PSY-210-401 Exam 2

The theory that all psychotherapies work pretty well is known as the ____ ______ _________

"Dodo Bird" Hypothesis"

Therapist Effects? ____%

20

Non-Specifics? ___%

35

Client Effects/Extra-Therapeutic Change? ___%

40

Specific Treatment Effects? ___%

5

About __-__% of people in the U.S. have a diagnosis and get treatment in any given year

8;10

According to the article "Are All Psychotherapies Created Equal?", what does the "Dodo Bird Hypothesis" refer to? A. No modality of therapy works better than another B. Psychotherapists think that the modality of therapy makes a big difference C. Specific treatment outcomes are more important than client and therapist factors D. Some of the earliest psychotherapies are no longer valid, hence the "dodo bird" title

A

All of the following statements about the Stages of Change Model are true EXCEPT: A. It is a universal model that can be applied to all clients without the need for specific tailoring B. It can be used in combination with multiple approaches C. It is a circular model that accommodates the possibility of relapse D. It focuses on doing the right thing at the right time

A

As a therapist, Kristen focuses on meaninglessness, freedom, isolation, and death. She avoids non-being. Kristen is most likely practicing which psychotherapeutic approach? A. Existentialism B. Jungian C. Humanistic D. Psychodynamic

A

In the article "Supershrinks", what did Ericsson say about becoming "the best of the best"? A. The best work harder at improving than others do B. It is all about natural talent C. The best have natural talent as well as a strong work ethic D. Experience is the most important factor for being the best

A

Who of the following is most likely to seek treatment? A. Angela, 38, white female, bachelor's degree and divorced B. John, 21, Latino male, high school graduate and single C. Pam, 75, African-American female, some college education, married D. Richard, 43, white male, Ph.D, separated

A

_________ is an action-oriented approach to psychotherapy that stems from traditional behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy that was developed by Steven Hayes

ACT

______ ______ made Cognitive Therapy well known and worked with Albert Ellis, who focused on rational emotive behavior therapy

Aaron Beck

Some more threats to internal validity are ______ ________, ___ ____ _______, and _______

Alternative explanation; No control group; bias

According to the article "The State of Psychotherapy and Counseling Today", which of the following is a reason managed care was developed? A. Help focus on the individual B. Control the costs of health care C. To focus on the mental illness D. To protect their own interests

B

Bob is running an experiment. When he divides the participants into the experimental and control groups, he does not use any kind of randomization. By overlooking this random assignment, Bob is threatening which part of his study? A. External Validity B. Internal Validity C. Independent Variable D. Dependent Variable

B

Do non-specifics have a place in PPT (according to the article Positive Psychotherapy)? A. No, they do not, because PPT therapists believe they are harmful B. Yes; PPT therapists acknowledge that their treatment is more effective when non-specifics are integrated with the therapy exercises C. No, they do not, because PPT therapists simply follow a structured treatment protocol (guide for conducting sessions) that does not integrate non-specifics D. No, they do not, because non-specifics are irrelevant since PPT is only delivered online

B

Janice works with her client, Sabrina, to help her feel empowered. Janice uses a lot of self-disclosure to connect with Sabrina. Janice is most likely practicing which psychotherapeutic approach? A. Family Systems B. Feminist C. Positive D. Interpersonal

B

Kylie is in therapy and is working on being aware of her thoughts and diffusing their power by acknowledging them. What therapeutic approach is Kylie's therapist using? A. Cognitive Therapy B. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy C. Positive Psychotherapy D. Family Systems Therapy

B

Martin Seligman, founder of Positive Psychotherapy, emphasized three main points. Which of the following were NOT one of these points? A. Pleasure B. Empowerment C. Engagement D. Meaning

B

The goal of this therapy is to unlearn an old behavior and replace it with a new, more adaptive behavior

Behavior Therapy

According to Seligman, the main "methodological virtue" of the CR effectiveness study was: A. The fact that participants were randomly assigned to conditions, which included a control group B. That the experiment had a high degree of control, and therefore, internal validity C. That the treatment was done "in the field" in the way that the population actually gets it D. The diversity of the sample, and therefore, its external validity

C

Brad struggles with an alcohol-use disorder. He has realized he needs to get help and makes a call to sign up for an AA meeting. According to the Stages of Change model, what stage is Brad in? A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action

C

In the article "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports Study", which of the following was NOT a result of the 1994 CR study? A. Treatment by a mental health professional usually worked better than any other provider B. Marriage and family therapists showed a lower degree of effectiveness C. CBT worked better than any other type of therapy D. Long-term therapy showed more improvement

C

Jade has borderline personality disorder. Of the following, which psychotherapeutic approach would be most appropriate for her disorder? A. Psychodynamic B. Gestalt C. DBT D. CBT

C

Rebecca is seeing a therapist, and, during session, they focus on unlearning maladaptive behaviors and replacing them with new ones. This is an example of: A. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy B. ACT C. Behavioral Therapy D. Interpersonal Psychotherapy

C

Which of the following matches is INCORRECT? A. Steven Hayes; acceptance B. Martin Seligman; engagement in life C. Jung; mindfulness D. Rollo May; freedom E. ALL of the above are correct matches

C

_________ __________ means that the results are perceived as important to people

Clinical Significance

The goal of this therapy is to change "irrational" and "maladaptive" thoughts because this leads to changes in behavior and emotion

Cognitive Therapy

A ____ _____ _____ in 2003 comparing medication and psychotherapy found that medications worked fastest, long-term therapy (13+ sessions) worked and that the combination of medication and therapy was the most effective

Consumer Reports Study

This important study on the effectiveness of psychology was done in 1994 by a magazine and the results showed that long-term therapy was more effective, and that there was no difference between therapy and therapy with medications

Consumer Reports Survey

The group that gets the placebo is the _______ group

Control

______ and ______ are pretty much the same things

Counseling; Therapy

Spencer is conducting a randomized double blind study that has high internal validity. This would also be classified as what kind of study? A. Effectiveness Study B. Qualitative Study C. Descriptive Study D. Efficacy Study

D

Tamara seeks out therapy for help dealing with a strained relationship with her father. Her therapist has her speak to an empty chair as though her father were present and talking with her. Tamara's therapist is most likely practicing which psychotherapeutic approach? A. Humanistic B. Psychodynamic C. Existentialism D. Gestalt

D

Which of the following client factors would BEST predict treatment effectiveness A. Socioeconomic status B. Education level C. Age D. Symptom severity

D

Developed by Marsha Linehan for BPD, _______ is made up of a combination of CBT, validation, and dialectics while using mindfulness to help clients overcome their symptoms

DBT

A type of research where data is collected in a variety of ways with the intent of describing existing phenomena

Descriptive Research

Developed by Francine Shapiro, ______ was developed as a treatment for PTSD and combines CBT with rapid eye movements

EMDR

______ studies have been considered the "Gold Standard" in validating psychotherapies, and ______ studies assess the success rate of therapies in a real world setting

Efficacy; Effectiveness

Developed by Rollo May, this therapy includes avoiding "non-being" and talks about the 4 problems of existence

Existentialism

The group that gets the treatment is the ________ group

Experimental

What involves a higher degree of researcher manipulation and control, and allows more cause-and-effect conclusions?

Experimentation

_________ ________ asks the question: "Can the results be generalized?"

External Validity

When determining the effectiveness of psychotherapy, _______ is the only factor about the therapist that matters

Facilitative Interpersonal Skills

Developed by Murray Bowen, this therapy involved the key concepts of roles, multigenerational patterns, and differentiation

Family Systems Therapy

_______ __________ focuses on empowerment, the client is seen as the expert on themself and the therapist is more likely to self-disclose

Feminist Psychotherapy

Two threats to External Validity are _______ and _______

Generalizability; Sampling

Therapy that focuses on "awareness of self and body" and was developed by Fritz Perls is called ________ _________.

Gestalt Therapy

Some psychotherapies could be ______ and examples are "rebirthing" and crisis debriefing that includes re-experiencing trauma

Harmful

This type of psychotherapeutic approach focused on working on a healthy, authentic sense of self and therapists using this technique provide a general acceptance and positive regard, trying to establish a relationship with their client

Humanism

A _______ is a statement that describes what effect the independent variable has on the dependent variable

Hypothesis

The belief that a treatment doesn't work because it hasn't been "empirically validated" but it is generally just untested

Inertness Assumption

_______ _______ is the degree to which we have confidence that the independent variable was what caused the change in the dependent variable

Internal Validity

_________ ________ is an in-depth, analytical form of talk therapy designed to bring together the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind to help a person feel balanced and whole

Jungian Therapy

Any health care delivery method in which someone other than the health care provider manages both financial and medical aspects

Managed Care

Who wrote the book "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy", published in 1995?

Martin Seligman

Formally beginning in the 1990s by Martin Seligman, ________ emphasizes pleasure, engagement, and meaning

PPT

What 5 steps make up the Transtheoretical Model's "Stages of Change"?

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Relapse

This type of psychotherapeutic approach was developed by Freud and focused on our subconscious thoughts

Psychodynamic

Not using __________ is a threat to internal validity

Randomization

________ ________ means that chance can likely be ruled out as the cause of changes in the dependent variable

Statistical Significance

Historically, behavior was explained in 3 ways: _________, ________, and ____________

Supernatural; Biological; Psychogenic

Efficacy study is the _______ method for empirically validating psychotherapy as it is actually done, because it ____ many crucial elements of what is done in the field

Wrong; omits