Psychology

Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that en... piano sounds. This best illustrates the impact of

plasticity

the central focal point in the reting where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the

Fovea

the distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ___ theory of dreams

Freud's wish-fulfillment

Which tube of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking

Frontal

A public intuition into adult responsibilities and status is called a

Rite of Passage

teenage girls are especially vulnerable to___ because of their lower levels of protective antibodies

STIs

Mr. Jen experiences distressing and recurrent urges to inflict suffering on other people in order to become sexually aroused. His difficulty best illustrates

a paraphilia

alpha waves are associated with

a relaxed but awake state

the simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with

unconscious mental activity

which of the following is NOT a gay-straight trait difference

visual depth perception

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to sexual orientation

with the help of a therapist, most people find it easy to change their sexual orientation

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ___ morality

A post conversational

the release of ___ to muscle cells receptors triggers muscle contractions

ACh

A drug molecule that increases the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap of a(n)

Agonist

To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n)

EEG

people are especially likely to show flexibility in their career if they are

Androgynous

Adopted children are especially likely to have a similar ____ if raised in the same home

Attitudes

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of an parenting style

Authorization

The autonomic nervous system most directly controls

Bladder contractions

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ___, and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to __

Career choices; clothing preferences

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raising practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr Matsuko is a(n) ___ psychologist

Development

Researchers studying mice have found that on utero exposure to certain chemicals can cause genetically identical twins to have different colored hair. This is the best explained by the side that genetically linked traits can be modified by

Epigenetic marks

During a typical morning, Colin checks the clock frequently before being reinforced with confirmation that the time for his regular scheduled lunch break has arrived. In this case, Colin's behavior is reinforced on a ___ schedule

Fixed-interval

Heterosexual men feel most romantically attracted to women whose waist are roughly a third narrower than their hips. Evolutionary psychology most clearly attributes this preference to the fact that this physical characteristic is associated with

Future fertility

a single ___ on the __ prenatal development on the testes

Gene; Y

A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Kim-Li still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of a balloon popping. This reaction best illustrates

Generalization

rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by

Gestalt psychologists

sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger arousing hormone

Ghrelin

Abner, a 70-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of ciny real value of significance. According to Erikson, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of

Integrity

Pedro recognized that his son was closer to him than his daughter because his son particularly blocked his view of his daughter. Pedro's perception was most clearly influenced by a distant cue known as

Interposition

the sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms emphasize

Kinesthesia

the experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by

LSD

Depressed mood states are linked to __ levels of Serotonin and ___ levels of norepinephrine

Low;low

the taste of umami is a __ taste

Meaty

bright light inhabits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of

Melatonin

during middle and late adulthood, women become progressively ___ self-confident and men become progressively ____ empathetic

More; more

sleep walking is most likely to be associated with ___ sleep

NREM-3

the visual cortex is located in the

Occipital lobes

Nociceptors initiate the sensation of

Pain

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by

Piaget's cognitive development theory

nutritions in oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the

Placenta

Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicated of a(n)

Severed spinal cord

In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise fro simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as

Shaping

Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. This illustrates

The law of effect

interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates

Top- down processing

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates

Weber's law

the process of imprinting occurs during a brief development phase known as

a critical period

studies that followed hundreds of New Zealand and US girls from age 5 to 18, ___ with linked to sexual activity before age 16

a father's absence

a child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates to the development of

a theory of mind

Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?

amygdala

Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and birds will chirp. This best illustrates:

associative leaning

An axon transmits messages ___ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ___ the cell body

away from; toward

an organism's ability to mentally anticipate that the US will follow a CS is most likely to be highly rated by a(n) __ perceptive

cognitive

grass seen through sunglasses appears as grass as it does without glasses. This best illustrates

color constancy

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a

concept of conversation

When holding a gun themselves, people become more likely to perceive another person as gun-toting rather than as simply holding a phone or wallet. This best illustrates the impact of

context effects

Nicotine triggers a(n) __ in anxiety and a(n) __ in mental alertness

decrease; increase

Punishment __ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement __ the rate of operant responding

decreasing; increasing

working hard every day of the year for the gratification of a bonus paycheck at the end of the year best illustrates the impact of ___ on behavior.

delayed reinforcers

Due to an insensitivity to male sex hormones during prenatal development, Robin, a genetically male baby, was born with external gentals characteristics of a female body. Robin most clearly shows signs of a

disorder of sexual development

A skilled tennis player's brain and body respond automatically to an upcoming serve before becoming consciously aware of the ball's trajectory. This best illustrates our capacity for

dual processing

Physical exercise in late adulthood has been found to

enhance muscle strength, help prevent heart disease, and stimulate brain cell development

who are most likely to be criticized for overestimating the impact of genes on male-female differences in sexual behavior

evolutionary psychologist

which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's visual cortex

feature defectors

The cochlea is a

fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Adolescents' sense of what's fair is most likely to change from simple equality to what's proportional to merit when they achieve

formal operations

Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are

fraternal twins who were raised apart

During adolescence maturation of the ___ lags behind maturation of the __

frontal lobes; limbic system

In some cultures, men are expected to take primary responsibility for managing household finances and women are expected to take primary responsibility for preparing household meals. This best illustrates aspects of

gender roles

because he believed that crying is a feminine trait, 14 year old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. his experience best illustrates the impact of

gender schemas

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute the human tendency to fear spiders and snakes to

genetic predispositions

Since the advent of the internet, there has been a(n) ___ in the percentage of American couples who report meeting online. The percentage meeting online is currently ___ among same-sex couples than among heterosexual couples

increase; larger

Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ___ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

left cerebral hemisphere

there is very little relationship between the age of an adult and his or her

level of life satisfaction

railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as

linear perspective

The sequence in which babies Master the skill of rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking is the same around the world. This best illustrates the importance of ___ in motor development

maturation

An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the functioning of

mirror neurons

compared with boys, girls spend

more time with friends

Rats most easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with

novel tastes

John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of:

observable behavior

if one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a foos reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates:

observational learning

Most of the TV shows that 9-year-old Fred watches involve violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to:

perceive the injuries of victims of violence as less severe

After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of

perceptual set

Which of the following is indicative of sexual dysfunction

premature ejaculation

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates

receptional adoption

The first time that Liza heard the loud sound of her father's bass drum, she responded with fear. The fear response is most clearly an example of:

respondent behavior

the distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as

retinal disparity

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing

role confusion

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of

secure attachment

the peripheral nervous system consists of

sensory and motor neurons

A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates

sensory interaction

a door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinals as it opens, yes we still perceive it as a rectangular. This illustrates

shape constancy

which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity

sleep apnea

stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a

sleeping cat to awaken

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

spontaneous recovery

questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue

stability and change

Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to

substance use disorder

to prevent or reduce marijuana use, young people should be educated about

the long-term cost of regular marijuana use

Masters and Johnson described four stages of

the sexual response cycle