POLI 1090 Final
Which of he following is considered a classic example of an iron triangle?
Agriculture, water, and public works
The patterns of public opinion with regard to torture illustrate that
Americans hold clear and well-defined opinions supporting torture if it would protect the country from a terrorist attack
John marshal maintained that he national government's legitimacy was both independent of and superior to that of the individual states for which of the following reasons?
Because the national government had been approved directly.....
Why does the competition between competing groups lead to policy gridlock
Since there are many groups capable of vigorously defending themselves, it is impossible to initiate any change that imposes concentrated costs to achieve general benefits
What was one of the major economic problems caused by the Articles of Confederation that brought the delegates together in Philadelphia?
State raids on property rights
Why was free riding a major concern for the early parties?
Supporters were able to enjoy the party's victory whether or not they voted
According to one estimate, the number of lobbying organizations more than tripled between the 1960s and the 1990s; a subsequent analysis indicated a further doubling between 2000 and 2005
TRUE
Hidden information refers to agents knowing things that principals do not.
TRUE
The overwhelming public outcry against Taney's reasoning in Dred Scott cases', left the supreme court severely discredited
TRUE
Congressional decision makers need which of the following two related types of information before they can implement policy
Technical information and political information
The ultimate barrier to a more egalitarian campaign finance system is which of the following?
The First Amendment to the Constitution as it is currently interpreted by the Supreme Court is the ultimate barrier to such a system.
Which of the following statements about the development of bureaucracies is accurate?
The Framers did not clearly envision bureaucracies, but the departments, agencies, and bureaus that constitute the executive branch are necessary to turn political choices in policy realities
What does the nomination of federal judges illustrate?
The President nominates and the Senate either accepts or rejects, and this shared responsibility provides politicians in these institutions with their best chance to influence judicial policies.
Which of the following is true about how the interested outsiders recruited by the Administrative Procedures Act monitor the activities of bureaucratic agents?
The agents monitor on Congress's behalf
What was one of the consequences for the supreme court that resulted from the defeat of the confederacy during the civil war?
The court was obligated to devote more attention than ever before to politicians emanating from the lower levels of government
Which of the following are the three layers of organization of the federal judiciary?
The district courts, the circuit courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court
The ultimate barrier to a more egalitarian campaign finance system in which of the following?
The first amendment
What role does the press play in helping citizens monitor their elected leaders
The press ferrets out incompetence and malfeasance when challengers fail to perform due diligence
Which of the following is a problem with a professional civil service?
Career bureaucrats inevitably develop their own personal and institutional interests, and the rules designed to protect them from political retaliation make it difficult to punish them for shirking or incompetence.
Formidable publishing barons such as Hearst and Pulitzer disappeared after which of the following occurrences
Commercial radio took away their monopoly on the news
In its decision in Stuart v. Laird, what grounds did the Supreme Court use to determine whether the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801 was constitutional?
Congress possessed the power to reorganize the judicial branch
How do bureaucracies prosper?
Convincing their congressional principals that they are good and faithful agents and developing an appreciative constituency
During the Federalist years, federal government workers were primarily occupied with which of the following?
Delivering the mail and collecting duties and taxes
How can the amount of federal spending increase dramatically despite the fact that the federal workforce has scarcely grown at all?
Through delegation of administrative duties to state and local government agencies, Congress can add programs, which voters like, without increasing the federal bureaucracy, which voters do not like.
when asked to place themselves on a scale from "very liberal" to "very conservative", about half the people classify themselves as liberal or conservative. Of the rest...
about a quarter position themselves in the middle and another quarter do not place themselves at all
Quality challengers in the United states...
affect collection outcomes because they reinforce and magnify...
Which of the following criteria is not typically employed when the media decide whether or not to include a story in the newspaper or broadcast
Foreign or domestic policy
Regulating railroads and monopolies along with providing services to citizens are examples of what types of cases that the supreme court faces during the second era of judicial review?
Government regulation of the economy
Why was the election of 180 a pivotal event for constitutional developments in the united states?
Had power not been transferred peacefully, it would have put the integrity of the constitution in doubt and future politicians would......
How did Marshall's reasoning in Marbury v. Madison affect the balance of power between the Court and Congress?
He argued that the Constitution was superior to ordinary laws, and therefore, any legislative acts contrary to the Constitution is not law.
Why did the framers have such a pervasive fear of political parties?
Historial experience about the dangers that resulted from fractional strife along with eighteenth century social beliefs
The federalists passed the judiciary act of 1801 which accomplished which of the following?
It sharply raised the number of district and appellate courts and thereby created new judgeships for the outgoing federalist s to fill as well as decreasing the side of the supreme court
When it comes to social and moral issues, which of the following is true?
Most Americans hold clear and well-defined attitudes that are comparable to attitudes on economic issues.
How has the importance of making profits affected the news media
News outlets do everything they can to attract and keep an audience
What are the main conduits, of public opinion in a pluralist political system?
Opinion leaders and interest groups
Which of the following statements about trust and the press is accurate?
People say that the news sources they use as opposed to the news in general are more likely than not to get things done
No matter how well organized, electoral alliances fail
if they cannot get enough people to vote for their candidates
The assorted demographic and institutional influences on voting produce an electorate
in which wealthy, well educated, older white people are underrepresented and poor , uneducated , young and non white people are overrepresented
The Anti-Saloon League, whose successful lobbying led to the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment, was successful in part because
it focused only on electing "drys" and defeating "wets."
How did the austrailian ballot change the nature of political competition?
it was much more difficult for parties to participate in elections because the state printed the names of all the candidates for an office on a single ballot
The opinion of most ordinary citizens regarding abortion can best be described as
less certain about how the issue should be resolved and, uncomfortable with both extremes, unlike the activists on both sides of the issue.
All of the innovations in mass communication technology have
made the news more widely available to consumers
Broadly speaking, campaign finance operates through two parallel systems
money given directly to candidates, which is regulated, and money spent outside of the candidate's campaign, which generally is unregulated.
Presidential campaigns begin shortly after the midterm elections, if not earlier, because
most presidential primaries now take place very early in the election year
What is the term used to describe elaborately organized sets of political attitudes?
political ideologies
The process of acquiring political attitudes is know as...
political socialization
The transformation of newspapers into instruments of mass communication meant that
politicians frequently found themselves bowing to powerful editors and publishers
Whether pursuing resources or autonomy, all bureaucracies have to engage in
politics that involves mobilizing supporters
Mitt Romney won the Republican presidential nomination by
portraying himself as a "severe conservative" and adopting issue positions consistent with his portrayal combined with superior financial resources
What was the main source of high unit costs for delivering the news in colonial times?
printing process
Most scholars who study public opinion believe that expressed opinions
reflect underlying attitudes.
When it comes to the relationship between public opinion and public policy
studies find that the more prominent the issue, the less likely public opinion is to be influential
What are the limits faced by the supreme court in exercising internal control?
subordinates do not defer from there principals
The experiences of Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush illustrate
that the level of approval for presidents typically varies from month to month with economic conditions and international events
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention agreed to meet behind locked doors and to keep their deliberations secret until the convention was over in order to
avoid becoming "beset by a horde of citizens seeking to advance their own interests."
issue networks are which of the following?
ever-changing sets of politicians, lobbyists, experts....
Turnout in midterm elections, generally is 27 percentage points higher
for the most educated as compared with the least educated.
Within a few decades of ratification of the First Amendment, the notion that the free press would guard the citizenry's liberties against the designs of ambitious politicians
had been replaced by the press as dedicated partisan boosters
AS a portion of the population, the federal workforce
has actually been shrinking since the 1950s
Congress uses a variety of methods to keep its bureaucratic agents in line including
hearings and investigations, mandatory reporting, and limitation riders
Politicians pay close attention to group differences in polling data because...
they determine feasible coalition-building strategies
The period between 1883 and 1925 was in many ways the golden age of newspapers, in part because
they essentially held a monopoly over mass communication and were the only outlet for national political news
the proliferation of alternate media gives viewers the opportunity
to opt out of political information all together
When the Supreme Court issues rulings on whether an agency has conformed substantively and procedurally to the law's guidelines, it is an example of what kind of authority?
Engaging in statutory interpretation
Due to overwhelming Democratic majorities in Congress, President Roosevelt was able to expand the Supreme Court and protect his New Deal programs.
FALSE
Not only is there broad popular support for political equality and equality of opportunity, but there is broad support for mandating equal outcomes
FALSE
Public opinion is routinely manipulated by self serving elites.
FALSE
Since the federal government left such a small footprint in the 19th century, party members had little interest influencing federal appointments in their state and districts.
FALSE
Surveys find abundant evidence that opinions differ among income classes and the differences are greater than those found in most other modern industrial nations.
FALSE
The Constitution clearly defines what offices constitute the President's Cabinet and any addition requires a constitutional amendment.
FALSE
The United States replaced its republican government with a democratic one
FALSE
The work to measure and shape public opinion has diminished the ability of individual citizens to act collectively.
FALSE
Uber's lobbying success shows that the best way to achieve policy successes even in a changed technological environment is relying on providing information to lawmakers
FALSE
When the leaders of the new government took the steps that led to the creation of the first political parties, they expected and wanted party competition to become a permanent feature of American politics
FALSE
How does the Constitution solve the dilemma of delegation?
It establishes a system of separated powers that provides distinct checks on the bureaucracy.
Why does the constitution create incentives for party organization?
The provision for enacting laws and electing leaders puts a huge premium on building majority alliances....
What have technological changes done to the "fairness doctrine"
The rapid spread of broadband Internet as an alternative, wide-open source of political expression has made the fairness doctrine moot.
Which of the following is not a way that elections ameliorate the problem of delegation of authority
The requirement that all citizens must vote ensures that the electorate is representative of all interests
The water gate scandal broke and richard nixon was forced to resign largely due to which of the following ?
The senate investigation
The Federalists, one of the first two major parties, faded as a national force when which of the following occurred
Their pro-British leanings put them on the wrong side of the War of 1812
The remarkable variety of arrangements adopted to administer government policies is largely a product of the endless search by Congress and the White House for which of the following?
Ways to maximize the potential political benefits and minimize the potential political costs each time they decide to exercise and delegate their authority
The role of infotainment in the current media environment
can prove highly informative for people who are not that interested in public affairs or current events
During colonial times it was quite common for
commentaries or reporting that first appeared in a weekly paper to be republished in pamphlet form for wider circulation
The "party organization" refers to one part of a connected three part system that is
dedicated to electing the party's candidates
The civil war amendments
did not effectivly extend the vote to african americans
The experiences of uber demonstrate that...
digital social networks can reweigh the calculus of political activism by making....
the sheer size of the new country meant that Americans were going to govern themselves
direct democracy was going to be impossible and the people would have to delegate their authority to a small number of representative agents
Which of the following about spending in house elections is true?
the more challengers spend, the more likely they are to win, but few spend enough to be competitive
Which of the following criticisms of interest groups is most accurate?
the power and resources possessed by lobbyists tend to reflect the power that the groups the represent have in society
