Psych 581 Quiz 8

What should you do if the child in time-out is engaging in problem behaviors are the end of the time-out period?

Add a contingent delay until they stop so the behavior isn't negatively reinforced

What is the typical duration of the time-out period?

1-10 minutes

In response cost, what happens after the occurrence of the problem behavior?

A specified amount of reinforcer is removed

In response cost, if you cannot remove the reinforcer immediately after the problem behavior, what should you do immediately after the problem behavior occurs?

An immediate consequence should still occur, like a statement saying what they will later lose

Sunny cried and screamed when her mom was on the phone, and her mom usually got off the phone right away to see what's wrong, calm Sunny down, and comfort her. To try to get Sunny to stop screaming and crying when she was on the phone, the mom walked away from Sunny whenever she started to scream and cry. What procedure was used?

Extinction

______ involves withholding the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs, and _____ involves removing a reinforcer when the behavior occurs.

Extinction negative punishment

Punishment procedures are typically used in behavior modification only after what procedures have been used first?

Functional non-aversive interventions

Identify one of the five problems associated with the use of punishment

It may produce elicited aggression or other emotional side effects

For time-out to be effective, what should the time-in environment be like?

It should consist of positively reinforcing activities or interactions

Time-out and response cost are examples of which type of punishment?

Negative punishment

Time-out is not an appropriate procedure to use with problem behaviors maintained by what type of reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement or sensory stimulation

______ is considered a generalized conditioned reinforcer

No

Time-out is an appropriate procedure to use with problem behaviors maintained by what type of reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement that's social or tangible

_____ is defined as the process in which a behavior is followed by a consequence and as a result the behavior is less likely to occur in the future.

Punishment

Sunny cried and screamed when her mom was on the phone, and her mom usually got off the phone right away to see what's wrong, calm Sunny down, and comfort her. To try to get Sunny to stop screaming and crying when she was on the phone, the mom took away Sunny's favorite doll whenever she started to scream or cry. What procedure was used?

Response cost

_______ is defined as the removal of a specified amount of a reinforcer contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior

Response cost

With the use of time-out, what happens after the occurrence of the problem behavior?

The person loses access to positive reinforcers for a brief amount of time

Sunny cried and screamed when her mom was on the phone, and her mom usually got off the phone right away to see what's wrong, calm Sunny down, and comfort her. To try to get Sunny to stop screaming and crying when she was on the phone, the mom had Sunny sit in her room by herself whenever she started to scream and cry. What procedure was used?

Time-out

_______ is defined as the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time contingent on the problem behavior

Time-out

The stimulus that is applied after the behavior in positive punishment is a(n)

aversive stimuli

Positive punishment involves the presentation of a(n) ________ after the behavior

aversive stimulus

When a stimulus is paired with a punisher, it becomes a ______ punisher

conditioned

A ________ procedure should always be used in conjunction with response cost.

differential reinforcement

A ________ procedure should always be used in conjunction with time-out

differential reinforcement

A(n) _________ is an event or condition that makes a consequence more effective as a punisher

establishing operation

When Betty hits another child in the kindergarten classroom, she had to sit in the hallway for 2 minutes. As a result, she was less likely to hit other children. What type of time-out is illustrated in this example?

exclusionary

The problem behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequence that maintained the behavior

extinction

In a(n) ______ procedure, the reinforcer for the problem behavior is withheld after the behavior, and in a(n) ________ procedure, a reinforcer the person already possesses is removed

extinction negative punishment

Provide an example of an unconditioned punisher

extreme heat/cold

If punishment is applied on an intermittent schedule, it is _______ (more/less) likely to be effective

less

In punishment a behavior is followed by a consequence and as a result the behavior is _____ likely to occur in the future.

less

If the time-in environment is highly reinforcing, time-out is likely to be _____ (more/less) effective

more

People who experience or observe punishment are ______(more/less) likely to use punishment themselves

more

A child holds a baseball card out the window as he is riding in a car, and the card flies away. As a result, he never holds a baseball card out the window of a car again. This is an example of ______ punishment

negative

If punishment is used in behavior modification, _______ (positive/negative) punishment is more likely to be used

negative

Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost are examples of _______ punishment

negative

Billy hit his sister and his mom took away his allowance for a week. As a result, he stopped hitting his sister

negative punishment

Involves the removal of a reinforcer after the behavior

negative punishment

Francine had a bad rash that itches terribly. When she scratches it, the itch goes away. As a result, she frequently scratches her rash

negative reinforcement

Involves the removal of an aversive stimulus after the behavior

negative reinforcement

The use of punishment is ______ (positively/negatively) reinforcing to the person implementing it.

negatively

When Betty hits another child in the kindergarten classroom, she had to sit in a chair off to the side of the classroom for 2 minutes. As a result, she was less likely to hit other children. What type of time-out is illustrated in this example?

non-exclusionary

What are two types of time-out?

non-exclusionary and exclusionary

A child sticks her finger in an electrical socket and gets shocked. As a result the child never sticks her finger in an electrical socket again. This is an example of _______ punishment

positive

______ punishment involves the presentation of an aversive stimulus after the behavior, ________ punishment involves the removal of a reinforcing stimulus after the behavior.

positive negative

Involves the delivery of an aversive stimulus after the behavior

positive punishment

Alice climbed a fence to get into an apple orchard. The fence was electrified and gave her a shock. As a result, she climbs fences frequently

positive reinforcement

Involves the delivery of a reinforcer after the behavior

positive reinforcement

In positive punishment, a stimulus is ______ following a behavior

presented

A _______ is a consequence that follows a behavior and makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future

punisher

The stimulus that is removed after a behavior in negative punishment is a(n)

reinforcing stimuli

Negative punishment involves the removal of a(n) ________ after the behavior

reinforcing stimulus

In negative punishment, a stimulus is ______ following the behavior

removed

Negative punishment involves _______ (removing/withholding) a reinforcer when the behavior occurs, and extinction involves ________ (removing/withholding) the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs.

removing withholding

A specified amount of a reinforcer the person already possesses is removed after the occurrence of the behavior

response cost

What procedure is the government using when it fines you for breaking the law (e.g. speeding) in an attempt to get you to stop breaking the law?

response cost

Provide an example of a common conditioned punisher

threats of harm

The person is removed from access to all sources of reinforcement contingent on the problem behavior

time-out

Painful stimuli or extreme levels of stimulation are ______ punisher

unconditioned

Punishment is a process that ______ behavior and reinforcement is a process that ______ behavior

weakens strengthens