psych chapter 14 and 15 quiz answers

hassles

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

A psychological disorder is a ________.

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

social support

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

seasonal pattern

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

asthma

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

less stress than someone who has no effective options

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesnâ t feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

psychotic

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

severe depressive symptoms

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

problem-focused

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

episodic

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Coleâ s major depressive disorder is ________?

posttraumatic stress

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

physiological

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

somatic

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boyâ s pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

fugue

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

bodys physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

challenge; threat

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

fight-or-flight

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

manic

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she canâ t afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

posttraumatic stress disorder

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she canâ t stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

chronic

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

B

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

safety behaviors

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

narcissistic

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

negative

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

co-occurrence of two disorders

What is comorbidity?

the cause of a disorder

What is meant by the term etiology?

the death of a spouse

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

a feeling that ones life has meaning and value

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

orbitofrontal cortex

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

anger/hostility

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

positive psychology

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

becoming split off, or separated, from ones core sense of self

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

buying a new home

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about itâ "this leads her to become depressed.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

job strain

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

dopamine and serotonin

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Holmes and Rahe

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

coping

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

lymphocytes

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the bodyâ s immune system are called ________.

Anxiety

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Flow

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they lose themselves in the activity.

Biofeedback

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a personâ s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Distress

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Eustress

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

avoidant personality disorder

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didnâ t go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

cognitive

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

obsessive-compulsive

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

borderline personality disorder

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

agoraphobia

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

95

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

supernatural

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

biological

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

immunosuppression

The process by which ones physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

transcendental meditation

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

75,000

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.