psyc1300 chapter 1

If a researcher is interested in studying all humans but has a sample of participants that are all male, the researcher has a(n) ___ sample.

biased

In an experiment, the group that receives no treatment is referred to as the ________ group. Multiple choice question. control population sample dependent

control

Laboratory research is conducted in a(n) ____ setting.

controlled

For a theory to be scientific, there must be some way to prove it wrong. In other words, the theory must be _____

falsifiable

The theory of natural selection in explaining adaptations is most consistent with the approach to psychology called ______

functionalism

June attempts to study the structure of her mental processes by thinking carefully about the experience of sunlight warming her skin. June is practicing ______. introspection behaviorism psychoanalysis functionalism

introspection

Pedro is thinking deeply about his feelings and monitoring how he responds to common stimuli. Pedro is engaging in _______, which is also an approach used by the structuralists in the history of psychology.

introspection

An experiment involves ______ one variable and observing the effect on another variable. Multiple choice question. measuring confounding correlating manipulating

manipulating

An operational definition is an objective description of how a research variable is going to be ______ and observed. Multiple choice question. measured correlated randomized accessed

measured

Like functionalism, structuralism focuses on ______. introspection neuroscientific explanations for behavior mental processes behavior

mental processes

A research finding is considered _______ if it is found to be a dependable result.

reliable

The ____ is the subset of the population chosen by the investigator for a study.

sample

Psychology is the ______ study of all human behaviors.

scientific

The five steps of the _____ method are reflected differently in three types of research commonly used in psychology.

scientific

In some experiments, the same people are in the control group and the experimental group. Each participant is exposed to all of the conditions. What is the term for this type of research? Double-blind experiment Quasi-experimental research Within-participant design Longitudinal research

Within-participant design

___ developed the first laboratory devoted to psychological research. James Wundt Descartes Freud

Wundt

____ created the first psychology laboratory. Hall James Freud Wundt

Wundt

David is running a memory study and is interested in memory performance for adults. All of his participants are adults, but everyone in his sample is female. David has a problem with _____. a double-blind experiment a biased sample reliability demand characteristics.

a biased sample

Operational ___ are important to research because they provide clarity in the explanation and measurement of a phenomenon.

definitions

In an experiment, the ___ variable is expected to change as a result of the experimental manipulation.

dependent

Historically, the prevailing attitude among doctors has been that depression during pregnancy is more dangerous to mother and child than any drug could be. mothers should not consume any drugs during pregnancy, no matter how severe their level of depression. severe levels of depression, which require medication, should serve as a contraindication to pregnancy. prescription drugs are safe to take during pregnancy, as they cannot cross the placental barrier.

depression during pregnancy is more dangerous to mother and child than any drug could be.

_______ research serves the purpose of determining the basic dimensions of a phenomenon and defining what it is or how often it occurs, but it cannot provide causal information.

descriptive

The _____ method involves gaining knowledge by collecting data and thinking logically about the findings.

empirical

When researchers gather evidence and examine it logically, they are using the _____ method. observational objective empirical anecdotal

empirical

Critical thinking is the practice of evaluating ______. others' behaviors the media the self evidence

evidence

The field of psychology has its roots in _____. philosophy, religion, and physiology physics, biology, and physiology philosophy, physics, and chemistry philosophy, biology, and physiology

philosophy, biology, and physiology

A random sample is a sample that gives every member of the ______ an equal chance of being selected. congregation school community population

population

The entire group about which the investigator draws conclusions is known as a ______. sample variable random sample population

population

Operational definitions are important to research because they _____. make it hard for research studies to be copied by rivals allow researchers to come up with new vocabulary words provide clarity in explanation and measurement of a phenomenon allow researchers to "brand" their research

provide clarity in explanation and measurement of a phenomenon

In psychological research, the population is _____. the group about which the researcher would like to draw conclusions the group of people selected to participate in the study the group of participants assigned to the experimental condition the group of participants assigned to the control condition

the group about which the researcher would like to draw conclusions

Dr. Humor wonders if knock-knock jokes are funnier than jokes involving "crossing the road." He has several people tell participants a series of both types of jokes and has the participants rate how funny they believe each joke to be. In this example, the dependent variable is the type of joke. the order of the presentation of the jokes. the participants' humor ratings. the person telling the jokes.

the participants' humor ratings.

The defining feature that makes psychology a science is _____. its emphasis on controlling behavior the use of systematic methods to gather data and form conclusions its emphasis on both behavior and mental processes the use of statistics

the use of systematic methods to gather data and form conclusions

A _______ is a broad idea that can be used to make predictions about future observations.

theory

_____ is a broad term for any characteristic that can change in some way.

variable

Children, incarcerated individuals, and people with psychological disorders are all considered ____ populations in ethical research.

vulnerable

Psychologists study _____. Multiple choice question. actions but not reactions mental processes and thoughts behavior and mental processes people exclusively

behavior and mental processes

Match the contemporary approach to psychology to its description. 1. An approach that focuses on the body. 2. An approach that emphasizes the study of observable behavior. 3. An approach that emphasizes the unconscious, through the conflict between biological drives and society's demands and through early family experiences. 4. An approach that emphasizes an individual's positive qualities, potential for positive growth, and freedom of choice. 5. An approach that emphasizes mental processes. 6. An approach that focuses on ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as explanations for behavior. 7. An approach the focuses on the impact of social and cultural environments on behavior.

1. Biological approach 2. Behavioral approach 3. Psychodynamic approach 4. Humanistic approach 5. Cognitive approach 6. Evolutionary approach 7. Sociocultural approach

Match the types of research with the descriptions of research studies. 1. Study in which how elementary-aged children choose where to sit during lunch is explored by watching their movements in the lunch room. 2. Study in which how individuals choose which college to attend is explored by having the individuals respond to surveys. 3. Study in which how career choices impact overall life satisfaction is studied by collecting data when individuals are 22, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, and 60. 4. Study in which the impact of beverage choice (water, soda, coffee and nothing)on the length of a study session is explored.

1. Descriptive research 2. Descriptive research 3. Correlational research 4. Experimental research

Match the areas of specialization with their descriptions. 1. Study of the process by which behavior changes through experience. 2. Study of how people become who they are from infancy to death. 3. Study of the enduring characteristics of individuals. 4. Multidisciplinary approach that emphasizes psychological factors, lifestyle, and the health care delivery system. 5. Study of the brain's role in behavior. 6. Study of how we experience the world through our physical systems and psychological processes. 7. Study of attention, consciousness, information processing, and memory. 8. Study of how we attain goals. 9. Study of people's interaction with one another. 10. Study of the social influences in organizations. 11. Diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders. 12. Focus on improving the relationships among individuals, their community, and society.

1. Learning 2. Developmental Psychology 3. Personality Psychology 4. Health Psychology 5. Behavioral Psychology 6. Sensation and Perception 7. Cognitive Psychology 8. Motivation 9. Social Psychology 10. Organizational Psychology 11. Clinical Psychology 12. Community Psychology

What is a theory? Anything that can change A specific, testable prediction A broad idea, or set of closely related ideas, that attempts to explain certain observations An objective description of how a research variable is going to be measured and observed

A broad idea, or set of closely related ideas, that attempts to explain certain observations

What is survey research? A study that is concerned with identifying the relationships between two or more variables A standard set of questions used to obtain people's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic Observing how children resolve conflicts while playing a game. An in-depth look at a single individual

A standard set of questions used to obtain people's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic

What is the difference between a theory and an opinion? There is no difference; theory is just the word scientists use to describe their opinions. A theory is falsifiable, whereas an opinion is not. An opinion is a theory that has been falsified. A theory has been proven completely true, whereas an opinion still needs more proof.

A theory is falsifiable, whereas an opinion is not.

What is a hypothesis? The entire group in which the investigator wants to draw conclusions An educated guess that is derived logically from a theory Anything that can change An objective description of how a research variable is going to be measured and observed

An educated guess that is derived logically from a theory

What is a variable? An idea that is arrived at logically from a theory Anything that can change A sample that gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected A subset of the population chosen by the investigator for study

Anything that can change

When thinking about confidential and anonymous data, _____ data can be linked back to the individual person, but _____ data cannot.

Blank 1: confidential Blank 2: anonymous

Which approach to psychology did Wilhelm Wundt endorse? Structuralism Gestalt Introspection Functionalism

Structuralism

Which of the following are considered vulnerable populations in ethical research? (Select all that apply.) Children Incarcerated people People with psychological disorders College students

Children Incarcerated people People with psychological disorders

A researcher wants to know if giving students chocolate before an exam will improve their scores. Two groups of students take the exam, but only one group gets chocolate first. What is the independent variable in this experiment? Exam scores The students who do not get chocolate Chocolate The students who get chocolate

Chocolate

What is the difference between keeping data confidential versus keeping it anonymous? Confidentiality is ethical, whereas anonymity is not. Both surveys and experiments can involve confidentiality, but anonymity is only possible with surveys. Confidential data can be linked back to the individual person, but anonymous data cannot. If a researcher is keeping research information anonymous, then they can bypass the institutional review board, but not if they are keeping it confidential.

Confidential data can be linked back to the individual person, but anonymous data cannot.

Louis is watching two people at the cafe where he is drinking a cup of tea, and he wonders how he can recognize that they are flirting with each other without being able to hear what they are saying. Louis's observation is a good example of which attitude in the scientific approach? Skepticism Objectivity Curiosity Critical thinking

Curiosity

Which of the following are the core attitudes in the scientific approach? (Select all that apply.) Inflexibility Curiosity Skepticism Pride Objectivity Critical thinking

Curiosity Skepticism Objectivity Critical thinking

___ refers to all of the information researchers collect in a study. Reliability Data Replication Validity

Data

____ makes informed consent difficult because subjects must not know what the study they are about to participate in is really about. Deception Reliability Debriefing Validity

Deception

In an experiment, which variable is measured by the experimenter? Correlational Dependent Controlled Independent

Dependent

Which of these are types of psychological research? (Select all that apply.) Descriptive Pseudoscientific Correlational Experimental

Descriptive Correlational Experimental

Which of the following steps is NOT included in the scientific method? Communicate Observe Test Discover

Discover

True or false: Animal research has provided no benefit to humans.

False

True or false: Deception in psychological research is not acceptable.

False

True or false: If two variables are correlated, then one of them must cause the other.

False

True or false: Survey research is the preferred method for studying socially undesirable phenomena such as holding racist attitudes.

False

True or false: The dependent variable is the manipulated experimental factor in an experiment.

False

Which of the following are steps in the scientific method? (Select all that apply.) Thinking critically Preparing meta-analyses Formulating hypotheses and predictions Observing some phenomenon Drawing conclusions

Formulating hypotheses and predictions Observing some phenomenon Drawing conclusions

___ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment. Neuroscience Psychodynamic Functionalism Psychoanalysis Evolution

Functionalism

___ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment. Psychodynamic Psychoanalysis Functionalism Neuroscience Evolution

Functionalism

Which of the following is NOT a hypothesis? If I drink coffee after 7 pm, I will have trouble sleeping. Heat causes pain. I predict that slight anxiety increases performance on test taking. Teenage boys raised by a single mother will exhibit less sexism than those raised in two-parent homes.

Heat causes pain.

In an experiment, which variable is manipulated by the experimenter? Correlational Isolated Control Independent

Independent

___ minimizes the risk of harm by telling research participants what to expect before they participate in research. Multiple choice question. An independent review committee Formal research Informed consent The American Psychological Association

Informed consent

Which of these are components of the American Psychological Association's ethics guidelines for researchers? (Select all that apply.) Double-blind experiment Informed consent Debriefing Confidentiality Experimenter bias

Informed consent Debriefing Confidentiality

Why is psychology considered a science? It focuses on internal mental processes. It classifies mental disorders. It focuses on observation, drawing conclusions, and prediction. It focuses on behavior.

It focuses on observation, drawing conclusions, and prediction.

Functionalism had its roots in the thoughts of ______. James Wundt Freud Helmholtz

James

Who was the major proponent of the functionalist movement? Titchener Descartes James Freud

James

What setting would a researcher choose if they needed to remove the complex factors of the real world to conduct their research? Laboratory Observation Interview

Laboratory

Which of the following statements is NOT considered a drawback to doing laboratory observation? It is almost impossible to do research in the lab without the subject knowing that they are being studied. People who are willing to participate in laboratory research may not fairly represent the population. The laboratory setting is unnatural and can cause the participant to act unnaturally. Laboratory research allows a great deal of control in the research setting.

Laboratory research allows a great deal of control in the research setting.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method? Preparing meta-analyses Observing some phenomenon Drawing conclusions Formulating hypotheses and predictions

Multiple choice question. Preparing meta-analyses

A test of intelligence is given to a subject. The subject scores a 110 on the first administration. Six months later, the same subject is given the same test again and receives a score of 75. After another six months has passed, the subject is given the test one last time and receives a score of 138. What conclusions can be drawn from these scores? The scores are not reliable. The scores have been replicated. The scores are reliable. The scores are valid.

Multiple choice question. The scores are not reliable.

__ is an evolutionary process in which organisms best adapted to their environment will survive and produce offspring. Structuralism Artificial selection Behaviorism Natural selection

Natural selection

Darwin's principle of ____ ____ is an evolutionary process in which organisms best adapted to their surroundings will survive and produce offspring.

Natural; Selection

A researcher wants to study the play habits of elementary school children. Over a one-year period, he watches children playing with each other during their recess periods on the playground at the local elementary school. Which type of research setting is this an example of? Naturalistic observation Laboratory observation Correlational research Case study

Naturalistic observation

You watch people at the zoo to determine if men or women are more likely to scold their children. This is an example of which type of research? Correlational experiment Experiment Case study Naturalistic observation

Naturalistic observation

Mark just completed a research study. The results were completely different from what he had hypothesized. Although the results didn't turn out the way he expected, he sits down to start writing up the unexpected findings. This situation is a good example of which scientific attitude? Curiosity Objectivity Skepticism Critical thinking

Objectivity

Nancy is doing a research project next week at a shopping center. She's worried about being systematic and whether she should bring someone along to make sure she is being accurate. She's concerned about technology and whether she should record her research in writing, by sound recording, or by video. What type of research is she conducting? Longitudinal Experimental Observational Standardized testing

Observational

What is the difference between a behavior and a mental process? Mental processes are not real because they are only in a person's head. Mental processes can be directly observed, but behaviors cannot. Only behaviors can be directly observed. Only behaviors can be measured.

Only behaviors can be directly observed.

Which of the following is NOT an APA ethical standard for psychology? Participants must be informed of the nature of the experiment and its procedures. Participants must be able to withdraw from the experiment at any time without penalty. Participants must be allowed to select the conditions of the experiment in which they participate. Participants must be protected from physical or mental harm.

Participants must be allowed to select the conditions of the experiment in which they participate.

Which of the following are true of survey research? (Select all that apply.) It can be used to study variables that are unconscious. People are asked to self-report. A disadvantage is that people may not answer honestly. It is usually done in a case study.

People are asked to self-report. A disadvantage is that people may not answer honestly.

Which of the following statements are considered drawbacks to doing laboratory observation? (Select all that apply.) Laboratory research allows a great deal of control in the research setting. People who are willing to participate in laboratory research may not fairly represent the population. The laboratory setting is unnatural and can cause the participant to act unnaturally. It is almost impossible to do research in the lab without the subject knowing that they are being studied.

People who are willing to participate in laboratory research may not fairly represent the population. The laboratory setting is unnatural and can cause the participant to act unnaturally. It is almost impossible to do research in the lab without the subject knowing that they are being studied.

Which statement is the correct interpretation of the statement "Extroversion and attending parties are positively correlated." Extroversion causes people to go to more parties. Extroverted people tend to not go to parties. Going to parties causes people to be extroverted. People who go to parties tend to be extroverted.

People who go to parties tend to be extroverted.

The goals of the science of psychology are which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Predicting behavior Describing behavior Judging behavior Explaining behavior

Predicting behavior Describing behavior Explaining behavior

Which of the following are examples of the areas in which psychological animal research has provided benefits to human populations? (Select all that apply.) Psychotherapy techniques and behavioral medicine Knowledge of better tanning and cosmetic techniques Rehabilitation of neuromuscular disorders Drugs to treat anxiety and severe mental illness Alleviation of the effects of stress and pain

Psychotherapy techniques and behavioral medicine Rehabilitation of neuromuscular disorders Drugs to treat anxiety and severe mental illness Alleviation of the effects of stress and pain

In some research, the researchers are not able to use random assignment to divide participants among groups. Instead, they compare preexisting groups. What type of research is this? Quasi-experimental design Longitudinal research Within-participant design Double-blind experiment

Quasi-experimental design

Which of the following are examples of mental processes? (Choose every correct answer.) Remembering last weekend Worrying Posting a picture to social media Solving a math problem in your head Daydreaming

Remembering last weekend Worrying Solving a math problem in your head Daydreaming

___ means that a researcher has been able to reproduce a study and get similar results as a previous researcher. Validity Replication Operational definition Double-blind

Replication

____ of research refers to the ability to repeat a study and get results similar to those of the original research.

Replication

What can researchers do after they have conducted a study and generated their conclusions? (Select all that apply.) Collect more data, using different methods. Revise their theories. Conclude that they know the answer to the question and do not need to do more research. Share their findings with others. Collect more data, using the same methods.

Share their findings with others. Revise their theories. Collect more data, using different methods. Collect more data, using the same methods.

Donna has heard that dogs can only see in black and white, but she refuses to believe it outright. Instead, she is going to figure out some tasks that require color vision to test her own dog to better assess this statement. Donna is best illustrating which scientific attitude? Multiple choice question. Skepticism Biased thinking Curiosity Objectivity

Skepticism

____ refer to the mathematical analyses to describe and interpret data in research.

Statistics

___ is a 19th-century school of psychology that argued that breaking down mental processes into elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior. Structuralism Introspection Psychoanalysis Cognitive Psychology

Structuralism

___ is concerned with the components of the mind, whereas ______ is concerned with the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment. Multiple choice question. Structuralism; functionalism Functionalism; structuralism Structuralism; behaviorism Behaviorism; functionalism

Structuralism; functionalism

Which of the following is the best example of a positive correlation? The less interesting the lecture, the less likely you are to remember everything the instructor said. Your chances of getting an A increase as the difficulty of the test decreases. Alicia loves to eat ice cream on hot afternoons. You should study longer because that helps you get a better grade.

The less interesting the lecture, the less likely you are to remember everything the instructor said.

Which of the following statements about the infamous Kitty Genovese murder in March 1964 in front of dozens of passive bystanders is TRUE? The murder stimulated research by John Darley and Bibb Latané to investigate the theory of "diffusion of responsibility." Darley and Latané's research showed that the smaller the number of bystanders, the more likely any one person is to help because the bystanders feel as though everyone is watching them. During the murder, no one tried to help Kitty Genovese, despite the fact that the deadly assault took place right in front of them. The case study of the Kitty Genovese murder is the only research that has ever taken place on the bystander effect, as the effect cannot be tested using an experimental design.

The murder stimulated research by John Darley and Bibb Latané to investigate the theory of "diffusion of responsibility."

What is the purpose of using deception in psychological research? To protect participants from physical and mental harm To embarrass participants and thereby draw more genuine responses To reduce the resentment participants may feel because they are being watched carefully To prevent participants from being influenced by what they think the purpose of the study is

To prevent participants from being influenced by what they think the purpose of the study is

True or false: Psychology has its roots in both philosophy and the natural sciences.

True

True or false: The scientific method is a continuous process.

True

Zhuang is trying to decide which major he should choose in college. His older brother notes that Zhuang is always asking questions, so maybe he should become a scientist. If Zhuang asks the same kinds of questions that successful scientists ask, he is probably asking things like Why? How do you know? Where's your evidence? Is there another explanation? How does this affect me? Why is it important that I know this? Where will I use this information? Will it help me get ahead in life? Who? What? When? Where? How? Can I get a quote?

Why? How do you know? Where's your evidence? Is there another explanation?

Alice is answering a telephone survey about marital satisfaction in the United States. When asked about her own marital satisfaction, she doesn't tell the researcher the truth because she worries that her marriage is worse than many other marriages. Instead she says what she thinks other recipients might say. This behavior is considered _____. unnecessary, if participants would just stop lying about their lives a drawback to the survey method a benefit to the survey method statistically irrelevant, as we take into account that up to half of the sample will give us a socially acceptable answer

a drawback to the survey method

Most psychologists work in ______. business and industry private practice academic settings clinical settings (such as clinics and hospitals)

academic settings

Critical thinking is a(n) ___ process involving engaging with ideas and not settling for simple answers. subconscious passive active closed

active

Before it can be conducted, all psychological research is subject to review by _____. the American Psychological Association anyone who wants to evaluate it representatives of the federal and state governments an institutional review board

an institutional review board

A psychologist wondering about how love between two people can sometimes endure for 50 years involves being critical. curious. skeptical. ignorant.

curious.

_____ refers to all of the information researchers collect in a study.

data

Jake has found a correlation between the amount of time he spends exercising every day and the number of hours he sleeps at night. The more he exercises, the longer he sleeps. However, his psychology instructor explained to him that correlation does not mean causation. This means that the correlation isn't real because they can't explain why it is happening. sleep doesn't cause the exercise. exercise doesn't cause the sleep. by itself, the correlation doesn't say if more exercise causes longer sleep.

by itself, the correlation doesn't say if more exercise causes longer sleep.

Suppose some female rats are given caffeine and others are not. The researchers then count how many times the rats given caffeine couple with males and how many times the rats not given caffeine couple. In this example the independent variable is caffeine. couplings by rats given caffeine. rats not given caffeine. female rats.

caffeine.

A(n) ______ is a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more variables believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other variables are held constant. experiment third variable problem experimental group longitudinal design

experiment

A(n) ______ is a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more variables believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other variables are held constant. third variable problem experiment longitudinal design experimental group

experiment

In an experiment, the group that receives the treatment the researchers want to study is known as the ______ group.

experimental

In an experiment, the group that receives the treatment the researchers want to study is known as the ______ group. quasi-experimental placebo control experimental

experimental

The theory of natural selection in explaining adaptations is most consistent with _____. humanistic psychology functionalism structuralism behaviorism

functionalism

A(n) _____ is an idea arrived at logically from a theory. It can be thought of as an educated guess, and it can be tested.

hypothesis

Marty says to his brother during Thanksgiving: "You know, I think the Seminoles are going to end up in the Gator Bowl this year." His prediction about what he thinks will happen in college football, based upon his observations of his and other teams' playing habits, is an example of a theory. law. guess. hypothesis.

hypothesis

Before people agree to participate in psychological research, the researcher must first tell them what this participation will entail, along with any potential risks and benefits. This process is known as ______. debriefing an IRB review confidentiality informed consent

informed consent

Researchers must submit their research proposal to an ______ review board that evaluates the ethical nature of research conducted at their college or university. institutional integrity academic independent

institutional

Once data has been collected, the researchers ______ the data.

interpret

The rules of the American Psychological Association require psychologists to protect participants in a research study from which of the of following? (Select all that apply.) mental harm any form of deception physical harm

mental harm physical harm

Observing behavior in real-world settings is known as _____. standardized testing naturalistic observation laboratory observation double-blind research

naturalistic observation

When conducting a naturalistic observation, it is important that the researchers _____. manipulate at least one variable manipulate one and only one variable change the situation that they are observing not change the situation that they are observing

not change the situation that they are observing

Marie is a scientist, and she understand that knowledge changes in the face of new evidence. Marie is demonstrating a core attitude in science, which is ____.

objectivity

The four core attitudes in the scientific approach are critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and _____

objectivity

When a researcher wants to correlate tension with depression, she develops tests that measure these two emotional states. The tests are her _________ of the variables she is interested in. theories operational definitions experimental manipulations hypothesis

operational definitions

_____ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

psychology

In some research, the researchers are not able to use random assignment to divide participants among groups. Instead, they compare preexisting groups, which results in a ___-___ design.

quasi experimental

Scientists should be _____, which means that they challenge what people believe to be true, especially when there is a lack of evidence for the belief.

skeptical

When researchers perform mathematical analyses to describe and interpret their data, the resulting numbers are collectively known as ______. correlations statistics themes averages

statistics

_____ of consciousness is the term used by James to describe the natural flow of thought.

stream

William James used the term ____ to describe the natural flow of thought. metacomprehension introspective thought stream of consciousness free association

stream of consciousness

______ is the name of the approach to psychology endorsed by Wilhelm Wundt.

structuralism

A teacher believes that her students will perform better on a test if they receive extra feedback on their homework. To test this idea, she randomly assigns half of her students to get extra feedback. At the end of the semester, she compares the scores of the students who received extra feedback with those who received a normal amount of feedback. In this example, the dependent variable is extra feedback. homework. test scores. students.

test scores.

When you are doing observational research you must know: (Select all that apply.) when and where you will observe whom you are observing how you will make the observation what the results will be

when and where you will observe whom you are observing how you will make the observation

In some research studies, participants will be in both the control group and the experimental group. Each participant is exposed to all of the conditions. This type of research is called a ____-participants design.

within