
pressure reservoirs because they store energy during ventricle contraction that they release between contractions. The result is that the pulsatile flow of blood out of the heart becomes a continuous flow through the organs.
Slightly less than half the blood by volume is cellular; the rest is called plasma which is the what?
-- the extracellular fluid of the blood.
Eosonphils:
1. 2-4% of WBC'S 2. red granules 3. promote inflammation 4. eosinophillia with allergies (asthma) and hemilminths parasites (tapeworms and trinchillia spiralis)
Monocyte:
1. 2-8% of WBC'S 2. laregst WBC 3. kidney shaped nucleus 4. weak phagocyte 5. monocyte -----> macrophage
Lymphocytes:
1. 20-30% 2. smallest of WBC'S 3. nucleus dominates cell 4. B lymphocytes----> antibodies 5. T lymphocytes---> cytokines 6. acquired specific immunity
Netrophils:
1. 40-70% of WBC'S 2. PHAGOCYTIC
Erthocytes:
1. 99% blood cells 2. contain hemoglobin 3. transport O2
Basophils:
1. < 1% of abc's 2. blue granules 3. releases heparin to limit blood clots 4. releases histamine to promote inflammation
Phagocystois:
1. another defense mechanism
3/28 Notes: Slide One: Cardiovascular system:
1. blood 2. blod vessels 3. heart
B lymphocytes:
1. bone marrow-----> bursa of fabrscisus 2. b cells---> palm cells---> antibodies 3. humoral immunity
Active acquired specific immunity:
1. from illness or vaccine 2. protection slowly diminishes
Passive acquired specific immunity:
1. immediate protection from a donor 2. protection rapidly diminishes 3. transfer from mother to infant 4. antoxins, antivenoms
Innate, non specific defense mechanisms:
1. integumentary system 2. mucous membranes 3. coughing, sneezing 4. digestive and tear enzymes 5. blood clotting 6. phagocytosis 7. fever (pyrexia) 8. inflammation
White blood cells:
1. james wright 1902 2. acidic eosin red 3. basic blue methylene
Function of platelets:
1. monitor health of blood vessels 2. atattch to exposed collagen and degranulate (serotonin, eicosanoids): -platlet plug -vasoconstiction -fibrin attatchment to paltlet plug -leucocyte invasion
Transport functions:
1. nutrients 2. waste products 3. hormones 4. heat
Acquired specific immunity (lymphocyte immunity):
1. prenatal inventory inactivates self destructive lymphocytes 2. requires echoers to develop significant defense 3. defense against one microbe does not protect against others 4. passive versus active immunity
Cardiovascular means:
1. pump heart 2. network of tubes... vasculature 3. fluid medium (blood)
Acquired specific immunity (lymphocyte immunity)
1. requires exposure to develop a significant defense 2. defense against one microbe does not protect against others
Inflammation response:
1. swelling edema 2. redness (erythema) 3. warmth 4. pain (algia) 5. disability
Hemostasis:
1. vascular spasm (vessel constrictions) 2. platelet plug (to exposed collagen) 3. fibrin net (attached to platelet plug)
T lymphocytes:
2. Boen marrow---> thymus 2. t lymphys---> cytokines (lyphokines) 3. cellular immunity 4. cytoxic t cell, helper t cells, suppressor t cells, regulator t cells.. 5. especially viral infections and tumors
Vein walls are
thinner, more distensible and less elastic than artery walls
In the pulmonary circuit the arteies will be
will be blue, the veins red.
In the systemic circuit the arteries
will be red, the veins blue.