psychology 17 & 18 worksheet

The oldest-old are individuals who are ________ years and older.

85

Uncle Roger tells you that he is a member of the "oldest-old" club when asked about age. Without knowing his exact age, you would know that Uncle Roger is at least ________ years old.

85

According to recent studies, which of the following is true of centenarians?

Chronic high-mortality diseases are markedly delayed for many years in centenarians.

Which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases?

Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome

Which of the following countries has the highest number of centenarians?

United States

Which of the following is true of attention?

When the two competing tasks are reasonably easy, age differences among adults are minimal or nonexistent.

Speed and accuracy of the processes involved in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization are components of

cognitive mechanics

The term Baltes uses to describe the "hardware" of the mind, meaning the neurophysiological architecture of the brain that was developed through evolution, is

cognitive mechanics

Remembering the name of a person's favorite toy from years ago when he or she was a child is an example of ________ memory.

episodic

Remembering where a person went on vacation last summer is an example of ________ memory.

episodic

Selective attention is ________, whereas divided attention is ________.

focusing on one thing; focusing on many things

Hashim, a 69-year-old, makes errors while performing tasks. He is unable to detect and correct the errors. He is also unable to deal effectively with difficult or novel circumstances. Given this information, it can be said that:

hashim has deficiencies in executive attention.

Allen can be described as an average American. He is currently 65 years old. He is likely to live 18.4 more years. Hence, it can be said that Allen has a ________ of 83.4 years.

life expectancy

According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to ________, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood.

reproductive fitness

An example of ________ attention is the ability to focus on one voice among many in a crowded room or a noisy restaurant.

selective

Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room. Despite the presence of many voices around him, Zack focuses on what Ben is saying. This is an example of ________ attention.

selective

The term ________ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant.

selective attention

A person's knowledge about the world is called ________ memory.

semantic

Frank, aged 67, recites a poem that he learned in grade school, much to the amazement of his grandchildren. This is an example of Frank's ________ memory.

semantic

Helen's knowledge of calculus and statistics is part of her ________ memory.

semantic

A recent study of older adults found that the greater the variability in their ________ attention, the more likely they were to experience falls.

sustained

________ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes.

telomeres

One factor that has contributed to the survival of centenarians is

their ability to cope effectively with stress.

Which of the following is a term used to describe sustained attention?

vigilance

According to Paul Baltes, which of the following is most likely to deteriorate as a person's age increases?

visual and motor memory