Psychology Chapter 1 quiz

Which of the following statements is correct? A. There are many controversies in the field of psychology B. Psychologist on then whole agree among themselves on most aspects of the field C. Psychologists do not engage in critical thinking D. There are a few controversies in the field of psychology

A

A correlation of -.67 indicates: A. A strong positive relationship B. A strong negative relationship C. A week positive relationship D. A week negative relationship

B

A study could possibly put participants at risk of harm, but the participants are not told about that risk. The ethical standard that has been violated is: A. Debriefing B. Informed consent C. Deception D. Confidentiality

B

A study on obesity had four groups, each with a different assignment. One group of participants read a brochure about diet and nutrition; another group had a 30 minute nutrition counseling session; a third group read the newspaper; a fourth group watched a video about exercising fitness. The control group is: A. The group that had a counseling session B. The group that read the newspaper C. The group that read the brochure D. The group that watch the video

B

Charles Darwins work is relevant to psychology because: A. Darwins research demonstrated that there are a few differences between humans and animals B. Darwins principle of natural selection suggest that human behavior is partially a result of efforts to survive C. Darwin stated that humans descended from apes, a principle that allows psychologist to understand human behavior D. Darwin created functionalism

B

Do you want to know if someone getting more exercise will improve your mood. Which research study would be most informative? A. A correlational study with a sample of 40 adults B. An experiment that involves randomly assigning 200 students similar to yourself to either of physical activity condition or a control group and then measuring mood C. A case of one psychology students experience with exercise D. A longitudinal study tracking exercise in mood over two years in a sample of 100 grade school children

B

I study reports that height is surprisingly correlated with lifetime income. Specifically, tall people tend to make more money than short people. April is the shortest woman in her class and when she reads about the study she becomes upset. What advice would you have for April? A. She can still eat a successful life even if she cannot ever make as much money as a tall person B. Correlation does not imply causation in group statistics cannot be assumed to apply to every single case C. Scientist base their conclusions on data. The data show that she is simply very likely to be poor. D. Being a critical thinker means excepting whatever the data says

B

The last step in the scientific method, and one that never ends is: A. Drawing conclusions B. Evaluating conclusions C. Testing through empirical research D. Running A statistical analysis

B

When a researcher decides to study a particular group, such as Latino factory workers, the researcher is specifically determining the studies: A. Population B. Sample C. Research setting D. Scope

B

Which of the following statements is correct? A. Only correlational research allows researchers to determine casualty B. Only experimental research allows researchers to determine casualty C. Both correlational and experimental research allows researchers to determine casualty D. Neither correlation or nor experimental research allows researchers to determine casualty

B

Of the following, the characteristic that is not at the heart of the scientific approach is: A. Skepticism B. Critical thinking C. Pre-judging D. Curiosity

C

Providing research participants with information about the purpose of a study at the studies conclusion is called: A. Informed consent B. Deception C. Debriefing D. Confidentiality

C

The approach to psychology that is most interested in early childhood relationships is: A. Evolutionary psychology B. Cognitive psychology C. Psychodynamic psychology D. Behavioral psychology

C

The entire group of people about whom a researcher wants to draw conclusions is the: A. Sample B. Random sample C. Population D. Field

C

A drawback of laboratory research is that: A. It is hard to conduct without the participants knowledge that they are being studied B. People who participate in lab studies may not be representative of the diverse world in which we live in C. The lab setting is a natural and made us cause participants to behave and naturally D. All of the above

D

Any changeable phenomenon that a scientist studies is called a: A. Differential B. Predictor C. Variation D. Variable

D

In a blog post, a scientist describes a recently completed study in which she found that people who were assigned to an exercise group reported 10 times more happiness than those in a control group. She and her colleagues plan to submit the findings for publication. What would a wise reader of science think about this post? A. The results are clearly important and represent a major contribution to science B. The results are likely worthless because you cannot believe anything you read in a blog post C. The results are not surprising and therefore probably true D. The jury is still out on your findings because the research has not gone through peer review

D

The approach to psychology that focuses on self fulfillment, altruism, and personal growth is: A. The cognitive approach B. The behavioral approach C. Psychodynamic approach D. The humanistic approach

D

The approach to psychology that views psychological distress as a result of persistent negative thoughts is: A. The humanistic approach B. The behavioral approach C. The socio-cultural approach D. The cognitive approach

D

The organization that provides ethical guidelines for psychologists is the: A. American psychiatric Association B. Institutional review board C. American medical Association D. American psychological Association

D

The statement "I believe this research will demonstrate that students who study in small groups will get better grades than those who study alone" is an example of: A. Theory theory B. An observation C. A conclusion D. Hypothesis

D

A correlational study: a. Examines how strongly two variables are related to one another b. Has little utility since it is merely descriptive c. Can be used to establish a cause and relationship d. Is no longer allowed under today's ethical guidelines

a

Neuroscience refers to the study of the: a. nervous system b. immune system c. the genome d. endocrine system

a

Psychology is formally defined as the scientific: a. the study of behavior and mental processes b. study of mental processes in human and nonhuman animals c. study of the cause and treatment of mental illness d. investigation of unconscious mental processes

a

The word replicate refers to: a. repeating a study using the same research methods but different research participants b. a statistical technique c. a second statistical analysis of the studies results by an independent researcher d. Confirming a researchers results with meta-analysis

a

Which of the following attitudes are central onto the scientific approach to psychology? a. Critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity b. Critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and objectivity c. Critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and subjectivity d. Critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and subjectivity

a

Which of the following best represents psychology's goals? a. Describe, explain, and predict b. Listen to, counsel, and console people with problems c. Investigate and treat mental illness d. Apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behavior

a

Wilhelm Wundt and his student, Edward Titchner were the founders of ______, whereas William James was the founder of _______. a. Structuralism; functionalism b. Behaviorism: functionalism c. Structuralism; behaviorism d. Functionalism; behaviorism

a

________ is most often regarded as the "founding father" of modern psychology a. Wilhelm Wundt b. Charles Darwin c. William James d. Sigmund Freud

a

According to the science psychology psychology, a behavior is a(n) a. Goal for life b. Action that can be directly observed c. Attitude that can be changed d. Feeling that is acknowledged

b

Psychology begin as a science and the discipline of: a. Physics b. Philosophy c. Chemistry d. Sociology

b

Under the American psychological Association ethical codes for psychologist, psychological researchers: a. Must console each participants family doctor b. Must inform participants of what the study will involve and what risks might develop c. Are never allowed to deceive research participants d. Can identify research participants by name but only in professional journals

b

The ______ involves gaining knowledge by observing events, collecting data, and reasoning logically a. Process of deception b. Process of debriefing c. Empirical method d. Biological approach

c

The founder of psycho analysis was: a. American psychologist B. F. Skinner b. American psychologist Carl Rogers c. Austrian physician Sigmund Freud d. German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt

c

Which of the following goals of science does the empirical method best fulfill? a. Subjectivity b. Political correctness c. Objectivity d. Expectations

c

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method? a. Analyze the data and draw conclusions b. Design the study and collect data c. Apply the findings to solve human problems d. Formulate a testable hypothesis

c

Which of the following is an example of behavior? a. Thinking of a family vacation b. A students memory of a motorcycle trip c. Two people holding hands in the park d. A baby's feelings when his or her mother leaves the room

c

Which of the following statements best defines critical thinking and psychology? a. It is a form of thinking that has been rejected by contemporary psychologists b. It is the process of excepting observed events as true c. It is the process of reflecting deeply, asking questions, and evaluating evidence d. It is a form of thinking intended to create something new and different

c

_______ are the thoughts, feelings, and emotions that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be directly observed a. Fetal processes b. Mannerisms c. Mental processes d. Behaviors

c

How did physiology contribute to the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline? a. in defining the boundaries of their science, physiologists rejected the study of mental processes and behavior b. physiologists in the late nineteenth century proposed that psychology should be a separate sub discipline of physiology c. physiologists in the late 19th century were unable to apply scientific methods to the study of human behavior and thinking and consequently psychology was no longer part of that discipline d. physiologists demonstrated that scientific methods could be applied to understanding human behavior and mental processes.

d

Wilhelm Wundt: a. was A French philosopher who proposed the idea of interactive dualism b. was an Australian physician who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology c. is created with the discovery of unconscious mental processes d. was A German physiologist who established the first psychology research lab at the University of Leipzig

d