Psychology
Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that en... piano sounds. This best illustrates the impact of
plasticity
the central focal point in the reting where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the
Fovea
the distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ___ theory of dreams
Freud's wish-fulfillment
Which tube of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking
Frontal
A public intuition into adult responsibilities and status is called a
Rite of Passage
teenage girls are especially vulnerable to___ because of their lower levels of protective antibodies
STIs
Mr. Jen experiences distressing and recurrent urges to inflict suffering on other people in order to become sexually aroused. His difficulty best illustrates
a paraphilia
alpha waves are associated with
a relaxed but awake state
the simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with
unconscious mental activity
which of the following is NOT a gay-straight trait difference
visual depth perception
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to sexual orientation
with the help of a therapist, most people find it easy to change their sexual orientation
Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ___ morality
A post conversational
the release of ___ to muscle cells receptors triggers muscle contractions
ACh
A drug molecule that increases the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap of a(n)
Agonist
To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n)
EEG
people are especially likely to show flexibility in their career if they are
Androgynous
Adopted children are especially likely to have a similar ____ if raised in the same home
Attitudes
"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of an parenting style
Authorization
The autonomic nervous system most directly controls
Bladder contractions
Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ___, and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to __
Career choices; clothing preferences
Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raising practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr Matsuko is a(n) ___ psychologist
Development
Researchers studying mice have found that on utero exposure to certain chemicals can cause genetically identical twins to have different colored hair. This is the best explained by the side that genetically linked traits can be modified by
Epigenetic marks
During a typical morning, Colin checks the clock frequently before being reinforced with confirmation that the time for his regular scheduled lunch break has arrived. In this case, Colin's behavior is reinforced on a ___ schedule
Fixed-interval
Heterosexual men feel most romantically attracted to women whose waist are roughly a third narrower than their hips. Evolutionary psychology most clearly attributes this preference to the fact that this physical characteristic is associated with
Future fertility
a single ___ on the __ prenatal development on the testes
Gene; Y
A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Kim-Li still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of a balloon popping. This reaction best illustrates
Generalization
rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by
Gestalt psychologists
sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger arousing hormone
Ghrelin
Abner, a 70-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of ciny real value of significance. According to Erikson, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of
Integrity
Pedro recognized that his son was closer to him than his daughter because his son particularly blocked his view of his daughter. Pedro's perception was most clearly influenced by a distant cue known as
Interposition
the sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms emphasize
Kinesthesia
the experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by
LSD
Depressed mood states are linked to __ levels of Serotonin and ___ levels of norepinephrine
Low;low
the taste of umami is a __ taste
Meaty
bright light inhabits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of
Melatonin
during middle and late adulthood, women become progressively ___ self-confident and men become progressively ____ empathetic
More; more
sleep walking is most likely to be associated with ___ sleep
NREM-3
the visual cortex is located in the
Occipital lobes
Nociceptors initiate the sensation of
Pain
The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by
Piaget's cognitive development theory
nutritions in oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the
Placenta
Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicated of a(n)
Severed spinal cord
In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise fro simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as
Shaping
Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. This illustrates
The law of effect
interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates
Top- down processing
The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates
Weber's law
the process of imprinting occurs during a brief development phase known as
a critical period
studies that followed hundreds of New Zealand and US girls from age 5 to 18, ___ with linked to sexual activity before age 16
a father's absence
a child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates to the development of
a theory of mind
Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?
amygdala
Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and birds will chirp. This best illustrates:
associative leaning
An axon transmits messages ___ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ___ the cell body
away from; toward
an organism's ability to mentally anticipate that the US will follow a CS is most likely to be highly rated by a(n) __ perceptive
cognitive
grass seen through sunglasses appears as grass as it does without glasses. This best illustrates
color constancy
Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a
concept of conversation
When holding a gun themselves, people become more likely to perceive another person as gun-toting rather than as simply holding a phone or wallet. This best illustrates the impact of
context effects
Nicotine triggers a(n) __ in anxiety and a(n) __ in mental alertness
decrease; increase
Punishment __ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement __ the rate of operant responding
decreasing; increasing
working hard every day of the year for the gratification of a bonus paycheck at the end of the year best illustrates the impact of ___ on behavior.
delayed reinforcers
Due to an insensitivity to male sex hormones during prenatal development, Robin, a genetically male baby, was born with external gentals characteristics of a female body. Robin most clearly shows signs of a
disorder of sexual development
A skilled tennis player's brain and body respond automatically to an upcoming serve before becoming consciously aware of the ball's trajectory. This best illustrates our capacity for
dual processing
Physical exercise in late adulthood has been found to
enhance muscle strength, help prevent heart disease, and stimulate brain cell development
who are most likely to be criticized for overestimating the impact of genes on male-female differences in sexual behavior
evolutionary psychologist
which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's visual cortex
feature defectors
The cochlea is a
fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
Adolescents' sense of what's fair is most likely to change from simple equality to what's proportional to merit when they achieve
formal operations
Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are
fraternal twins who were raised apart
During adolescence maturation of the ___ lags behind maturation of the __
frontal lobes; limbic system
In some cultures, men are expected to take primary responsibility for managing household finances and women are expected to take primary responsibility for preparing household meals. This best illustrates aspects of
gender roles
because he believed that crying is a feminine trait, 14 year old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. his experience best illustrates the impact of
gender schemas
Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute the human tendency to fear spiders and snakes to
genetic predispositions
Since the advent of the internet, there has been a(n) ___ in the percentage of American couples who report meeting online. The percentage meeting online is currently ___ among same-sex couples than among heterosexual couples
increase; larger
Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ___ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.
left cerebral hemisphere
there is very little relationship between the age of an adult and his or her
level of life satisfaction
railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as
linear perspective
The sequence in which babies Master the skill of rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking is the same around the world. This best illustrates the importance of ___ in motor development
maturation
An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the functioning of
mirror neurons
compared with boys, girls spend
more time with friends
Rats most easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with
novel tastes
John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of:
observable behavior
if one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a foos reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates:
observational learning
Most of the TV shows that 9-year-old Fred watches involve violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to:
perceive the injuries of victims of violence as less severe
After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of
perceptual set
Which of the following is indicative of sexual dysfunction
premature ejaculation
After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates
receptional adoption
The first time that Liza heard the loud sound of her father's bass drum, she responded with fear. The fear response is most clearly an example of:
respondent behavior
the distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as
retinal disparity
Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing
role confusion
Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of
secure attachment
the peripheral nervous system consists of
sensory and motor neurons
A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates
sensory interaction
a door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinals as it opens, yes we still perceive it as a rectangular. This illustrates
shape constancy
which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity
sleep apnea
stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a
sleeping cat to awaken
Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates
spontaneous recovery
questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue
stability and change
Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to
substance use disorder
to prevent or reduce marijuana use, young people should be educated about
the long-term cost of regular marijuana use
Masters and Johnson described four stages of
the sexual response cycle