Plumbing Book Module 5
In a set of construction drawings, plot plans are labeled
A in the title block
In a set of construction drawings, floor plans may also be labeled
A in the title block.
The instrument used to draw and measure scaled drawings is an
Architect's scale
The type of measuring device used to draw and measure scaled drawings is an _____________________________.
Architect's scale
_______________________ are marks or drawings that represent specific objects or materials.
Symbols
_________________________ are detailed lists of all the material and equipment necessary to construct a project.
Takeoffs
Dimension lines
You can create these lines with arrows or slashes at a termination line drawn perpendicular to the dimension line.
Riser diagrams typically include
a domestic water diagram and a DWV diagram. They can show plumbing systems on one or more floors.
An isometric drawing is
a pictorial drawing in which all vertical lines are shown vertically but all horizontal lines are projected at a 30-degree angle and appear to go back into the horizon.
Coordination drawings
are dimensioned drawings with elevations and sections, if needed, that indicate proposed routing of system components.
Note that, generally, drain lines
are represented by solid lines and vent lines are represented by broken lines. If you combine the pipe symbols with the fitting symbols, you can illustrate almost any piping system.
The title block usually appears in the lower right-hand corner of the drawing,
but the location can vary depending on the company's placement system
You can estimate the length of each run of pipe
by looking at the measurements on the floor plans, but you will not know the exact length of pipe until you are actually installing it.
The term blueprint is used interchangeably with ____________________________. It originally referred to drawings that appears as while line drawings on a solid blue background.
construction drawing
A half-circle indicates that the pipe
continues downward from the end of the horizontal line.
A ______________________________ is a dimensioned drawing with elevations and sections that indicate a proposed routing of system components.
coordination drawing
A section drawing that shows the details of how a product is constructed is called a ___________________________.
cutaway drawing
Drawings of products that provide enough detail to show how the product is constructed are called
cutaway drawings
The engineer's scale is divided into
decimal graduations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 divisions to the inch).
Pictorial drawings show
depth
Sections of the main drawing that are enlarged to show important structural elements more clearly are called ____________________.
details
Plumbers use submittal data, also called catalog drawings, to
determine such factors as overall dimensions, actual inside dimensions, fitting depth, and laying length of the fittings.
The metric scale is
divided into centimeters, with each centimeter dividided into 10 millimeters or 20 half-millimeters.
Isometric drawings
drawings that create the illusion of a three-dimensional object
Details are
enlarged drawings, usually presented as part of the main drawing, of important structural elements or special features of the building, such as cabinets or staircases.
Setback requirements
establish the minimum distance that must be maintained between the property line and the structure.
Limited space may require you to use _____________________ to indicate the limits of a dimension on a drawing away from the actual points of the dimension.
extension lines
To establish the limits of a measurement on a drawing, use
extension lines
You can use elevation drawings to
find information about where exterior hose bibs go, and where storm drainage should be terminated.
To determine whether a certain fixture will fit in the available space, plumbers often use
fixture drawings
The ___________________ shows an aerial view of the layout of rooms on each level of a building and the shape and size of each room.
floor plan
The layout of rooms in a building is shown on the
floor plan
The engineer's scale is used
for plotting and map drawing and in the graphic solution of problems such as survey and site plans.
The __________________________ may include information about the drainage, waste, and vent (DWV) piping and the water supply piping that must be installed below the first floor.
foundation plan
To identify where floor drains and DWV pipes may be installed beneath the basement floor, refer to the
foundation plan
Although you can present as many as six different views,
generally you will not need more than three to show the object completely in orthographic drawings.
Compared to the requirements specified in applicable codes, it is acceptable for the plans and specifications for a particular building to call for an installation that is of
higher quality
Electrical symbols
illustrate how a specific part fo the system works.
Exploded drawings, also called assembly drawings,
illustrate how to assemble complex objects. They show the relationship of the individual parts to the whole object. This type of drawing may also show the illustrated parts breakdown (IPB). Note how the parts are shown so that you can easily visualize how to assemble the pop-up.
Section views
illustrate the internal shape of objects.
The scale of the drawing usually appears
in the title block of the drawing
Notes and specificiations
include information about the quality of the work, the materials to be used, and the method of installation.
Scale and dimension
indicate actual sizes and distances
A full circle drawn at the end of an angled line
indicates that the line continues up from that end of the horizontal line.
The architect's scale is used
on all plans other than site plans.
An ______________________ is created by viewing an object from one or more of six possible directions and recording how the object looks in each of the views.
orthographic drawing
If an object is depicted from one or more of six possible angles, the illustration is an
orthographic drawing
The location of the sewer and water mains and the location of the building on the property is shown on the
plot plan
If a set of drawings does not include specifications,
plumbers follow applicable codes
Most cities, counties, and states have adopted model codes
that are based on suggested national standards.
Procedures are usually included in
the architectural specifications, also called the request for information or RFI.
Electrical drawings are sometimes superimposed on
the floor plan
________________________ allow you to determine whether a certain fixture will fit in the available space.
Fixture drawings
You will find the location of the furnace and air conditioning equipment, as well as the location of ducts and registers or piping and radiators, in
HVAC drawings
Depending on the size of the project,
HVAC ducts and piping may be shown in separate drawings.
To ensure that there are no conflicts with furnace and air conditioning equipment, refer to the
HVAC/mechanical drawing
In a set of construction drawings, external elevation drawings are often labeled
S in the title block.
In a set of construction drawings, foundation plans may be labeled
S in the title block.
_____________________________ indicate the size relationship between an object in a drawing and the completed object itself.
Scales
HVAC drawings include
--an electirical diagram that shows the electrical circuitry for the HVAC system --both mechanical and control drawings
Drawings of plumbing fixtures that are found in manufacturers' catalogs are called either __________________ or ___________________.
--catalog drawings --submittal data
Plumbing drawings:
--like electrical and HVAC drawings, are superimposed on floor plans --show the piping system, with the location of fixtures and pipe runs and the size and type of pipe to be installed --show the diameter of each run of pipe and the fittings required to make the installation.
A __________________, also called ____________________, provides information about where you may not build on certain parts of the property.
--plot plan --site plan
A complete set of construction drawings typically includes:
--plot plan --foundation plan --floor plans --elevation drawings --details --electrical drawings --HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) drawings
In _______________, also called ______________________, the line represents the center line of the pipe, so these drawings can be used to represent pipe of any diameter.
--schematic drawings --single-line drawings
Pictorial drawings
--show three-dimensional view of an object. --present a picture of the object that is very similar to the actual object (like a photograph)
Only the numbers from
0 to 46 are used on the 1/4 scale
Two types of pictorial drawings used by plumbers:
1. isometric drawings 2. oblique drawings (showing an object's shape)
Typical scales for plumbing drawings are
1/8=1' 1/4=1'
____________________ aids productivity by automating the repetitive work of drafting.
CAD
_________________________ are lines with arrows or slashes at a termination line used to indicate the dimension of a distance on a drawing.
Dimension lines
In a set of construction drawings, electrical drawings are often labeled
E in the title block
__________________________ specify places on the property where utilities can be installed
Easements
__________________________ show the location of outlets, switches, and electrical fixtures in a structure.
Electrical drawings
____________________________ show the vertical elements of a building, such as the height and width of interior or exterior walls.
Elevation drawings
_____________________________ illustrate how to assemble complex objects and show the relationship of the individual parts to the whole object.
Exploded drawings
Internal elevations are often labeled
I
In a set of construction drawings, HVAC drawings are often labeled
M in the title block.
_________________________ are complex isometric drawings that show vertical and horizontal piping along with sizes and a riser number that refers back to the full set of plumbing drawings.
Riser diagrams
___________________________-present a three-dimensional picture of an object that is very similar to the actual object.
Pictorial drawings
____________________________ show the piping system with the location of fixtures and pipe runs and the size and type of pipe to be installed.
Plumbing drawings
Notice that the number 0 appears at one end of the 1-foot representation on every scale.
This is where you start measuring.
True/False: A foundation plan may also indicate the positions of the floor drains and other piping that must be installed beneath the basement floor.
True
True/False: Because of space constraints on the drawing, you may need to use extension lines to indicate the limits of the dimension aways from the actual points of the dimension.
True
True/False: Codes may set a minimum width for side yards to provide access to rear yards, to reduce the possibility of a fire jumping from one building to another, or to promote ventilation.
True
True/False: Each scale is set up the same way. First, you see the designation of the scale itself, such as 1/4 or 3/32. The designation is followed by a series of lines, called graduations. These graduations represent exactly 1 foot as it is drawn with that particular scale.
True
True/False: Like electrical drawings, HVAC drawings are also superimposed on floor plans.
True
True/False: Plumbing drawings may not be included beyond the location of the fixtures on the floor plan. When this happens, it is the plumbers responsibility to design the piping system to that it meets all applicable requirements. You need much more knowledge about plumbing codes and sizing of pipe before you can undertake this responsibility.
True
True/False: Some dimensions are shown from end to end. Others are shown from center lines.
True
True/False: The Foundation plan may also show the drainage, waste, and vent (DWV) piping and the water supply piping that must be installed below the first floor.
True
True/False: The architect's scale is a ruler that is either flat or triangular in shape. If it is flat, it contains four different scales; if it is triangular, it may contain 10, 11, or 12 scales depending on the manufacturer. The triangular form is commonly used because it contains a variety of scales on a single tool.
True
True/False: While standards are guidelines to improve performance or reliability, codes and ordinances are mandatory, and must be followed.
True
True/False: You must remeasure all fixtures before installing them to ensure proper fit.
True
True/False: Not all drawings contain a separate set of specs.
True In that case, you should follow the applicable plumbing codes for the type and quality of materials and installation practices that muse be used.
An oblique drawing is
a type of pictorial drawing that creates the illusion of depth by using lines that are at 45 or 60 degrees to the horizontal.
The plot plan
also indicates where you may not build on certain parts of the property.
Each state, county, city, or other political entity establishes
an Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) that is authorized to enforce the plumbing codes adopted by that community.
The engineer's scale is used when
an area is too large to be represented by the usual scale.
After the architect or engineer approve the fixture or fitting in a catalog drawing, it becomes ______________________.
approved submittal data
When the architect or engineer approves the fixture or fitting in a catalog drawing, it becomes
approved submittal data (one of the most important things you have)
The term scaleis also used to describe the three measuring tools that are used to draw or measure the lines of a construction drawing:
architect's scale (which uses small units to represent 1 foot) engineer's scale metric scale
Takeoffs
are detailed lists of all the material and equipment necessary to construct a project. Plumbers use them as checklists when ordering the items required for the job.
A representation of an object that gives the impression of three dimensions resembling the physical object is called
isometric
In _______________________, all vertical lines are shown vertically but all horizontal lines are projected at a 30-degree angle and appear to go back onto the horizon.
isometric drawings
When looking at plumbing drawings, understand that
it is standard practice to install the cold water supply at the right of each fixture.
You will use floor plan drawings to
locate the position of water supply and waste piping.
Specs
may also indicate that you must follow certain practices in testing the plumbing system.
Notes
may correspond to numbers on the drawing. They provide more detail about the materials you need and special installation requirements.
Pictorial drawings that create the illusion of depth by using lines that are drawn at 45 or 60 degrees to the horizontal are _____________________.
oblique drawings
Having the cold water controlled by the right-handed faucet and the hot controlled by the left-hand faucet
prevents burns, because people are familiar with this setup
For many products, a cutaway drawing
provides enough detail to show how the product is constructed.
When converting floor plan drawings to isometrics,
remember that any horizontal lines from the floor plan convert to 30-degree angled lines on an isometric drawing.
Symbols for pipe and fittings
represent specific objects and materials
Remember, you read the 1/4 scale from
right to left
Vertical and horizontal piping along with sizes and a riser number that refers back to the full set of plumbing drawings are shown on
riser diagrams
The act of showing the actual building, room, or object reduced in proportion from full size to a smaller size is called
scaling the drawing
Most plumbing drawings are
schematic drawings, also called single-line drawings.
A drawing with dark reddish lines is called a _____________________.
sepia
SV and XH in the table stand for
service weight and extra-heavy pipes, respectively.
The purpose of codes is to
set the minimum standards that protect the health and safety of the people who use the system
The __________________________- is the minimum distance that must be maintained between a structure and the structure's property line, such as a street.
setback
Elevation drawings and approved submittal data (list of approved fixtures and fittings)
should relate to the dimension sheets and match up to the architectural elevations and details.
Orthographic drawings
show objects as if you were looking at them head-on from certain angles.
HVAC drawings, also called mechanical drawings,
show the location of the furnace and air conditioning equipment, as well as the location of ducts and registers or piping and radiators.
Think of the floor plans as
showing a view of a building from above if the roof were removed.
The centerline
shows the measured center of an objects such as a pipe or plumbing fixture.
The reasons that codes may set a minimum width for _____________________ include providing access to rear yards and reducing the possibility of a fire jumping from one building to another.
side yards
The requirements that provide detailed information about the quality of workmanship required on a project, as well as the specific materials and method of installation you must use, are called ___________________.
specification/specs
To check for certain practices that must be used in installing and testing a plumbing system, a plumber refers to the
specifications
Easements
specify places on the property where utilities can be installed
Based as nearly as possible on contract drawings,
the intent of a coordination drawing is to identify and resolve conflicts that may occur with building elements and other trade contractors. This drawing should also include the actual equipment that will be provided as well as clearances required by that equipment.
In a single-line drawing,
the line represents the centerline of the pipe, so these drawings can be used to represent pipe of any diameter.
The plot plan, also known as a site plan, shows
the location of the building on the property and shows where utilities, such as the water, storm sewer, sanitary sewer, and gas mains, are installed.
Elevations drawings show
the vertical elements of a building.
Plumbers often use fixture drawings, also called cut sheets,
to determine whether a certain fixture will fit in the available space.
The piping system typically needs
to fit within or near the walls
Architects may redraw HVAC drawings to scale
to illustrate components using their true shapes.
To communicate information about the exact size and shape of an objects, designers often
use orthographic drawings, which show dimensions that are proportional to the actual dimensions of the object.
Dimensions on isometric drawings are
usually not to scale. Distortion is permitted on these drawings so that they can illustrate three dimensions, and this distortion makes scaling difficult.
Plot plans usually show
utility easements
An orthographic drawing is created by
viewing the object from one or more of six possible directions and recording how the object looks in each of the views.
If you can read drawings, you can direct others,
which enables you to earn more money
Each drawing contains a title block,
which includes information such as the title of the project, the date of the drawing, the logo of the company that created the drawing, the name or initials of the person who drafted the drawing, and the owners and address of the property
The others numbers are for the 1/8 scale,
which is read from left to right
The person on the project who has been designated responsible for overseeing the project
will have a set of specifications.
Some scales are made
with metric divisions on one edge and inch divisions on the opposite edge. Many companies express measurements in both metric and English units.
To draw and measure scaled drawings,
you use an architect's scale