Psych 581 Quiz 8
What should you do if the child in time-out is engaging in problem behaviors are the end of the time-out period?
Add a contingent delay until they stop so the behavior isn't negatively reinforced
What is the typical duration of the time-out period?
1-10 minutes
In response cost, what happens after the occurrence of the problem behavior?
A specified amount of reinforcer is removed
In response cost, if you cannot remove the reinforcer immediately after the problem behavior, what should you do immediately after the problem behavior occurs?
An immediate consequence should still occur, like a statement saying what they will later lose
Sunny cried and screamed when her mom was on the phone, and her mom usually got off the phone right away to see what's wrong, calm Sunny down, and comfort her. To try to get Sunny to stop screaming and crying when she was on the phone, the mom walked away from Sunny whenever she started to scream and cry. What procedure was used?
Extinction
______ involves withholding the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs, and _____ involves removing a reinforcer when the behavior occurs.
Extinction negative punishment
Punishment procedures are typically used in behavior modification only after what procedures have been used first?
Functional non-aversive interventions
Identify one of the five problems associated with the use of punishment
It may produce elicited aggression or other emotional side effects
For time-out to be effective, what should the time-in environment be like?
It should consist of positively reinforcing activities or interactions
Time-out and response cost are examples of which type of punishment?
Negative punishment
Time-out is not an appropriate procedure to use with problem behaviors maintained by what type of reinforcement?
Negative reinforcement or sensory stimulation
______ is considered a generalized conditioned reinforcer
No
Time-out is an appropriate procedure to use with problem behaviors maintained by what type of reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement that's social or tangible
_____ is defined as the process in which a behavior is followed by a consequence and as a result the behavior is less likely to occur in the future.
Punishment
Sunny cried and screamed when her mom was on the phone, and her mom usually got off the phone right away to see what's wrong, calm Sunny down, and comfort her. To try to get Sunny to stop screaming and crying when she was on the phone, the mom took away Sunny's favorite doll whenever she started to scream or cry. What procedure was used?
Response cost
_______ is defined as the removal of a specified amount of a reinforcer contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior
Response cost
With the use of time-out, what happens after the occurrence of the problem behavior?
The person loses access to positive reinforcers for a brief amount of time
Sunny cried and screamed when her mom was on the phone, and her mom usually got off the phone right away to see what's wrong, calm Sunny down, and comfort her. To try to get Sunny to stop screaming and crying when she was on the phone, the mom had Sunny sit in her room by herself whenever she started to scream and cry. What procedure was used?
Time-out
_______ is defined as the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time contingent on the problem behavior
Time-out
The stimulus that is applied after the behavior in positive punishment is a(n)
aversive stimuli
Positive punishment involves the presentation of a(n) ________ after the behavior
aversive stimulus
When a stimulus is paired with a punisher, it becomes a ______ punisher
conditioned
A ________ procedure should always be used in conjunction with response cost.
differential reinforcement
A ________ procedure should always be used in conjunction with time-out
differential reinforcement
A(n) _________ is an event or condition that makes a consequence more effective as a punisher
establishing operation
When Betty hits another child in the kindergarten classroom, she had to sit in the hallway for 2 minutes. As a result, she was less likely to hit other children. What type of time-out is illustrated in this example?
exclusionary
The problem behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequence that maintained the behavior
extinction
In a(n) ______ procedure, the reinforcer for the problem behavior is withheld after the behavior, and in a(n) ________ procedure, a reinforcer the person already possesses is removed
extinction negative punishment
Provide an example of an unconditioned punisher
extreme heat/cold
If punishment is applied on an intermittent schedule, it is _______ (more/less) likely to be effective
less
In punishment a behavior is followed by a consequence and as a result the behavior is _____ likely to occur in the future.
less
If the time-in environment is highly reinforcing, time-out is likely to be _____ (more/less) effective
more
People who experience or observe punishment are ______(more/less) likely to use punishment themselves
more
A child holds a baseball card out the window as he is riding in a car, and the card flies away. As a result, he never holds a baseball card out the window of a car again. This is an example of ______ punishment
negative
If punishment is used in behavior modification, _______ (positive/negative) punishment is more likely to be used
negative
Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost are examples of _______ punishment
negative
Billy hit his sister and his mom took away his allowance for a week. As a result, he stopped hitting his sister
negative punishment
Involves the removal of a reinforcer after the behavior
negative punishment
Francine had a bad rash that itches terribly. When she scratches it, the itch goes away. As a result, she frequently scratches her rash
negative reinforcement
Involves the removal of an aversive stimulus after the behavior
negative reinforcement
The use of punishment is ______ (positively/negatively) reinforcing to the person implementing it.
negatively
When Betty hits another child in the kindergarten classroom, she had to sit in a chair off to the side of the classroom for 2 minutes. As a result, she was less likely to hit other children. What type of time-out is illustrated in this example?
non-exclusionary
What are two types of time-out?
non-exclusionary and exclusionary
A child sticks her finger in an electrical socket and gets shocked. As a result the child never sticks her finger in an electrical socket again. This is an example of _______ punishment
positive
______ punishment involves the presentation of an aversive stimulus after the behavior, ________ punishment involves the removal of a reinforcing stimulus after the behavior.
positive negative
Involves the delivery of an aversive stimulus after the behavior
positive punishment
Alice climbed a fence to get into an apple orchard. The fence was electrified and gave her a shock. As a result, she climbs fences frequently
positive reinforcement
Involves the delivery of a reinforcer after the behavior
positive reinforcement
In positive punishment, a stimulus is ______ following a behavior
presented
A _______ is a consequence that follows a behavior and makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future
punisher
The stimulus that is removed after a behavior in negative punishment is a(n)
reinforcing stimuli
Negative punishment involves the removal of a(n) ________ after the behavior
reinforcing stimulus
In negative punishment, a stimulus is ______ following the behavior
removed
Negative punishment involves _______ (removing/withholding) a reinforcer when the behavior occurs, and extinction involves ________ (removing/withholding) the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs.
removing withholding
A specified amount of a reinforcer the person already possesses is removed after the occurrence of the behavior
response cost
What procedure is the government using when it fines you for breaking the law (e.g. speeding) in an attempt to get you to stop breaking the law?
response cost
Provide an example of a common conditioned punisher
threats of harm
The person is removed from access to all sources of reinforcement contingent on the problem behavior
time-out
Painful stimuli or extreme levels of stimulation are ______ punisher
unconditioned
Punishment is a process that ______ behavior and reinforcement is a process that ______ behavior
weakens strengthens