Psych: Ch. 13
_______ is social behavior that has a goal of harming someone.
aggression
Aggression is a social behavior that
aims to harm others
The peripheral route of the elaboration likelihood model involves non-message factors such as
credibility of source emotional appeals attractiveness of source
___________ is an area of social psychology that studies how individuals think within social situations.
Social cognition
_________ is the way people define themselves in relation to group membership.
Social identity
According to research, which of the following produces the greatest risk of death?
Social isolation
_______ is the male hormone related to aggression.
Testosterone
Which of the following best describes social exchange theory?
The equity in a relationship
True or false: People are altruistic out of a selfish interest in helping someone else.
false
True or false: Research on rats and other animals has shown testosterone relates to aggression. Results with humans indicate a definitive relationship between levels of testosterone and aggressive behavior.
false
True or false: When considering attitude change, the source of the message is the only important variable.
false
The genetic basis for aggression states that _______ are important in understanding the biological basis of aggression.
genes
Cognitive dissonance is the conflict that occurs when a person
holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts.
Social cognition is an area of social psychology that studies
how people think in social situations.
In social facilitation, the arousal produced by the presence of others tends to give people energy and can lead to a(n) ____ performance on well-learned tasks.
improved
Social facilitation is the ________ in an individual's performance because of the presence of others.
improvement
To reduce dissonance by rationalizing the amount of effort we put into something is called effort ______ .
justification
To reduce dissonance by rationalizing the amount of effort we put into something is called effort ______.
justification
The bystander effect makes it (less/more) likely an individual will help someone in need when other people are around.
less
The bystander effect makes it ______ likely an individual will help someone in need when other people are around.
less
The central route of the elaboration likelihood model works by engaging someone thoughtfully with a
logical argument.
Aggression, like other social behaviors, has _____ determinant(s).
multiple
______ is behavior that complies with the explicit demand of the individual in authority.
obedience
_______ is behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority.
obedience
The two main types of love are ______ and companionate.
passionate
The two main types of love are:
passionate and companionate
The tendency to take credit for our successes and to deny responsibility for our failures is
self-serving bias.
The concept of consensual validation explains why people tend to be attracted to others due to
similarity
The central question in making an attribution is whether the cause of behavior is due to ______ or ______ factors.
situational; dispositional
_______ _______ is the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.
social psychology
A _____ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.
stereotype
Pam's new friend is a librarian so Pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and probably a vegetarian. Pam's thinking on this describes
stereotyping.
Self-serving bias is the tendency to
take credit for successes and deny responsibility for failures
The field of social psychology emerged in the years after
the U.S. Civil War
An individual is more likely to be persuaded if
the individual feels a similarity with the person delivering the message the individual has weak attitudes about the topic the message is delivered through television or video rather than print
What is the definition of social psychology?
the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people
True or false: Individuals who participate in more diverse social networks live longer than those with a smaller group of social relationships.
true
True or false: Many experts insist that TV violence can prompt aggressive or antisocial behavior in children.
true
True or false: Twin studies suggest that a tendency to show unprovoked aggression may more influenced by genes, whereas reactive aggressive is more susceptible to environmental effects.
true
The elaboration likelihood model theory identifies ____ ways by which a message can be persuasive.
two
Which of the following statements describes conformity?
A change in behavior brought about in order to follow the standards of others
_______ is the reduction of personal identity when an individual is a part of a group.
Deindividuation
According to social exchange theory, what is the most important predictor of a relationship's success?
Equity
Identify the five types of social identity.
Vocations and avocations Personal relationships Ethnicity and religion Stigmatized groups Political affiliation
Which of the following statements describes the outcome of the Robbers Cave experiment?
When groups were required to work cooperatively to solve problems, positive relationships developed.
Which of the following are factors that make it more likely you will be attracted to somebody?
You've seen the person around a lot Similarities Physical attractiveness Close proximity
______ is an unselfish interest in helping someone else.
altruism
Social loafing occurs when:
an individual exerts less effort in a group because of decreased individual accountability
Cognitive dissonance is
an individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.
Social thinking involves not only perceptions and attributions but also ______ which are opinions and beliefs, about people, objects, and ideas, or, simply put, how we feel about things.
attitudes
_______ are opinions and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas.
attitudes
_______ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what are the specific causes of that person's behavior.
attribution
According to self-perception theory, individuals often make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own
behavior
The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion includes the ______ route and the ______ route.
central; peripheral
The emergence of social psychology can be traced back to the years after the ________ war.
civil
We all adhere to the rules and norms of society to some degree. The fact that we attend work or school clothed, rather than nude, is an example of ________ .
conformity
Social loafing occurs when an individual exerts less effort in a group because of the ______ accountability for individual effort.
decreased
The term ________ is used to describe what occurs when being part of a group erodes personal identity and diminishes personal responsibility.
deindividuation
Psychologists have used the concept of ________ _______ to explain an individual's strong feelings of loyalty toward a group after enduring difficult or unpleasant initiation rites.
effort justification
The elaboration likelihood model states that _______ occurs through either a central route or a peripheral route.
persuasion
In a study now called the ______ ______ experiment, researchers discovered that when groups of boys at camp were required to work cooperatively, positive relationships emerged.
robbers cave
The theory that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own behaviors is called
self-perception.