Psychology Chapter 11 Stress and Health

Type A

Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Type B

Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people

Julia is awoken in the middle of the night to the sound of breaking glass. Her increased heart rate and respiration can BEST be explained as:

a fight-or-flight response

health psychology

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

Abdul has just discovered his term paper is due tomorrow when he thought it was due next week. According to Hans Selye, Abdul will likely be experiencing the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

alarm

Phase 1: Alarm Reaction (GAS)

as your sympathetic nervous system is suddenly activated. Your heart rate zooms. Blood is diverted to your skeletal muscles. You feel the faintness of shock. With your resources mobilized, you are now ready to fight back.

People tend to use emotion-focused, rather than problem-focused, coping strategies when they:

believe they cannot change a stressful situation

One effective strategy for reducing angry feelings is to:

count to 10

In the 1990s, Alanis Morissette sang that "a traffic jam when you're already late" is ironic. While it actually may not be ironic, this situation is indeed a(n):

daily hassle

Sarah recently had a routine medical test conducted. Her doctor contacted her and told her that there were some irregularities and further tests were needed. While Sarah was concerned about the results, she dealt with her stress by talking to friends, spending time with her family, and staying busy. This is an example of _____ coping.

emotion-focused

Lorna examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV-positive gay men of color. Lorna is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

health

Macrophages

identify, pursue, and ingest harmful invaders and worn-out cells

catharsis

in psychology, the idea that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

When people speak of "being proactive" or "getting in front of a situation," they usually mean tackling an obstacle head-on so that it does not become a bigger issue. These phrases MOST clearly suggest _____ coping.

problem-focused

Individuals who have an internal locus of control generally have:

less obesity

Destroying worn-out cells is to _____ as attacking diseased cells is to _____.

macrophages, natural killer cells

Sandy participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being happier than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT Sandy was:

more likely to have met all of her life goals than less happy peers

B lymphocytes

release antibodies that fight bacterial infections.

Process is to event as _____ is to _____.

stress, stressor

Religiously active AIDS patients _____ than do their nonreligious counterparts.

survive longer

Stress

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors , that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Psychoneuroimmunology

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

tend-and-befriend response

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

_____ lymphocytes fight bacterial infections.

B

When Jason, aged 10, comes home from school, he is often very loud, energetic, and sometimes irritable. His mother is worried about his impulsiveness, but is unsure if it is a problem because he seems to act this way only when he has had school that day and his teacher describes him as well-behaved in the classroom. What is the BEST explanation for his after-school behavior?

Jason used up his energy for self-control in school

Jennifer was driving her car to school when it broke down. Which statement is true?

Jennifer's feelings of frustration are a stress reaction

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion

T lymphocytes

attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

natural killer cells (NK cells)

attack diseased cells (such as those infected by viruses or cancer)

Relative _____ refers to the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.

deprivation

Many people report feeling happier after performing random acts of kindness. This is an example of:

doing good promoting feeling good

After breaking up with her boyfriend, Kathy alleviated her stress by avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and by planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy's behavior BEST illustrates:

emotion-focused coping

coronary heart disease

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Mandisa is under an extreme amount of stress. She is battling with her ex-husband about money and their children. In this time of stress, Mandisa turns to her friends for support and spends as much time with her children as possible. Taylor and colleagues would say that she is responding to stress according to which model?

tend and befriend

With each new accomplishment, each career advance, and each raise, Joe somehow feels that it is still not enough. Joe's example BEST illustrates:

the adaptation-level phenomenon

Phase 3: Exhaustion (GAS)

you become more vulnerable to illness or even, in extreme cases, collapse and death

Phase 2: Resistance (GAS)

your temperature, blood pressure, and respiration remain high. Your adrenal glands pump hormones into your bloodstream. You are fully engaged, summoning all your resources to meet the challenge. As time passes, with no relief from stress, your body's reserves dwindle.