Psych: Ch. 13

_______ is social behavior that has a goal of harming someone.

aggression

Aggression is a social behavior that

aims to harm others

The peripheral route of the elaboration likelihood model involves non-message factors such as

credibility of source emotional appeals attractiveness of source

___________ is an area of social psychology that studies how individuals think within social situations.

Social cognition

_________ is the way people define themselves in relation to group membership.

Social identity

According to research, which of the following produces the greatest risk of death?

Social isolation

_______ is the male hormone related to aggression.

Testosterone

Which of the following best describes social exchange theory?

The equity in a relationship

True or false: People are altruistic out of a selfish interest in helping someone else.

false

True or false: Research on rats and other animals has shown testosterone relates to aggression. Results with humans indicate a definitive relationship between levels of testosterone and aggressive behavior.

false

True or false: When considering attitude change, the source of the message is the only important variable.

false

The genetic basis for aggression states that _______ are important in understanding the biological basis of aggression.

genes

Cognitive dissonance is the conflict that occurs when a person

holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts.

Social cognition is an area of social psychology that studies

how people think in social situations.

In social facilitation, the arousal produced by the presence of others tends to give people energy and can lead to a(n) ____ performance on well-learned tasks.

improved

Social facilitation is the ________ in an individual's performance because of the presence of others.

improvement

To reduce dissonance by rationalizing the amount of effort we put into something is called effort ______ .

justification

To reduce dissonance by rationalizing the amount of effort we put into something is called effort ______.

justification

The bystander effect makes it (less/more) likely an individual will help someone in need when other people are around.

less

The bystander effect makes it ______ likely an individual will help someone in need when other people are around.

less

The central route of the elaboration likelihood model works by engaging someone thoughtfully with a

logical argument.

Aggression, like other social behaviors, has _____ determinant(s).

multiple

______ is behavior that complies with the explicit demand of the individual in authority.

obedience

_______ is behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority.

obedience

The two main types of love are ______ and companionate.

passionate

The two main types of love are:

passionate and companionate

The tendency to take credit for our successes and to deny responsibility for our failures is

self-serving bias.

The concept of consensual validation explains why people tend to be attracted to others due to

similarity

The central question in making an attribution is whether the cause of behavior is due to ______ or ______ factors.

situational; dispositional

_______ _______ is the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

social psychology

A _____ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.

stereotype

Pam's new friend is a librarian so Pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and probably a vegetarian. Pam's thinking on this describes

stereotyping.

Self-serving bias is the tendency to

take credit for successes and deny responsibility for failures

The field of social psychology emerged in the years after

the U.S. Civil War

An individual is more likely to be persuaded if

the individual feels a similarity with the person delivering the message the individual has weak attitudes about the topic the message is delivered through television or video rather than print

What is the definition of social psychology?

the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

True or false: Individuals who participate in more diverse social networks live longer than those with a smaller group of social relationships.

true

True or false: Many experts insist that TV violence can prompt aggressive or antisocial behavior in children.

true

True or false: Twin studies suggest that a tendency to show unprovoked aggression may more influenced by genes, whereas reactive aggressive is more susceptible to environmental effects.

true

The elaboration likelihood model theory identifies ____ ways by which a message can be persuasive.

two

Which of the following statements describes conformity?

A change in behavior brought about in order to follow the standards of others

_______ is the reduction of personal identity when an individual is a part of a group.

Deindividuation

According to social exchange theory, what is the most important predictor of a relationship's success?

Equity

Identify the five types of social identity.

Vocations and avocations Personal relationships Ethnicity and religion Stigmatized groups Political affiliation

Which of the following statements describes the outcome of the Robbers Cave experiment?

When groups were required to work cooperatively to solve problems, positive relationships developed.

Which of the following are factors that make it more likely you will be attracted to somebody?

You've seen the person around a lot Similarities Physical attractiveness Close proximity

______ is an unselfish interest in helping someone else.

altruism

Social loafing occurs when:

an individual exerts less effort in a group because of decreased individual accountability

Cognitive dissonance is

an individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

Social thinking involves not only perceptions and attributions but also ______ which are opinions and beliefs, about people, objects, and ideas, or, simply put, how we feel about things.

attitudes

_______ are opinions and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas.

attitudes

_______ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what are the specific causes of that person's behavior.

attribution

According to self-perception theory, individuals often make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own

behavior

The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion includes the ______ route and the ______ route.

central; peripheral

The emergence of social psychology can be traced back to the years after the ________ war.

civil

We all adhere to the rules and norms of society to some degree. The fact that we attend work or school clothed, rather than nude, is an example of ________ .

conformity

Social loafing occurs when an individual exerts less effort in a group because of the ______ accountability for individual effort.

decreased

The term ________ is used to describe what occurs when being part of a group erodes personal identity and diminishes personal responsibility.

deindividuation

Psychologists have used the concept of ________ _______ to explain an individual's strong feelings of loyalty toward a group after enduring difficult or unpleasant initiation rites.

effort justification

The elaboration likelihood model states that _______ occurs through either a central route or a peripheral route.

persuasion

In a study now called the ______ ______ experiment, researchers discovered that when groups of boys at camp were required to work cooperatively, positive relationships emerged.

robbers cave

The theory that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own behaviors is called

self-perception.