PSYC&100 General Psychology: Chapter 16

Psychotherapy

(also, psychodynamic psychotherapy) psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

Active listening

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Adderall

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

Chronic

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

Client's present and future

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.

Counterconditioning

ECT stands for ________.

Electroconvulsive therapy

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

Intake

What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another

According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?

Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.

Process of closing large asylums

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.

Psycho-educational treatment

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.

The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Thoughts affect behavior

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

Token economy

Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?

Voluntary

How long does psychoanalysis typically take?

Years

Counterconditioning

classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior

Token economy

controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens (e.g., poker chip) that be exchanged for items or privileges

Exposure therapy

counterconditioning technique in which a therapist seeks to treat a client's fear or anxiety by presenting the feared object or situation with the idea that the person will eventually get used to it

Aversive conditioning

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Rational emotive therapy (RET)

form of cognitive-behavioral therapy

Systematic desensitization

form of exposure therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by exposing a person to the feared object or situation through a stimulus hierarchy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors

Comorbid disorder

individual who has two or more diagnoses, which often includes a substance abuse diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis, such as depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia

Asylum

institution created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders

Transference

process in psychoanalysis in which the patient transfers all of the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient's other relationships to the psychoanalyst

Deinstitutionalization

process of closing large asylums and integrating people back into the community where they can be treated locally

Relapse

repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse

Family therapy

special form of group therapy consisting of one or more families

Dream analysis

technique in psychoanalysis in which patients recall their dreams and the psychoanalyst interprets them to reveal unconscious desires or struggles

Free association

technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment

Nondirective therapy

therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person identify conflicts and understand feelings

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

type of biomedical therapy that involves using an electrical current to induce seizures in a person to help alleviate the effects of severe depression

Virtual reality exposure therapy

uses a simulation rather than the actual feared object or situation to help people conquer their fears

Cognitive therapy

form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person's thoughts lead to feelings of distress, with the aim of helping them change these irrational thoughts

Humanistic therapy

therapeutic orientation aimed at helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Psychoanalysis

therapeutic orientation developed by Sigmund Freud that employs free association, dream analysis, and transference to uncover repressed feelings

Behavior therapy

therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors

Play therapy

therapeutic process, often used with children, that employs toys to help them resolve psychological problems

Unconditional positive regard

fundamental acceptance of a person regardless of what they say or do; term associated with humanistic psychology

Confidentiality

therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party, unless mandated or permitted by law

Structural family therapy

therapist examines and discusses with the family the boundaries and structure of the family: who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, how decisions are made, and what are the boundaries within the family

Strategic family therapy

therapist guides the therapy sessions and develops treatment plans for each family member for specific problems that can addressed in a short amount of time

Intake

therapist's first meeting with the client in which the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs

Cultural competence

therapist's understanding and attention to issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

Voluntary treatment

therapy that a person chooses to attend in order to obtain relief from her symptoms

Group therapy

treatment modality in which 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician

Rogerian (client-centered therapy)

non-directive form of humanistic psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes unconditional positive regard and self-acceptance

Involuntary treatment

therapy that is mandated by the courts or other systems

Individual therapy

treatment modality in which the client and clinician meet one-on-one

Biomedical therapy

treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Couples therapy

two people in an intimate relationship, such as husband and wife, who are having difficulties and are trying to resolve them with therapy