PSYCH 2017 EXAM 1

What type of validity concerns with whether or not a psychological instrument is predictive of important life outcomes such as school grades or job performance? Select one: a. Reliability b. Construct Validity c. Criterion Validity d. Content Validity

Criterion Validity

The 'third variable problem' in an experimental context refers to ________ Select one: a. Missing moderato b. Measurement confound c. A third independent variable d. Design confound

Design confound

In an experiment drug trial where the researcher randomly assigns the participants different dosages of a drug in order to examine its subsequent effects on mental health, what is the manipulated variable? Select one: a. Patient's age b. Drug dosage c. Mental health of patient d. Hypothesis

Drug dosage

Which type of validity is relevant for frequency claims? (Select all that apply) Select one or more: a. Construct validity b. External validity c. Internal validity d. Statistical validity

External Validity & N/A (i think maybe its statistical but not sure)

Which claim below is an association claim? Select one: a. Most people are happy b. There are more happy people than unhappy people. c. Money makes you happy d. Happy people tend to have more money

Happy people tend to have more money

An in-person IRB meeting would be required for all of the following studies except: Select one: a. A confidential study examining eating patterns of newborns. b. A confidential study examining sexual behavior in people with a disability c. An anonymous survey asking whether students want the campus mascot to be changed d. An anonymous survey looking at gang behavior in recent parolees

An anonymous survey asking whether students want the campus mascot to be changed

Select all the negative correlation from below: Select one or more: a. Shoe size and foot size b. Sociability and talkativeness c. Education and likelihood of unemployment d. Caffeine intake and energy level

Caffeine intake and energy level

RESEARCH STUDY: Joan is reading his morning paper and sees the following headline: "Violent video games makes boys more aggressive." In the study, children were placed in a lab to play violent games. Boys who played violent video games became noticeably more aggressive after whereas girls showed no change in behavior after playing the same violent video games. What type of claim is made in the article title? Select one: a. Association claim b. Causal claim c. Correlational claim d. Frequency claim

Causal claim

RESEARCH STUDY: Dr. Jones is interested in testing the 'midlife crisis' theory of personality development where it is theorized that people reach a 'midlife crisis' during their 40s and becomes increasingly self-centered (i.e., narcissistic). To test this theory, she conducted a study comparing the level of narcissism in adults in their 40's compared to individual in other developmental stages of their lives. Dr. Jones found no differences in narcissism between adults in their 40's than younger (or older) people. Select one: a. Hypothesis b. Theory c. Data d. Conclusion e. Research Question

Hypothesis

Which of the following research practice is NOT considered a violation fo the principles of research ethics derived from the Belmont Report? Select one: a. Fail to consider the societal benefits of research b. Ignore participants' health and wellbeing c. Exploit people from compromised populations d. Hypothesizing after results are known

Hypothesizing after results are known

RESEARCH STUDY: Joan is reading his morning paper and sees the following headline: "Violent video games makes boys more aggressive." In the study, children were placed in a lab to play violent games. Boys who played violent video games became noticeably more aggressive after whereas girls showed no change in behavior after playing the same violent video games. A reviewer examines this research and wonders: "does the violent video games really cause boys to be more aggressive?" Select one: a. Construct validity b. External validity c. Statistcal validity d. Internal validity

Internal validity

Which of the following is NOT a suitable reason to use a debrief form? Select one: a. It allows researchers to make research an informative experience for the participant. b. It informs participants about the purpose of any deception involved in the study. c. It prevents researchers from being sued d. It gives participants some insight into the research process

It prevents researchers from being sued

Which of the following is NOT true of the Institutional Review Board? Select one: a. It uses the same standardized set of forms and procedures across institutions b. It is individually housed in research institutions such as universities and research hospitals c. it is composed of members from different research and non-research backgrounds d. It is responsible for interpreting ethical principles and ensure that research using human subjects are conducted ethically

It uses the same standardized set of forms and procedures across institutions

RESEARCH STUDY: Joan is reading his morning paper and sees the following headline: "Violent video games makes boys more aggressive." In the study, children were placed in a lab to play violent games. Boys who played violent video games became noticeably more aggressive after whereas girls showed no change in behavior after playing the same violent video games. How many manipulated variables were there in the study? Select one: a. 2 b. 0 c. 3 d. 1

N/A (not 2)

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1: Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Rodriquez gives the measure to a group of participants on the first day of the semester and again on the last day of the semester. Dr. Rodriquez is examining the scatterplot of the data she collected on the first day of the semester and the last day of the semester. On the scatterplot, she sees that the dots are very close to forming a diagonal line. This indicates which of the following? a. Divergent validity b. A strong relationship c. A nonrelationship d. Internal consistency

N/A (not Internal)

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1: Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Rodriquez analyzes the data she gets from her students. She looks at the relationship between each of the individual questions. She sees that participants who agree with Question 1 also agree with Question 3 and disagree with Question 2. This is a test of which of the following? a. Divergent validity b. Internal consistency c. Convergent validity d. Interrater reliability e. Test-retest reliability

N/A (not Interrater)

James is asked about the best way to study for an exam. He responds that the best way to study is by making flash cards. He easily thinks of all the times he used flash cards and he made As. However, he fails to take into consideration all the times he made As and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well. His faulty thinking is an example of: a.Present bias b.Intuition-based bias c.Availability heuristic d.Belief in authority

N/A (not availability heuristic)

What makes scientific journals unique from other publication outlets (e.g., popular press, books, blogs)? Select one: a. Scientific journals are free to read. b. Scientific journals are peer-reviewed c. Scientific journals are written by scientists d. Scientific journals are based on experiments

N/A (not d.)

Which of the following characteristic of psychological measurement is true? Select one: a. Every measure is an operationalization of only one construct b. There is a single best operationalization for any given construct c. There are many operationalizations for a single construct d. There is one operationalization for one construct.

There are many operationalizations for a single construct

RESEARCH STUDY 3.3: Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced. I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish is also curious about the study, asking, "I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem. Could you predict one from the other?" Manish's concern is addressing which of the following? a. Study's construct validity b. Study's external validity c. Study's statistical validity d. Study's internal validity

N/A (not internal)

Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research? a. Administering a personality inventory b. Reading an article in the journal "Psychological Science" c. Participating in a SONA experiment d. Treating a patient with depression e. Writing a blog article for Buzzfeed

N/A (not participating in a SONA)

You submit a study for approval by the IRB, and they tell you that written informed consent is required. Which of the following can be excluded from your informed consent document? Select one: a. Statements regarding data confidentiality b. Statement of risks and benefits c. Research hypotheses d. Overview of study procedures

Research hypotheses

How does research overcome the problem of confounds? a. Research combines data across diverse individuals b. Research systematically compares multiple conditions c. Research focuses on one possible explanations for the results d. Research uses intuition to detect potential confounds

Research systematically compares multiple conditions

Which of the following is NOT a principle in the ethical research using animals? Select one: a. Reduction b. Replacement c. Refinement d. Retention

Retention

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other? Select one: a. The importance versus the significance of the research b. Type-I versus Type-II error rate c. Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained form the research d. The importance versus financial cost of the research project

Risk to the participants versus value of the knowledge gained form the research

Which of the following is a operational variable? Select one: a. Emotional Intelligence b. Neuroticism c. Wealth d. Salary

Salary

RESEARCH STUDY: Joan is reading his morning paper and sees the following headline: "Violent video games makes boys more aggressive." In the study, children were placed in a lab to play violent games. Boys who played violent video games became noticeably more aggressive after whereas girls showed no change in behavior after playing the same violent video games. Which of the following is a variable in the study? Select one: a. Number of participants b. Time spent playing the game c. Sex of the participant d. Violence of the video game

Sex of the participant

RESEARCH STUDY: Dr. Jones is interested in testing the 'midlife crisis' theory of personality development where it is theorized that people reach a 'midlife crisis' during their 40s and becomes increasingly self-centered (i.e., narcissistic). To test this theory, she conducted a study comparing the level of narcissism in adults in their 40's compared to individual in other developmental stages of their lives. Dr. Jones found no differences in narcissism between adults in their 40's than younger (or older) people. After this research, which of the following is not an example of scientists 'digging deeper' Select one: a. Use a different research design to test the same hypotheses b. Evaluate an alternative theory of midlife crisis c. Attempt the same study again to see fi the results are replicated d. Speak to journalists about the importance of the midlife crisis

Speak to journalists about the importance of the midlife crisis

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced. I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish is also curious about the study, asking, "I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem. Could you predict one from the other?" Clarissa's concern is addressing which of the following? a. Study's construct validity b. Study's external validity c. Study's internal validity d. Study's statistical validity

Study's construct validity

RESEARCH STUDY 3.3: Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced. I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish is also curious about the study, asking, "I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem. Could you predict one from the other?" Quinn's concern is addressing which of the following? a. Study's construct validity b. Study's external validity c. Study's statistical validity d. Study's internal validity

Study's external validity

The aim of the Tuskegee study was to examine which disease? Select one: a. Syphilis b. HIV c. Smallpox d. Tuberculosis

Syphilis

RESEARCH STUDY: Dr. Jones is interested in testing the 'midlife crisis' theory of personality development where it is theorized that people reach a 'midlife crisis' during their 40s and becomes increasingly self-centered (i.e., narcissistic). To test this theory, she conducted a study comparing the level of narcissism in adults in their 40's compared to individual in other developmental stages of their lives. Dr. Jones found no differences in narcissism between adults in their 40's than younger (or older) people. Select one: a. The midlife crisis theory must be false. b. No conclusion of any kind can be made c. The theory of midlife must be revised d. She can conclude that people become more narcissistic as they age

The theory of midlife must be revised

Which ethical issue was in question in the Milgram shock study? Select one: a. They caused permanent harm to the participants by shocking them. b. They did not obtain IRB approval to conduct their study c. They falsified their results. d. They did not adequately balance the harm and benefits of the study

They did not adequately balance the harm and benefits of the study

What is the best place to access an electronic copy of a scientific article? Select one or more: a. LSU's Electronic Database b. Web of Science c. Local Library d. Google Scholar

a. LSU's Electronic Database

People who overly scrutinize evidence that contradicts their existing beliefs are engaging in: Select one: a.Hubris b.Availability heuristic c.Overconfidence d.Confirmation bias

d. Confirmation bias

In the experiment on catharsis and aggression described in Chapter 2, what did the research conclude? Select one: a. That cathartic experiences decreases aggression b. That taking out your anger on the person who upset you is the best way to relax c. That cathartic experiences lower people's stress levels d. That cathartic experiences increases aggression

d. That cathartic experiences increases aggression

Which of the following statements are true regarding scientific journal articles? Select one: a. They are all written by people with PhDs b. They are all free to access for the public c. They are all written in English d. They are all peer-reviewed

d. They are all peer-reviewed

Todd is studying the effect of popularity on academic success for his research methods project. He decides to measure popularity by asking each elementary school student to tell him how many friends he or she has. He assumes that more friends means the student is more popular. Which of the following best describes this variable? a. Other report variable b. Categorical variable c.A qualitative variable d.A ratio scale of measurement

d. a ratio scale of measurement

Which of the following correlation would allow for most accurate predictions? Select one: a. all correlations are equally useful for making accurate predictions . b. r = -0.65 c. r = 0.45 d. r = -0.25

r = -0.65

In theory-data cycle ,theories first lead to ____________

research questions