Protists

Unicellular chlorophytes are motile due to which of the following structures?

2 flagella at their anterior end

Eukaryotes are distinguished from prokaryotes by the presence of which of the following?

A cytoskeleton and compartmentalization, which includes a nuclear envelope and organelles

Which of the following is a branch of the supergroup Chromalveolata that is distinguished from other protists by the presence of flattened vesicles stacked in a continuous layer beneath their plasma membrane?

Alveolates

In members of the branch of supergroup Chromalveolata known as the alveolates, a common trait is the presence of flattened vesicles below the plasma membrane called which of the following?

Alveoli

Which of the following are currently recognized supergroups of protists?

Amoebozoa Excavata Archaeplastida Ophisthokonta Rhizaria Chromalveolata

Spore-forming parasites of animals that are characterized by a structure at one end of the cell that facilitates the invasion of a host are members of what group?

Apicomplexans

What is a unique carbohydrate produced by diatoms?

Chrysolaminarin

Which of the following are features of at least some ciliates?

Cilia for locomotion Alveoli under the plasma membrane Contractile and food vacuoles A macronucleus and a micronucleus

The protist group that is characterized by rows or spirals of beating hairs is called the _____.

Ciliates

____________ are characterized by having large numbers of tiny beating hairs which are responsible for their locomotion; they all have two different types of nuclei in their cells (macronuclei and micronuclei).

Ciliates

Stramenopile protists with elaborately ornamented double shells made of silica are called which of the following?

Diatoms

What group of protists is characterized by their lack of a cell wall, having instead flexible protein strips that give them extreme flexibility and allow them to change shape while swimming?

Euglenozoans

True or false: Most amoeba are parasites and live in freshwater habitats.

False

Stramenopiles are a branch of chromalveolates that are distinguished from other chromalveolates based on the presence of which of the following?

Fine hairs on their flagella

Which of the following are not found in red algae?

Flagella Centrioles

Flowing projections of cytoplasm that are used by many protists for locomotion are called which of the following?

Flowing projections of cytoplasm that are used by many protists for locomotion are called which of the following?

Heterotrophic marine protists, which make characteristic pore-studded shells (called tests) of organic material encrusted with calcium carbonate, belong to the phylum ______________.

Foraminifera

Charophytes are which type of algae?

Green

Most individuals of Chlamydomonas can be described as which of the following?

Haploid

Which of the following statements about amoeba is correct?

Most amoeba are free-living, but some are parasitic, and they live in the soil as well as freshwater.

What characteristics do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes lack?

Organelles A cytoskeleton A nuclear envelope

Which of the following are important features of eukaryotes that distinguish them from prokaryotes?

Presence of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts Presence of a cytoskeleton Presence of a nucleus

The major monophyletic groups within the supergroup Rhizaria include which of the following?

Radiolaria Foraminifera Cercozoa

These organisms are autotrophic protists that lack flagella. They have numerous accessory photosynthetic pigments such as phycoerythrin and range in size from microscopic to over 2 m in length.

Red algae

Cercozoa, Foraminifera, and Radiolaria are all monophyletic groups within the supergroup _________.

Rhizaria

The presence of fine hairs on their flagella distinguish this branch of supergroup Chromalveolata from other branches.

Stramenopiles

Which of the following are characteristic of Foraminifera?

They are marine. They are heterotrophic. They are a prominent part of the fossil record.

Select features common to members of the supergroup Excavata.

They are unicellular. They move using flagella. They possess a feeding groove.

Which of the following are characteristics of red algae?

They can be as large as 2 meters. They have unique accessory pigments, e.g., phycoerythrin. They have a haplodiplontic life cycle with both haploid and diploid phases.

Which of the following features are found in at least some brown algae?

They can be very large. They have a haplodiplontic life cycle. They are multicellular.

Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates are true?

They have alveoli. Their chloroplasts are similar to those of diatoms or brown algae. They are protected by plates composed of a cellulose-like material.

Which of the following describes the similarity between Diplomonads and parabasalids the best?

They have modified mitochondria and multiple flagella.

Most dinoflagellates can be described as which of the following?

Unicellular and photosynthetic

Brown algae exhibit _________of generations. In these species both the sporophyte and gametophyte are _________.

alternations, multicellular

________ is the green algal clade most closely related to land plants.

charyphytes

Pseudopods are flowing projections of ___________, that are used by many protists for locomotion.

cytoplasm

Members of the phylum Foraminifera are

heterotrophic marine organisms

Protists in the Foraminifera are:

marine heterotrophic

Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in many ways; for example, eukaryotes possess compartmentalization in the form of __________ such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

organelles

Euglenozoans exhibit extreme flexibility; they change shape while swimming thanks to strips of __________ encircling their cells rather than a cell wall.

protein

The protists are divided into how many supergroups?

six supergroups

Apicomplexans are______ -forming parasites of ________.

spore, animals