PLTW Biomedical Science Chapter 1-1: Review

After death, a body will lose heat at a rate of approximately ______ degrees per hour until it reaches the temperature of the surrounding environment.

1.5

By ______ AM on ______________ (date), the police had searched and secured the scene.

10:20, August 14th

Anna's largest blood drop was dropped from ____ cm. The height of the desk was ____ cm. What does this show?

73.5, 73.5, Anna fell from the desk

Approximately at what time did Anna die?

7:00 AM

The bloodstains found next to Anna's body resulted from an impact angle of _____ degrees.

90

It was a hot, _____ degrees F summer morning. The emergency call came in at _______ AM.

92, 9:45

The police and EMT both arrived at the crime scene at ________ AM. Where was Anna? It was _____ degrees F inside the house.

9:56, lying face down in the entry hallway, 73

Group AB has which antigens on red cells? Which in plasma?

A and B on red cells, neither in plasma

Group A blood as the ____ antigen on red cells, and the ____ antibody in the plasma.

A, B

List the 4 blood types.

A, B, AB, O

If I have type O blood, my body will attack ___ and ___ type blood . Why?

A, B, both A and B antibody are in the plasma.

Forensics use the ____________ to link blood types to potential suspects at the crime scene.

ABO System

_________ was Anna's former husband.

Alex Garcia

___________ is experiencing financial difficulties, and the beneficiary on Anna's life insurance.

Alex Garcia

_________ and __________ were recently seen having an argument at a local diner.

Alex Garcia, Erica Piedmont

_______________ remarried to a younger woman after divorcing Anna. Her name is __________.

Alex Garcia, Erica Piedmont

_____________ and ___________ are the characters expecting a baby.

Alex Greene, Erica Piedmont

____________ is the internal temperature cooling of a body after death.

Algor mortis

The hair at the crime scene belongs to ___________.

Anna Garcia

The shoeprint found at the crime scene belongs to ____________.

Anna Garcia

_______________ left work early the day before Anna died.

Anna Garcia

Whose blood was at the crime scene? What type was it?

Anna Garcia or Alex Garcia, Type B

____________ and ___________ were very recently involved romantically; ___________ abruptly ended the relationship a week before Anna died.

Anna Garcia, Doug Greene, Anna Garcia

________________ and ___________ are having a disagreement over introducing sugar-free products in the bakery, and __________ wants to kick ___________ out.

Anna Garcia, Lucy Leffingwell, Lucy Leffingwell, Anna Garcia

____________ are proteins located on the surface of red blood cells and in ________, the liquid part of blood.

Antigens, plasma

Which pattern is this?

Arch pattern

Group B blood has the ___ antigen on red cells, and the ___ antibody in the plasma.

B, A

__________ is the application of principles of the ________ sciences, especially biology and physiology, to ______________ _________.

Biomedical science, natural, clinical medicine

_____________________ examine blood left behind at crime scenes in whatever quantities, using several techniques.

Blood Spatter Analysts

Forensic Science is the application of science to questions of _________ and ______________ law.

Civil, criminal

____________ tests are specific tests that can determine the exact identity of the substance.

Confirmatory

The ______________ is the group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied.

Control Group

Crime Scene investigators may also testify in ________.

Court

A Crime Scene Investigator usually has a bachelor's in __________ or __________.

Criminal justice, forensic science

List the 6 steps of the SCIENTIFIC DESIGN process.

Define Problem, Investigate/Research and Generate Ideas, Develop a Solution, Construct and Test Prototype, Evaluate Solution, Present Solution

The _____________ serves as the measurable response in which the research is interested.

Dependent Variable

____________ is Anna's neighbor and friend who called the police.

Doug Greene

An EMT must pass the _______ exams, and may have _____________ training with more advanced topics. They can become licensed paramedics with the ________ exam.

EMT-basic, EMT-intermediate, NREMT

EMT stands for __________.

Emergency Medical Technician

The 911 Operator must perform _______________ and____________ services.

Emergency medical dispatch, crisis intervention

________________ was sitting in a car in front of Anna's house a day before Anna's death.

Erica Piedmont

_____________ is the study of bugs and when they arrive after death

Etomology

A ______________ is a research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.

Experiment

The __________ equation is one formula used to approximate the postmortem interval.

Glaister Equation

List 5 types of PPE.

Gloves, Gowns, Masks, Respirators, Googles, Face shields

The ________ is a clear prediction of the experiment's anticipated results.

Hypothesis

List the 7 steps of the EXPERIMENTAL design process.

Identify the problem or question, predict a solution, design the experiment, carry out the experiment, analyze the data, state the conclusion, summary paragraph

The __________ is the variable manipulated by the researcher.

Independent Variable

List the five steps of crime scene processing.

Interview, Examine, Photograph, Sketch, Collect Evidence

___________ is also known as blood pooling.

Lividity

Which pattern is this?

Loop pattern

_____________ is Anna's best friend; they co-own a bakery.

Lucy Leffingwell

Do identical twins have the same fingerprints?

NO

The ______________ is the control group where conditions produce a negative outcome.

Negative control

Does Anna have any family?

No

If I have Type AB blood, my body will attack ___ cells.

No

Is the blood type a definitive identification test? Why or why not?

No, many people have the same blood type

In human hairs, do the cuticle scales have a pattern? What about in many animals?

No, yes

The 911 Operator will identify the appropriate ________ and ______ of equipment to dispatch.

Number, type

What does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

What does PPE stand for?

Personal Protective Equipment

________________ is specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials.

Personal Protective Equipment

The ___________ is the location of the blood source.

Point of origin

The _____________ is the group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.

Positive Control

_________ tests indicate which type of substance is present but cannot specifically identify the substance.

Presumptive

_________ is the tightening of muscles after death

Rigor mortis

__________ requires a logical progression of steps that clearly define and focus the work being done.

Scientific Research

Why was Anna Garcia in the hospital recently?

She was not taking her prescribed antibiotics, she had back pain radiating to her sides

Anna was last seen alive when and by whom?

The night before her death, Alex Garcia

When did Alex Garcia see Anna last?

The night before she died, when he went to her home for a paperwork discussion

Anna Garcia was last seen by her neighbor when? What was she wearing?

The previous morning walking her dog at around 6:30 AM, a sweater

List the 3 factors influencing PPE selection.

Type of exposure, fit, appropriateness for task

Shoe prints can help match to a potential suspect because almost all footwear bear _________ with distinctive patterns.

Undersoles

What key principle do forensic scientists use to help identify potential suspects?

We all have unique biological differences

List the 3 categories in which individuality can be seen with a shoe.

Weight, walk, size

Which pattern is this?

Whorl pattern

Blood types can be found by adding _____________ to the blood and seeing if it clumps. In which case will blood clump?

antibodies, due to the antibody binding to the antigen

The _____________ type in the plasma of blood shows the type of blood that that person's body will ATTACK. So, if I have Type A with a B antibody in the plasma, my body will attack ____ cells.

antibody, B

When experts compare two fingerprints, they look at the ________, ________, _______, and _________ in the patterns. They also look at very tiny characteristics called _______.

arrangement, shape, size, number of lines, minutiae

The unknown substance was _______, chemical name ______________.

aspirin, acetylsalicylic Acid

The key to remove gloves is to create a ________ in which one glove is inside of the other, and you are holding the (inside/outside) of the glove.

bag, inside

Bloodstain analysis is a form of forensic science known as _____________.

blood spatter analysis

List the 5 factors affecting algor mortis.

clothing, original internal temperature, ambient temperature, environment, body size

A ________ is a diagram that visually represents the connections between ideas.

concept map

The intermediate layer of hair is called the _________.

cortex

The nature of the outer ________ ________ may be smooth, loped, ragged, or damaged (in hair).

cuticle margin

The ___________ is the outermost layer of the hair, with flattened, _______-like cells overlapping.

cuticle, scale

The zone method is used on crime scenes with ________________, like _____________ or __________.

definable zones, houses, buildings

The _________ of the medulla is a useful characteristic in the hair identification and comparison process.

diameter

EMT's are the _____________ in the event of medical emergencies.

first responders

Evidence at a crime scene help _______________ determine what might have occurred and suspects.

forensic investigators

The scene appears to be limited to a ______________, a ____ ft by ____ ft space.

front entry hallway, 10, 15

The link method is not a ________ or easily _________. There (is/is not) a pattern in the searching. Which types of crime scenes does it work with? Seeks to find ________ between evidence.

geometric pattern, definable, is not, all types, associations

The cortex contains pigment-containing ____________ responsible for hair color, and many of the characteristics in microscopic analysis of hair.

granules

The size of a bloodstain can used to find the _______ from which a drop falls.

height

The main job of PPE is to protect against ________.

infectious materials

The 911 Operator asks questions to ______, ________, and ______ the caller's situation.

interpret, analyze, anticipate

Hair is composed of a protein called ________. It has three layers- the _____, the _____, and the _____.

keratin, cuticle, cortex, medulla

The grid method is used on _______, __________ crime scenes. Searchers follow the same way as the ________ method, then what do they do?

large, outdoor, line, realign on the other line pattern

A Crime Scene Investigator works with ____________ to _____________ and prevent the _________________ of evidence.

law enforcement, secure the scene, contamination

EMT's provide basic ______________ on-site, to help ____________ the patient's condition.

medical aid, stabilize

The innermost layer of hair is called the _________. It can be continuous, discontinuous, fragmented, or even ________.

medulla, absent

Blood Spatter Analysts need bachelor's in ____________ or _______________.

natural science, forensic science

A Crime Scene investigator must possess extensive knowledge in ___________, ___________, and _________________. They may need state licenses or certifications.

natural sciences, law enforcement, crime scene processing

The spiral method is used on crime scenes with _________________, such as with ___________. It either begins at the _________ of the crime scene, an (inward/outward) spiral, or the ________________ of the crime scene, (inward/outward) spiral.

no physical barriers, open water, critical point, outward, outer-edge, inward

The __________, _________, _________, and __________ of pigment granules vary between individuals.

organization, density, size, distribution

Negative Control groups help identify ______________ which may be unaccounted for.

outside influences

EMT's prepare a ________________ __________ report, and keep the ________ sterilized and stocked.

patient care, ambulance

A Crime Scene Investigator helps to collect, preserve, package, and identify the _____________.

physical evidence

Hair can help provide information about owner's _____, ______, and possibly _______.

race, sex, age

The wheel method, or the ______ method, is used on _________, _________ crime scenes. They start from a _____________ and travel (inward/outward) along many _____________.

ray, small, circular, critical point, outward, straight lines

The body core temperature can be measured ________ or with a _______________ of the ______ or _______.

rectally, hypodermic probe, liver, brain

EMT's help to _________ and ________ patients to hospitals best equipped to treat them.

stabilize, transport

The control group serves as a ________ ____ _________ against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.

standard for comparison

The line method, or _______ method, is used on ______, _________ crime scenes. Which way do members search?

strip, large, outdoor, along straight lines

Bloodstain patterns left at a crime scene help investigators establish....

the events that took place during the crime

Some microscopic characteristics associated with the cuticle include its ________, _________, and the ________.

thickness, pigment, color

The fingerprint found at the crime scene was a ____________, just like the fingerprints of ________ and ________. It looks the most like the fingerprint of _______.

ulnar loop, Alex Garcia, Lucy Leffingwell, Alex Garcia

Which pattern is this?

whorl pattern

If a blood type clumps in the presence of certain antigens , that means the body (will/will not) attack blood with those antigens.

will not