PSB Module 15
28. In boxers, the devastating effects of repeated blows to the head are evident in the development of a progressive cognitive impairment called
chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
48. The official term for "punch-drunk" is
dementia pugilistica.
45. An exciting, but controversial future treatment for brain injury may be the use of _______ to replace the damaged neurons in the brain and spinal cord
embryonic stem cells
2. Childhood hemispherectomy is often followed by
extensive functional recovery.
1. Hemispheric specialization is also known as
lateralization.
54. The sounds that makeup a language are called ____ and the system of rules for producing sentences is called_________
phonemes;grammar
15. Birdsong is similar to human speech in that
proper expression of the FOXP2 gene appears to be crucial.
53. The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _____________ the unaffected arm
restraining
22. In humans, TMS of Broca's area indicates that the anterior portion of the region is responsible for
semantic processing alone.
10. A native English-speaking person with _______ dyslexia would have great difficulty reading the title The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough
surface
11. The angular gyrus links the
visual region and Wernicke's area.
43. Which of the following has not been used for language training in apes?
Braille
12. Patients with ________ __________ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis; those with __________ _________ are likely to experience right-sided numbness
Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia.
14. __________ is an anatomical abnormality of developmental dyslexia that is associated with excessive cortical folding in areas such as the temporoparietal junction
Micropolygyria
36. Which symptom is not one of the forms of brain pathology associated with long-time boxers?
Micropolygyria
49. Bilateral damage to the fusiform gyrus results in _______
Prosopagnosia
47. Apraxia is
an inability to execute a learned sequence of movements.
52. Noninvasive stimulation mapping using transcranial magnetic stimulation has revealed that the ___ area of Broca's area is important for semantic processing, while the __ area of Broca's area is important for phonological processing
anterior;posterior
9. In patients with aphasia following a stroke, the greatest amount of language recovery is likely to be achieved _____ ___ ________ after the episode of brain damage
within 3 months
16. Which symptom has not been reported in the brains of people with dyslexia?
Asymmetrical planum temporale
46. A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia
Broca's
3. Which region of cortex is crucial for face recognition?
Fusiform gyrus
32. Which of the following statements about the evolution of languages is most accurate?
Languages are being lost or absorbed as a result of increasing globalization.
41. Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test?
The patient may need to undergo neurosurgery.
38. Which statement best illustrates the motor theory of language?
When we listen to speech sounds using the same neural system that we use to make those sounds.
8. Which of the following best describes the Wernicke-Geschwind model of aphasia?
Connectionist
50. Which area of the avian brain is crucial for song production?
High vocal center (HVC)
13. Which symptom would not be a likely result of extensive damage to the right fusiform gyrus?
Impairment in recognizing the voices of coworkers
31. ________ dyslexia is a form of acquired dyslexia in which the patient has difficulty with the details and sounds of letters
Surface
34. TMS brain mapping has shown that _______ regions of Broca's area are important for ___________ processing
anterior, semantic
5. According to some studies, stroke patients given ______- _______ ________ therapy can show about a 75% return of normal use of a paralyzed arm within a relatively short period of time
constraint-induced movement.
42. Unusual groupings of cells in the outer layers of the cerebral cortex have been seen in postmortem studies of
dyslexia.
51. Astereognosia is the
inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation
20. A prominent structural asymmetry in the brains of typical humans is apparent in the ________ __________, which is located on the superior surface of the __________ lobe
planum temporale, temporal
44. Prosopagnosia is the inability to
recognize faces
39. The ______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody
right, right
25. In monkeys, stimulation of the ____________ _____________, but not of the cortex, results in _____________________
subcortical regions, cortex, vocalizations.
29. One of the interesting findings of DTI tractography is that
the arcuate fasciculus is shorter than was once thought.
26. Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of
the left posterior temporal region.
40. Nonverbal visual stimuli, such as faces or shapes, are recognized more accurately if they are presented to
the left visual field.
7. A symptom of aphasia called "paraphasia" is characterized by
the substitution of words by sounds, phonemes, or unintended words.
