Psych Final
Which of the following is a belief of the psychodynamic perspective on personality?
The enduring patterns that make up personality are largely unavailable to an individual's conscious awareness
Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory?
self-concept
According to attribution theory, attributions very long which of the following dimensions?
Internal and external causes
According to Freud, the ego
Deals with the demands of reality
Welma is unable to except the fact that she has been diagnosed with lung cancer. She refuses treatment despite her families attempts to convince her. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Welma is unconsciously engaging in a defense mechanism called
Denial
In the context of social cultural factors predicting prosocial behavior, Eagly and Crowley (1986) noted that men are more likely than women to
Help in situations in which a perceived danger is present
In the context of the techniques of persuasion, the peripheral route
Involves factors such as the attractiveness of the person giving the message
According to the Freudian structures of personality, which of the following statements is true of the super ego?
It does not consider reality
The trait approach to personality has been faulted for
Missing the importance of situational factors of personality and behavior
Projective test are most closely aligned with which theoretical approach to personality?
Psychodynamic
According to the five factor model of personality, which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience?
Sarah, who resigned from her well-paid job and sets up her own business
Which of the following is a criticism of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Sexuality is not the pervasive force behind personality that Freud believed it to be
Jeff has been extremely aggressive since childhood. He pursues a career in boxing, which provides a socially acceptable channel to express his aggression. This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism called
Sublimation
Which of the following is true of the Rorschach ink blot test?
The test does not meet certain criteria of reliability and validity.
Which of the following is true of the trait theories personality?
They stress that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses
According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the unconscious mind that is shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past is called the
collective unconscious
You conclude that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carl is currently working on a tight deadline project and is spending 100 hours per week at work. You are demonstrating the
fundamental attribution error
One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups
give people anonymity
Katie, who is moderately liberal, attends a very liberal college. After four years at this college, Katie is likely to become more liberal as a result of
group polarization
Kathy is a member of the VNoltAll group And college. She usually follows her group unconditionally because she wants to be right, and she believes that the other members of her group are likely to know something that she does not. In this scenario, Kathy's behavior best exemplifies
informational social influence
Jack and John were recently dumped by their girlfriends. Jack believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she was selfish and I'm happy, where is John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to a family emergency and cannot make a commitment at the moment. Jack is making an __________ about his girlfriend's behavior, whereas John is making an ___________.
internal attribution; external attribution
Robert, a nine-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on TV. Last night, he used several of the aggressive wrestling moves on his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains Williams behavior?
observational learning
__________ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individuals membership in a particular group.
prejudice
According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as
reciprocal determinism
Matteo was bitten by a dog when he was two years old. As he grew up, he developed an intense fear of dogs. However, he did not remember when and why he started being afraid of dogs. According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism is Matteo exhibiting in this scenario?
repression
Parents were in a new babysitter that their son Dennis is very aggressive and mischievous. As a result of this initial expectations the babysitter start calling the child "Dennis the Menace "and he behaves in ways that elicit aggressive and mischievous behaviors from Dennis. This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called
self-fulfilling prophecy
Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?
self-fulfilling prophecy
The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and abilities in relation to others is known as
social comparison
Which of the following refers to each person's tendency to exert less effort in the group because of reduced accountability for individual effort?
social loafing
A ____________ is a generalization about a group's characteristic that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.
stereotype