PSB Module 15

28. In boxers, the devastating effects of repeated blows to the head are evident in the development of a progressive cognitive impairment called

chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

48. The official term for "punch-drunk" is

dementia pugilistica.

45. An exciting, but controversial future treatment for brain injury may be the use of _______ to replace the damaged neurons in the brain and spinal cord

embryonic stem cells

2. Childhood hemispherectomy is often followed by

extensive functional recovery.

1. Hemispheric specialization is also known as

lateralization.

54. The sounds that makeup a language are called ____ and the system of rules for producing sentences is called_________

phonemes;grammar

15. Birdsong is similar to human speech in that

proper expression of the FOXP2 gene appears to be crucial.

53. The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _____________ the unaffected arm

restraining

22. In humans, TMS of Broca's area indicates that the anterior portion of the region is responsible for

semantic processing alone.

10. A native English-speaking person with _______ dyslexia would have great difficulty reading the title The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough

surface

11. The angular gyrus links the

visual region and Wernicke's area.

43. Which of the following has not been used for language training in apes?

Braille

12. Patients with ________ __________ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis; those with __________ _________ are likely to experience right-sided numbness

Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia.

14. __________ is an anatomical abnormality of developmental dyslexia that is associated with excessive cortical folding in areas such as the temporoparietal junction

Micropolygyria

36. Which symptom is not one of the forms of brain pathology associated with long-time boxers?

Micropolygyria

49. Bilateral damage to the fusiform gyrus results in _______

Prosopagnosia

47. Apraxia is

an inability to execute a learned sequence of movements.

52. Noninvasive stimulation mapping using transcranial magnetic stimulation has revealed that the ___ area of Broca's area is important for semantic processing, while the __ area of Broca's area is important for phonological processing

anterior;posterior

9. In patients with aphasia following a stroke, the greatest amount of language recovery is likely to be achieved _____ ___ ________ after the episode of brain damage

within 3 months

16. Which symptom has not been reported in the brains of people with dyslexia?

Asymmetrical planum temporale

46. A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia

Broca's

3. Which region of cortex is crucial for face recognition?

Fusiform gyrus

32. Which of the following statements about the evolution of languages is most accurate?

Languages are being lost or absorbed as a result of increasing globalization.

41. Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test?

The patient may need to undergo neurosurgery.

38. Which statement best illustrates the motor theory of language?

When we listen to speech sounds using the same neural system that we use to make those sounds.

8. Which of the following best describes the Wernicke-Geschwind model of aphasia?

Connectionist

50. Which area of the avian brain is crucial for song production?

High vocal center (HVC)

13. Which symptom would not be a likely result of extensive damage to the right fusiform gyrus?

Impairment in recognizing the voices of coworkers

31. ________ dyslexia is a form of acquired dyslexia in which the patient has difficulty with the details and sounds of letters

Surface

34. TMS brain mapping has shown that _______ regions of Broca's area are important for ___________ processing

anterior, semantic

5. According to some studies, stroke patients given ______- _______ ________ therapy can show about a 75% return of normal use of a paralyzed arm within a relatively short period of time

constraint-induced movement.

42. Unusual groupings of cells in the outer layers of the cerebral cortex have been seen in postmortem studies of

dyslexia.

51. Astereognosia is the

inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation

20. A prominent structural asymmetry in the brains of typical humans is apparent in the ________ __________, which is located on the superior surface of the __________ lobe

planum temporale, temporal

44. Prosopagnosia is the inability to

recognize faces

39. The ______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody

right, right

25. In monkeys, stimulation of the ____________ _____________, but not of the cortex, results in _____________________

subcortical regions, cortex, vocalizations.

29. One of the interesting findings of DTI tractography is that

the arcuate fasciculus is shorter than was once thought.

26. Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of

the left posterior temporal region.

40. Nonverbal visual stimuli, such as faces or shapes, are recognized more accurately if they are presented to

the left visual field.

7. A symptom of aphasia called "paraphasia" is characterized by

the substitution of words by sounds, phonemes, or unintended words.