Psychology 110-- Unit 3 Test
OCEAN
Five-Factor Model of Personality
Hassles
Little stressors, including the irritating demands that can occur daily, thatmay cause more stress than major life changes do.
IQ
Mental age/Chronological age x 100
General Adaptation Syndrome
Selye's model of the body's stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Libido
Sigmund Freud's terminology of sexual energy or sexual drive.
Uplifts
The positive experiences in life, which may neutralize the effects of many hassles.
heritability
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
Flynn Effect
The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.
Mental Age
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
Projective Test
a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
Achievement Test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
Aptitude Test
a test designed to predict a person's future performance
Convergent Thinking
a type of critical thinking in which one evaluates existing possible solutions to a problem to choose the best one
Divergent Thinking
a type of thinking that is associated with creativity - seeing lots of solutions to a problem
Oedipus Complex
according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Conscious
awake, able to think and understand
Neuroticism
characterized by anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable traits. Also involves negative emotionality
Conscientiousness
characterized by disciplined, well organized, punctual and dependable traits. Also involves constraint
Id- Pleasure Principle
contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the Please Principle, demanding immediate gratification.
Cultural Bias in Testing
critics of IQ tests say that because the IQ tests were created by white, middle class psychologists, they naturally draw on experience and knowledge typical of white middle class lifestyles
Superego
freud's term for the part of personality that is moral; popularly known as conscience
Infantile Sexuality
infants and young children have sexual needs and desires for the first 5 years most important for developing as an adult
Preconscious
level of consciousness that is outside awareness but contains feelings and memories that can easily be brought into conscious awareness
Sternberg's Triarchic Model
model pists the existence of three types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative intelligence.
Openness
one of the five factors; willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences
Frustration Agression Hypothesis
proposition that frustration always leads to some form of aggressive behavior
Norms
standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large, well-defined groups of people
Standardization
the act of checking or adjusting (by comparison with a standard) the accuracy of a measuring instrument
Psychosexual Stages
the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
Extraversion
the degree to which someone is active, assertive, gregarious, sociable, talkative, and energized by others
Agreeableness
the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting
Reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
Ego - Reality Principle
the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality- operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
Unconscious
the part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious processes and behaviors
Secondary Appraisal
the second step in assessing a threat, which involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor
Primary Appraisal
A cognitive evaluation of a potentially stressful event to determine whether its effect is positive, irrelevant, or negative.