Psych Final

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Which of the following is a belief of the psychodynamic perspective on personality?

The enduring patterns that make up personality are largely unavailable to an individual's conscious awareness

Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory?

self-concept

According to attribution theory, attributions very long which of the following dimensions?

Internal and external causes

According to Freud, the ego

Deals with the demands of reality

Welma is unable to except the fact that she has been diagnosed with lung cancer. She refuses treatment despite her families attempts to convince her. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Welma is unconsciously engaging in a defense mechanism called

Denial

In the context of social cultural factors predicting prosocial behavior, Eagly and Crowley (1986) noted that men are more likely than women to

Help in situations in which a perceived danger is present

In the context of the techniques of persuasion, the peripheral route

Involves factors such as the attractiveness of the person giving the message

According to the Freudian structures of personality, which of the following statements is true of the super ego?

It does not consider reality

The trait approach to personality has been faulted for

Missing the importance of situational factors of personality and behavior

Projective test are most closely aligned with which theoretical approach to personality?

Psychodynamic

According to the five factor model of personality, which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience?

Sarah, who resigned from her well-paid job and sets up her own business

Which of the following is a criticism of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Sexuality is not the pervasive force behind personality that Freud believed it to be

Jeff has been extremely aggressive since childhood. He pursues a career in boxing, which provides a socially acceptable channel to express his aggression. This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism called

Sublimation

Which of the following is true of the Rorschach ink blot test?

The test does not meet certain criteria of reliability and validity.

Which of the following is true of the trait theories personality?

They stress that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses

According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the unconscious mind that is shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past is called the

collective unconscious

You conclude that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carl is currently working on a tight deadline project and is spending 100 hours per week at work. You are demonstrating the

fundamental attribution error

One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups

give people anonymity

Katie, who is moderately liberal, attends a very liberal college. After four years at this college, Katie is likely to become more liberal as a result of

group polarization

Kathy is a member of the VNoltAll group And college. She usually follows her group unconditionally because she wants to be right, and she believes that the other members of her group are likely to know something that she does not. In this scenario, Kathy's behavior best exemplifies

informational social influence

Jack and John were recently dumped by their girlfriends. Jack believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she was selfish and I'm happy, where is John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to a family emergency and cannot make a commitment at the moment. Jack is making an __________ about his girlfriend's behavior, whereas John is making an ___________.

internal attribution; external attribution

Robert, a nine-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on TV. Last night, he used several of the aggressive wrestling moves on his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains Williams behavior?

observational learning

__________ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individuals membership in a particular group.

prejudice

According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as

reciprocal determinism

Matteo was bitten by a dog when he was two years old. As he grew up, he developed an intense fear of dogs. However, he did not remember when and why he started being afraid of dogs. According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism is Matteo exhibiting in this scenario?

repression

Parents were in a new babysitter that their son Dennis is very aggressive and mischievous. As a result of this initial expectations the babysitter start calling the child "Dennis the Menace "and he behaves in ways that elicit aggressive and mischievous behaviors from Dennis. This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called

self-fulfilling prophecy

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

self-fulfilling prophecy

The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and abilities in relation to others is known as

social comparison

Which of the following refers to each person's tendency to exert less effort in the group because of reduced accountability for individual effort?

social loafing

A ____________ is a generalization about a group's characteristic that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.

stereotype


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