PSY 230 CH 6

Which of the following is a general plan for implementing a research strategy?

A research design

A study examining the relationship between tumor and memory compares memory performance scores fro one group presented with humorous sentences and a second group presented with non humorous sentences. The participants in one group are primarily 8-year-old students and those in the second group are primarily 10-year-old students. In this study, age is potential an --- variable

Confounding

Cues given to participants about how they are expected to behave define which of the following terms?

Demand charactertistics

Results from a research study suggest that a stop-smoking program is very successful. However, the participants who volunteered for the study were all highly motivated to quit smoking and the research is concerned that the same results may not be obtained for smokers who are not motivated. What kind of validity is being questioned?

External validity

The degree to which your research results generalize beyond the specific characteristics of your study refers to

External validity

Which of the following describes a variable that exists in a study but is not being directly examined?

Extraneous

A researcher measures mood for a group of participants who have listened to happy music for 20 minutes and for a second group who have listened to sad music for 20 minutes. If different mood scores are obtained for the two groups, the researcher would like to conclude that music influenced mood. However, the happy music music group was tested in a room painted yellow and the sad music group was in a room painted dark brown and the researcher is concerned the room color and not the music may influence mood scores. What kind of validity is being questioned?

Internal validity

What aspect of a study is threatened if the participants are tested in one treatment condition at one time and then tested in a second treatment condition at a different time?

Internal validity

A research study attempts to describe the relationship between self-esteem and birth order position by measuring self-esteem for each individual in a group of first-born boys, and then comparing the results with self-esteem scores for a group of later-born boys. Which research strategy is being used?

Nonexperimental

A journal article reports that a new teaching strategy is very effective for first-grade students. A teacher wonders if the same strategy would be effective for a class of third-grade students. What is the questioning?

The external validity of the report

How can sensitization threaten external validity of a study?

The results may be limited to individuals who have experienced a pretest

Which of the following questions can be addressed with the descriptive strategy?

What is the average number of text messages that a typical adolescent sends in a month?

Experimental research studies tend to have very - internal validity but often have relatively - external validity

high; low